Guangzhou has a long history. During the Zhou Dynasty, the State of Chu sent ministers to this place where "Baiyue" people lived together. Baiyue surrendered to Chu, which was called the court of Chu. In Zhou Nanwang, he built a city on the coast of the South China Sea called Nanwucheng. In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), Ren Tao was sent to unify Lingnan and set up the capital of Nanhai. At that time Guangzhou was called Panyu. Ren Xiao was appointed as the governor of Nanhai County and built Yucheng, commonly known as Ren Xiaocheng. This is a small town in Laocang Lane, Cangbian Road, Guangzhou today. At the beginning of Han Dynasty, Zhao Lun took over Nanhai County, annexed nearby areas, established Nanyue State, and became the king of Nanyue. The dynasty lasted for five generations, which lasted for 93 years. Zhao Lun, headed by Panyu, moved Panyu to the east, west and most parts of Guangxi, which was the beginning of Guangzhou's name. Don Ling Weinan pointed. In the third year of the Five Dynasties Liang Dynasty (9 17), Wang Liu proclaimed himself emperor here, changed his name to Gan Heng, and became Da Yue. The following year, it was renamed Han, and the history was called Nanhan, and its capital was Xing. From the Three Kingdoms to the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Guangzhou once expanded southward. Because it is close to the river, it is often flooded. Liu Yin, the king of the South China Sea, chiseled Yushan Mountain, raised the mountain by borrowing soil, expanded the city wall and named it the New South City. Song Dynasty ruled Guangdong East Road. Guangzhou fu in ming dynasty. 1645, Zhu Yougou established the Nanming Dynasty in Guangzhou for 44 days and renamed it Shaowu. Qingyan meiji. Guangzhou City Hall was established in 192 1, which is the beginning of Guangzhou's official city establishment. During the Song Dynasty, Guangzhou City Wall was built more than ten times. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were three cities, namely, China, East and West. Midtown, also known as Zicheng, is based on the old town of Nanhan, with a circumference of 2.5 kilometers, east to Ganxi, west to Guxi Lake, south to Danan Road and north to Yuehua Road. Dongcheng is based on the former site of Zhaolun East, with Zicheng in the west, Cao Fang Street in the east, Haoxian Road in the north and Wenming Road in the south. 107 1 Xicheng was built, with a circumference of more than 6.5 kilometers and the largest scale.
Guangzhou was the political and economic center of Lingnan area in Ming Dynasty. During the years of Hongwu and Jiajing, the city wall was expanded twice. When it was first expanded, the three cities in the Song Dynasty merged into one, which was called the old city, with a perimeter of 10.5 km. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, a new city was built in the south of the old city. Today, Wanfu Road, Taikang Road and Yide Road are the southern boundaries of the new city. In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646), a small-scale east-west wing city was built in the south of the outer city. After the Revolution of 1911, it was demolished and turned into a road. 1922 was completely demolished, and now only a section of the city wall near the fifth floor of Yuexiu Mountain is left for people to watch.
For more than two thousand years, Guangzhou has been the political, economic and cultural center of South China in China. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Guangzhou was the distribution center of tropical precious specialties. Famous commodities include pearls, rhinoceros horn, hawksbill, ivory and so on. Abundant natural resources provide favorable conditions for industrial and commercial development. As early as the Han Dynasty, Panyu's textile, food processing, ceramics and other industries and businesses were quite developed. During the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the population in the north moved south again, which promoted the development of production here. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the iron smelting industry appeared for the first time in Guangzhou history. During the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, a piece of kudzu vine cloth as thin as cicada wings was produced. This is a 24-meter-long piece of cloth that can be rolled up and put into a bamboo tube, which is called "fine cloth into the tube". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, technologies such as wine making, pottery making and smelting were further developed. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Foshan Town near Guangzhou was a famous copper and iron smelting center in China, and its steel appliances were exported to Lingbei and overseas.
Guangzhou was an important port for China's ancient foreign trade. In the Han dynasty, it had trade with some overseas countries. Silver boxes and beads made of agate, crystal, etc. were unearthed from the tomb of Wang Di, a Nanyue language found in Hongkong, Guangzhou, some of which were imported from Central Asia or South Asia. During the Liang period, there were more than 10 batches of merchant ships coming to Guangzhou every year. In the Tang Dynasty, Guangzhou became a world-famous port, and its foreign trade expanded to countries in the South Pacific and Indian Ocean. In order to strengthen the management of foreign trade, China's earliest foreign trade organization and customs "city ambassador" were established here, which was responsible for foreign trade. There is also a "dining room" for foreign businessmen to live in. The sails of foreign ships going to Guangzhou are floating like clouds; There are tens of thousands of foreign businessmen (mainly Arabs) living in Guangzhou, with a peak of over 6,543,800. They believe in Islam, so they built an Islamic temple in Fanfang-Huaisheng Temple. From the Five Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty, Guangzhou has become the largest commercial city and trading port in China, accounting for more than 98% of the country's trade volume.
In the modern revolutionary history of China, Guangzhou has an important position. 184 1 during the British invasion of Guangzhou in, the people in the suburbs of Guangzhou 103 organized themselves and dealt a powerful blow to the British invaders in Sanyuanli. On the eve of the Revolution of 1911, Sun Yat-sen and others held armed uprisings in Guangzhou many times, and made unremitting efforts to overthrow the imperial system and create a democratic republic. 1911On April 27th, Guangzhou Uprising (also known as Huanghuagang Uprising) blew the prelude of the Revolution of 1911. 19 17 Sun Yat-sen organized the military government to protect the law in Guangzhou, and was elected as the grand marshal of the navy and army, pledging to the Northern Expedition.
192 1 year, Sun Yat-sen took office as a very big president in Guangzhou, and then unveiled the banner of protecting the law. 1923 in June, the third national congress of China with great historical significance was held in Guangzhou, and the United front policy was established. During the period of 1924, the Kuomintang of China held its first national congress in Guangzhou, determined three revolutionary policies of "uniting the Communist Party, uniting the Communist Party and helping the peasants and workers", and created a new situation for the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. 1On June 9th, 925, under the leadership of China, Hong Kong South China University of Technology and Guangzhou Westernization Workers held a general strike in Guangzhou, which shocked China and foreign countries. 1927 65438+February 1 1, China * * * held the Guangzhou Uprising here and established the "Guangzhou Soviet Government", which opened a new stage of the revolutionary struggle in Guangzhou.
Guangzhou is a subtropical this beautiful city, with flowers blooming in all seasons and pleasant scenery. Baiyun Mountain, a famous scenic spot, is full of cockroaches and lush vegetation. There are scenic spots such as Doosan Pavilion, Nengren Temple, Mingzhu Building, Shuiyue Pavilion and Huang Po Cave, as well as "Baiyun Songtao" and "Baiyun Wangxiao". Yuexiu Mountain in the urban area has been turned into a beautiful Yuexiu Park, and the Zhongshan Monument on the top of the mountain overlooks the whole city of Guangzhou. Zhenhai Tower on the Peak was built in the 13th year of Ming Hongwu (1380), and its red walls are heavy and dignified. There are also many scenic spots such as Wuyang Stone Statue and Sailor Pavilion.
Guangxiao Temple, located in the urban area, is one of the oldest buildings in Guangdong. It used to be the former residence of Zhao Jiande, King of Yue in the Western Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Yu Fan, an official of the State of Wu, lived here. After his death, his family built a house as a temple and named it Zhiban Temple. In the first year of Tang Yifeng (676), Huineng, a monk, was ordained under the bodhi tree in front of the Buddhist altar and founded the Southern Sect of Buddhism, known as the "Sixth Patriarch of Zen". In the 21st year of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty (1 15 1), it was renamed Guangxiao Temple. There are twelve halls, six halls and the Bell and Drum Tower in the temple. The existing main buildings include the Hall of the Great Hero, the Hall of the Six Ancestors, the Galapagos Hall, the Temple of the King, the East West Tower, the Fa Lou and other historical sites, and the grand scale of the past can still be seen.
Liu Rong Temple, an ancient Buddhist temple, was built in Datong, Liang for three years (537). It was built by Xiaoyu, the secretariat of Guangzhou at that time, to store the Buddhist bones brought back from overseas by Liang Wudi's mother-in-law. The temple preserves the bronze statue of Huineng, the sixth ancestor of Zen, cast in the Song Dynasty. There are also three giant bronze Buddha statues cast in the second year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1663), each of which is 6 meters high and weighs 10 ton. The temple is covered with green banyan trees and bamboo.
There are many revolutionary sites in Guangzhou. Famous sites include Sanyuanli Pingying Regiment Site, Huanghuagang 72 Martyrs' Tomb, Guangzhou Peasant Movement Workshop, Guangzhou Commune Site, Huangpu Military Academy Site, etc.
Guangzhou is the hometown of music and drama in history, and is famous for Cantonese opera, Cantonese opera and Cantonese opera. Guangdong music is one of the famous music schools in China, and it also has a certain position in the world music scene. Traditional music such as "Rain Beats Banana" and "Liu" have unique styles and beautiful tunes.
Guangdong arts and crafts have a long history and distinctive local characteristics. In particular, "three carvings, one color and one embroidery", that is, "ivory carving, red wood carving, jade carving, gold-woven colored porcelain and wide embroidery", is exquisite in skill and enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad.
1982, the State Council announced the ancient city of Guangzhou as a national historical and cultural city.
References:
Guangzhou cultural information network