1, Productivity Improvement: Use and Promotion of Iron and Niu Geng.
The arrival of the Iron Age marked the remarkable improvement of social productive forces.
The application of Niu Geng is an agricultural dynamic revolution in the history of agricultural technology.
Teacher: With the progress of productivity, great changes have taken place in the relations of production. Ask the students to answer and list the following chart on the blackboard:
Iron and Niu Geng → large-scale reclamation of wasteland → the emergence of private fields → a new way of exploitation, namely feudal land ownership;
The new tax system, such as Qi's "land-related decline" and land's "initial tax mu", has promoted the transformation of cultivated land from state-owned to private;
Shang Yang's reform abolished the well field system and established the private ownership of land in legal form.
The teacher concluded:
2. The transformation of production relations: private land appeared, and the new feudal production relations replaced the slave production relations; With the new national tax system and legal provisions, the state ownership of slave land gradually changed into the private ownership of feudal landlord land, and the well field system collapsed.
With the state ownership of slave land gradually transformed into the private ownership of feudal landlord land, the economic and political power of the emerging landlord class has been strengthened, and the contradiction with the slave owners and nobles has become sharp.
(1) instead of slave owners and nobles to seize power. (For example, the three families are divided into Jin and Tian Daiqi)
⑵ Demanding political reform, abolishing the aristocratic privilege of slave owners, developing feudal economy and establishing the rule of the landlord class. Countries carried out political reform movements and established new feudal systems. Give examples to prove:
The Spring and Autumn Period of Internal Reform in Various Countries: Qi Guanzhong
Warring States Period: Wei Li Kui, Chu Wuqi.
The Reforms of Shang Yang
The teacher asked: What is the purpose of the reform in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period?
The students answered, and the teacher concluded that the purpose of the Warring States Reform was twofold (the fundamental purpose was to abolish the aristocratic privileges of slave owners, develop the feudal economy, and establish the rule of the landlord class; Direct purpose: Rich country Qiang Bing. )
Cultural characteristics:
The teacher asked: What happened in the cultural field during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period?
The students answered.
The teacher asked: What is the reason why a hundred schools of thought contend in the cultural field during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period?
The students answered, and the teacher summarized: During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, culture was extremely prosperous. All walks of life have put forward their own ideas and views on social change, and there are many philosophical schools, and a hundred schools of thought contend.
The teacher asked: What determines the views of these different schools of philosophy?
The students answered and the teacher concluded that this was determined by the class position they represented and influenced by the social, economic and political situation at that time. Thus, what is the relationship between ideological culture and political economy?
The students answered, and the teacher concluded: the political and economic situation of a certain society determines the ideological culture of this society, and the ideological culture of a certain period reflects the political and economic situation of this period.
Question: Genre (the influence of viewpoints, representative classes, times and future generations)
Significance (laid the foundation of China's ancient thought)
What are the characteristics of ideology and culture in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period?
Students answer and the teacher summarizes.
Writing on the blackboard: cultural characteristics: cultural prosperity, a hundred schools of thought contend.
[train of thought analysis]
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the production tools and technologies made remarkable progress, especially the use of iron farm tools and Niu Geng. The rapid development of social productive forces led to the emergence of feudal exploitation methods and the gradual formation of landlords and farmers. With the continuous development of the landlord class, in order to protect their own economic interests, they demanded political status and replaced the aristocratic rule of slave owners with the dictatorship of the landlord class. Some reformers, such as Shang Yang, represented the interests of the landlord class, carried out political reform activities and established feudal system, which promoted the faster development of social productive forces. The development of productive forces promotes the change of production relations, and the change of economic base promotes the change of superstructure, which is the inevitable law of historical development.
[Problem solving process]
Features: The disintegration of slave society and the formation of feudal society in China.
(2) Reflection: With the popularization of iron farm tools and Niu Geng, private land reclamation increased, and the well field system disintegrated day by day, which led to the exploitation of farmers by feudal landlords. Politically, the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period and the seven heroes in the Warring States Period all had merger wars. These wars objectively promoted national integration, and the people hated wars and longed for reunification. With the establishment of feudal land ownership, the landlord class became powerful and demanded political power. Under the impetus of the emerging landlord class, the reform movement was launched one after another. After 100 years of reform, the new feudal system was gradually established in various vassal States. During the Warring States period, in addition to the development of feudal agriculture and handicrafts, commerce flourished, and many emerging feudal cities appeared on the basis of commercial prosperity.
(3) Linkage: The development of economy and the improvement of social productivity have promoted the change and progress of social system and the development of science and culture. The progress of social system in turn promotes the development of economy, productivity and science and culture.