Because Japan has a large number of historical sites and cultural relics, political culture also involves the history of Japan. Only by understanding the history of Japan can we better understand Japan itself. As a neighbor of Japan, it is necessary for China people to know what Japan has done in the past two thousand years. Some history can be forgotten, and some history can never be erased, which is why we spare no effort. At the same time, the history of Japan is the best interpretation of the idiom "only a strip of clothes carries water".
Japanese
1 century, The Geography of Chinese Characters edited by Ban Gu wrote: "There are Japanese in the Sea of Le Lang, which are divided into 100 countries. Come and see you when you are old." This record summarizes the situation of Japanese tribes at the end of primitive society. At the beginning of the 3rd century, in western Japan, an early slave country-Xiema Thailand was formed.
There are more than 70,000 households in Matai. The Queen is called "Ji Meizi". She sent powerful ministers to visit China many times and gave slaves and other items to Wang Wei. Wei Mingdi once awarded her the title of "Pro-Wei Rijun" and a gold ribbon, and returned other precious items.
Dahe county
After the middle of the 3rd century, another more developed slave country, Yamato, appeared in the middle of Honshu, centering on Dahe County (now Nara County). By the 5th century, most parts of Japan were unified. Yamato's head of state is called the "king" and is the supreme ruler of the slave country.
"Great changes and new changes"
The so-called "innovation" refers to a top-down political and economic reform carried out in the second year of Daiwa (646). Overthrow the aristocratic group of big slave owners headed by Su Yilu and seize power; And Emperor Kotoku acceded to the throne, changed the title to "Dahua", and it was difficult to move the capital. On New Year's Day the following year, he issued an imperial edict on innovation, and carried out political and economic reforms modeled on the feudal system of the Tang Dynasty in China, which was called "innovation" in history.
The Establishment and Development of Ancient Emperor System
1868 years ago, the period from "innovation" to "Meiji Restoration" was about 1200 years, which was a feudal social period in Japan. The history of this period can be divided into two stages; The first stage is from 645 to 1 192, and the second stage is from 1 192 to 1868.
According to the change of the imperial capital, the first stage can be divided into three historical periods.
Asuka period (539 ~) was called "Asuka period" because the capital of the empire was Fujiwara, a place where birds lived (20 kilometers south of Naraku County today).
Nara era (7 10 ~ 794)
The Heian period (794 ~ 1 192) was the period from 794 (784) when Emperor Kanmu moved its capital to Changgang (now the capital of Beijing) to 1 192 when the Kamakura shogunate was established.
Shogunate politics
The second stage of Japanese feudal society was from 1 192, when the dynasty formally established the Kamakura shogunate, to the Meiji Restoration in 1868. This is the abdication of the emperor. Local lords relied on a certain samurai group, did not implement imperial decrees, and independently disputed with feudal rulers according to the development and changes of the shogunate. The historical development of this stage has formed the following times:
In the Kamakura period (1 192 ~ 1333), the Yuan Dynasty (1147 ~199) was in1/.
The Southern and Northern Dynasties (1336 ~ 1392) was a period from the demise of the Kamakura shogunate to the rise of the Muromachi shogunate. 1270 at the end of the kamakura shogunate, the royal family was divided into two factions: Daixue Temple (Kameyama emperor system) and Shenjun (post-Shencao emperor system). 1336, the former made its capital in Yoshino (now Nara Prefecture), called the Southern Dynasties; The latter, with its capital in Kyoto, was called the Northern Dynasty, thus forming a situation in which the two emperors of the North and the South stood side by side and confronted each other. It was not until 1392 that the southern dynasties merged with the northern dynasties that this situation came to an end.
Muromachi period (1338 ~ 1573) was when Ashikaga Zun (1305 ~ 1358) overthrew the Kamakura shogunate in 1333, and was defeated in 1338.
The period of Antu Taoshan (1573 ~ 1598) is the period from 1573 when Nobuyuki Omoda wiped out the Muromachi shogunate to 1598 when Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified all Japanese mirrors. Because the former ruled in Antu, near the river, and the latter ruled in Fujian (Taoshan) in Kyoto, it was called "Antu Taoshan era" and "Zhifeng era".
Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death was the edo period (1603 ~ 1867). Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542 ~ 16 16), a part of Nobunaga, established the shogunate in Edo (now Tokyo) on 1603. Tokugawa Ieyasu met Tian Xinbo in his early years and got in touch with him on 1590. After Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death, he came to power in 1600 and became the founder of the edo shogunate in 1603. Since then, the rule of Tokugawa shogunate has lasted for more than 260 years. Therefore, this era is also called "Tokugawa era".
Modern (19th century-prewar)
Forced by the resumption of international exchanges in the United States, the emperor returned to power and implemented the Meiji Restoration. In order to catch up with other countries and take industry as the center, we have implemented an incentive policy for industrial development. Since the promulgation of the Meiji Constitution in 1889, with the establishment of modern Japanese imperial system and the formation of a centralized capitalist country, in order to further strengthen the rule, the Meiji government tried to bring modern education into the track of advocating loyalty to the monarch, patriotism and the spirit of Japanese Shintoism, which led Japan's educational reform to the wrong path of serving militaristic politics.
1929 when the world economic crisis broke out, Japan embarked on the path of militarism.
Japan's modern Mikado system has gone through several different historical stages. Judging from the change of emperors in past dynasties:1868 ~1911was the Meiji era and the reign of Emperor Mu Ren; 19 12 ~ 1925 was the Taisho era, when Emperor Jiaren was in power, and the Showa era from 1926 was the reign of Emperor Hirohito. Today's emperor is Akihito, and the title is Heisei.
Shortly after the Meiji Restoration, Japan could not wait to embark on the road of aggression and expansion, which brought profound disasters to neighboring countries such as North Korea and China.
1894 launched the Sino-Japanese war of aggression against China and occupied Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands. 1904 launched the Russo-Japanese War. 19 10 occupied the Korean peninsula. Later, he took part in World War I and seized German islands in the Pacific Ocean and privileges in China. 193 1 year, launched the September 18th incident and occupied China. 1944 65438+ Launch the Pacific War in February.
China, the United States and Britain issued the Potsdam Proclamation on July 26th, 1945, urging Japan to surrender. 1945 On August 6 and 9, the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. On August 9, the Red Army of the Soviet Union officially entered the war, quickly defeated the Japanese Kwantung Army, and dealt a fatal blow to Japanese imperialism. /kloc-in August of 0/5, the Japanese emperor broadcast to the whole country and announced his acceptance of the Potsdam Proclamation. On September 2, aboard the Missouri, Japan signed an unconditional surrender.
Modern (post-war to present)
1On June 25th, 950, the Korean War broke out. 1952 On April 28th, the San Francisco Peace Treaty and the Japan-US Security Treaty came into effect at the same time, the allied countries' full-scale military occupation of Japan came to an end, the occupation institutions of the allied countries were cancelled, and Japan was recognized as an independent country by the contracting countries. According to the Japan-US security treaty, the US military continues to stay in Japan. The United States maintains a semi-occupied position in Japan. It is precisely because of the Korean War that Japan gained the initial impetus for post-war economic growth and devoted itself to economic development under the military protection of the United States.
Ikeda Hayato's cabinet came to power. In order to stabilize the political situation, ease domestic contradictions and enhance Japan's economic strength, Ikeda said that he would implement a "new policy", work hard for "the prosperity of the national economy" and "the growth of social welfare" at home, "abandon the idea of belonging to the United States" and "adopt a good-neighborly and friendly policy toward all countries." By 197 1 year, Japan's gross national product increased from $43 billion in 1960 to $2184 billion. Japan's gross national product surpassed France by 1966, Britain by 1967, and the Federal Republic of Germany by 1968, becoming an "economic power" in the capitalist world after the United States.
1973 Japan's economy was hit by the international oil crisis, and its growth rate slowed down and turned into a period of "steady growth", but its growth rate was still the highest among the major capitalist countries.
1972 On September 25th, Japanese Prime Minister tanaka kakuei and Foreign Minister Masayoshi Ohira visited China. On September 29th, the Prime Ministers and Foreign Ministers of China and Japan issued a joint statement, announcing that the two countries have basically established equal and friendly relations on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, ended the state of war between the two countries and formally resumed diplomatic relations.
In 1990s, Japan paid the price of a decade-long economic weakness for the bubble economy. This state will continue into the new century.
Source: Xinhuanet
References:
/ztpd/xwzt/ Ji Guo/2004/Rb/bjzl/200410/25/t20041025 _ 2104577.shtml.