This paper summarizes the situation and characteristics of international trade of agricultural products since China joined WTO, analyzes the problems existing in international trade of agricultural products, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures.
Put forward the development strategy.
Keywords: green trade barriers in international trade of agricultural products
Agricultural products trade is an important part of international trade, and China has joined it.
% & Since then, the scale of agricultural trade has been expanding, and it has become the fifth largest in the world.
Exporters of agricultural products and the fourth largest importer of agricultural products. But the international trade of agricultural products in China
Yi also faces problems such as low quality of agricultural products, green trade barriers and anti-dumping of agricultural products.
Sales and other issues. As a traditional agricultural country, China vigorously develops the international trade of agricultural products.
Easy to have strategic significance.
First, the characteristics of international trade in agricultural products in China
! "From the perspective of the import and export volume of agricultural products. ()) (# ()) USD year, import and export of agricultural products.
Both export volume and import volume showed a rapid growth trend, with export volume and import volume reaching record highs respectively.
Ping, the import of agricultural products grew faster than the export, and the international trade of agricultural products changed from surplus to deficit.
Become a deficit. () * The total import and export volume of agricultural products in China exceeded 1000 billion USD (1000 billion RMB).
Daguan has entered the ranks of the world's major agricultural trade countries.
Despite the rapid growth of agricultural trade in China, the trade volume of China's foreign trade
However, the proportion of total barter shows a downward trend. In contrast, in many
In the national trade structure, agricultural products trade occupies an important position. This reflects our country.
The industrial structure and export commodity structure are constantly optimized and upgraded, which also shows that China's export commodity structure is constantly optimized and upgraded.
The import and export trade of agricultural products in China still has great development potential.
# "From the perspective of agricultural product export market structure. Asia is still the first agricultural product in China.
The export market is large, with a slight decline in market share, but exported to Europe and North America.
Market share has increased to varying degrees. Agricultural products in China, especially grain, meat and vegetables.
The export markets of vegetables and aquatic products are mainly concentrated in Asian countries and regions; Europe is
China's agricultural products are the second largest export market, and North America is the third largest export market.
$ "From the perspective of agricultural products export pattern. Vegetables, fruits, livestock products and aquatic products
Exports represented by labor-intensive agricultural products continue to maintain a rapid growth trend, mainly because the quality of agricultural products in China is constantly improving and the prices are relatively high.
Advantage. ! "In #, China's vegetable import and export trade surplus reached more than $ billion%; water
Maintain the import and export trade of fruits &; "Surplus over 1 100 million dollars. ! "Fruit Production in China".
The population is $ (#) (ten thousand tons, year-on-year increase &; () (,the export value is! ") One billion dollars,
Year-on-year growth of $)' *; The import amount is&; Ten thousand tons, up% year-on-year)+*, imports.
The amount is () (US$ billion, up&; ! )%*。
! "Land-intensive agricultural products show a trend that imports are growing faster than exports.
Potential. Among them, grain exports increased significantly, while imports decreased significantly, showing a net export pattern.
This is mainly due to the recovery of grain output in China in recent two years and the relationship between supply and demand.
Relations have improved. In terms of varieties, wheat imports dropped significantly, while corn exports increased.
The amplitude increases. At the same time, the import and export of edible oil seeds increased double, and the trade deficit widened; eat
Vegetable oil exports increased, imports decreased and trade deficit narrowed; Sugar in and out
Double growth in exports and widening trade deficit.
Based on the above analysis, we can draw the following conclusions: there were superior commodities in the past.
The export price competitiveness of agricultural products has declined; Some agricultural products that used to be exported in large quantities
Narrowing the export scope; The structure of export products has changed from land-intensive agricultural products to land-intensive agricultural products.
Give priority to the development of labor and capital-intensive agricultural products; Agriculture with export potential at present
The market development ability of products is not strong.
Second, the current problems in the international trade of agricultural products in China
# "Agricultural products are mostly primary products, with poor quality and low processing added value.
Insufficient technological innovation and lack of brand products. Agricultural production in China is family-oriented.
Location, decentralized management, leading to specialization, modernization and standardization of agricultural production.
Very low. The development level of agricultural products processing industry is still quite backward, and many links are still lacking.
In line with international standards, the product quality can not meet the requirements of the international market. Our country has a large population.
Less land and insufficient arable land per farmer lead to low production cost of agricultural products.
Tall man. Due to low product quality and processing level, China's current agricultural products are exported.
Its low-cost competitive advantage essentially depends on low-cost competition, and the added value of agricultural products is relatively high.
Low, which is not conducive to the formation of core competitiveness of agricultural export enterprises, but also limits
Give full play to the advantages of labor resources in China. At the same time, China's agricultural products technology
Low content, more traditional products, less innovative products, less research and development of new varieties and technological innovation.
The ability is not strong, and it cannot adapt to the international market and the diversified consumption demand of agricultural products.
Product manufacturers lack brand awareness and are basically not well-known in the international market.
Brand.
Although the door of agricultural products entering the international market has been opened, it does not mean that.
With the lowering of international trade threshold. Non-tariff trade barriers, especially green trade barriers.
The strengthening of barriers poses a serious threat to the export of agricultural products in China. Green trade
Barriers refer to the protection of limited resources, environment and people's health through laws and regulations.
Set a series of strict environmental standards to restrict products or services from abroad.
System. Some developed countries have turned it into a technical wall for specific purposes.
Base to restrict the entry of foreign agricultural products. At present, green trade barriers have become
Thus restricting the export of agricultural products in China and directly affecting China's agricultural structure.
The strategic adjustment of the structure, almost all labor-intensive products with comparative advantages,
Facing the restriction of green trade barriers.
% "Agricultural products export management system is not perfect, and domestic enterprises compete blindly. At present,
China government implements a multi-head management system for agricultural products export, which belongs to different departments.
Sectional management makes supervision disjointed and does not form the whole process from production to export.
Supervision mechanism, it is also difficult to establish an emergency mechanism to deal with emergencies. Small dispersion
There is a lack of cooperation between agricultural production and open market that can organize farmers.
As an organization, there is also a lack of agricultural enterprises with operational strength to participate in domestic and foreign markets.
Competition. This separation of production and trade not only harms the interests of farmers,
But also not conducive to farmers' understanding of international market information, timely adjustment of product structure and health.
Export products that meet the needs of the international market. In addition, blind competition among domestic enterprises.
The dispute has also brought many problems to China's agricultural exports, such as "tilt" in foreign trade.
"Sales" and "anti-dumping" incidents occur from time to time.
Third, development strategy.
# "Based on resource advantages, vigorously develop internationally competitive agricultural products. first
First, improve the quality and scientific content of agricultural products, adjust the agricultural industrial structure, and promote agricultural industrialization.
Develop the deep processing industry of agricultural products and realize the strategy of agricultural industrial structure as soon as possible.
Upgrade, vigorously introduce advanced processing technology and technology, and improve the output of agricultural products in China.
The processing ability and level of farmers turn the production advantage of domestic agricultural products into market competition.
Advantage. Secondly, the foreign trade structure of agricultural products needs to be further optimized. according to
In order to meet the needs of the international market, we should strengthen the investigation of foreign markets and open up sales channels.
Adjust the export varieties and proportions of agricultural products and accelerate the development and processing of organic agricultural products.
Products. From the perspective of ecological environment protection and strategic reserve of resources, resources should be controlled.
Exports of agricultural products that consume more, moderately increase imports of supplementary agricultural products, and reduce
Import of agricultural products with weak competitiveness. Third, the establishment of agricultural products export processing base, support
Holding a number of industrialized export enterprises.
$ "Actively respond to the green trade barriers of agricultural products. Legal green trade barriers
It is helpful to protect and improve the environment and realize the healthy development of international trade. From agricultural products
Vigorously develop product quality standards, certification and supervision to guide the production of agricultural products.
Green agricultural products, establish the concept of sustainable development. From product design, packaging, quality to
Environmental factors should be added in technology, safety, health, environment and other aspects to conform to the green.
Consumption requirements, while developing low-cost, high-quality, in line with international environmental protection standards.
Quasi-green agricultural products, to achieve a real green economy. At the same time, the country should complete it as soon as possible.
The residue limit standards and detection methods of good, harmful and toxic substances meet the quality of agricultural products.
The need of quality and safety management. Drawing lessons from foreign successful experience to promote the grade standard of agricultural products
Accurate, encourage the production of agricultural products with high quality and good price, and promote the healthy development of agricultural products market.
Exhibition, and gradually establish the quality of agricultural products in line with China's national conditions and international standards.
Safety standard system and test system.
"We will further reform the foreign trade system and strengthen the construction of the domestic circulation market. country
Functional departments should strengthen the research on the export strategy and international market of agricultural products in China.
To study international trade policies and relevant agricultural products information, and transmit them to farmers in time for
Adjust the agricultural industrial structure, explore the international market and provide intellectual support. The state should adopt
Practical measures should be taken to make full use of the "green box policy" in the agricultural agreement to strengthen agriculture.
Support and protect, standardize the competitive behavior of domestic agricultural export enterprises, and curb the lack of
Order competition to ensure the interests of the country and farmers. At the same time, to break the compartmentalization, local
Protection and departmental monopoly, reducing intermediate links and procedures in the circulation of agricultural products,
Reduce market transaction costs. In addition, the distribution, storage, transportation and auction of agricultural products should also be built.
And provide a reliable basis for marketing decision-making of agricultural products. agriculture
Trade associations play an important role in promoting agricultural industrialization and specialized management.
The role of. We should learn from the successful experience of foreign trade associations and gradually form a "specialty"
Ye Nong! Professional cooperation organization! Leading enterprises! The "trade association" of the agricultural industry.
Development model. Under the macro-control of the government and with the help of agricultural trade associations,
Develop China's agricultural products with comparative advantages.
Main references
(1) Xu Yuanming (China's international trade in agricultural products and development countermeasures) World economy
Economic and political forum! ""'; (
(2) Zhang Bing (Research on China's international competitiveness of agriculture and its promotion strategy)
Exploration of economic problems! ""(; $
(3) Zhuang Huilan (actively responding to green international trade barriers) Development research! ""'; $