The Sui Dynasty suffered several disastrous defeats in China, and hundreds of thousands of South Korean soldiers fell on the land of Liaodong. Up to the Tang Dynasty, down to Emperor Taizong, down to ordinary soldiers and civilians, who wouldn't want this account back? At that time, he said, "The existence of old China in Liaodong has been neglected since Wei was involved in Zhou. The Fourth Division of Sui Dynasty lost the law and returned, killing China. ..... I thought about it all night and couldn't sleep. This will be the revenge of the Chinese children! " Later, the imperial edict of North Korea was signed. Immediately, thousands of volunteers who volunteered to join the army in private asked to join the army and serve the country. These people all said, "I don't want a reward from the county magistrate, I will die in Liaodong!" " It can be seen that the top-down Tang Dynasty did not forget to recover its homeland for revenge. Liaodong can only be Liaodong in China forever, and every inch of this land is soaked with the blood of China!
The Sui Dynasty failed to levy Korea three times, and North Korea built the bones of Sui Jun's dead soldiers into a Beijing view. (In ancient wars, in order to show off his martial arts, the winner collected the bodies of his enemies and sealed them with earth to form a high mound called "Jingguan") "He was buried in Yang Shan after his death. The mountains are lofty and the sky is gloomy. There are trees in the mountains and sorrows in the state. See you in the mountains and rivers. " As soon as the cold wind blows, the thin soil on the Beijing view is blown away, and the dense bones below are immediately exposed. The so-called blood on the mountain of death is not just an adjective. The loyal souls of hundreds of thousands of martyrs are constantly shouting and calling here. China people didn't keep them waiting for long. Shortly after Li Shimin came to power, in the fifth year of Zhenguan (AD 63 1 year), he immediately sent Sima Sunchang from Guangzhou to the DPRK, which destroyed this view of Beijing and buried the bones of China soldiers one by one. This action is an obvious signal that the Tang Empire in Chang 'an has not forgotten the last territory of North Korea. South Korea naturally received this signal, so the respected South Korean King Gao Jianwu began an unprecedented big project. He spent sixteen years in Fuyu City (now Siping, Jilin Province) in the northeast, and built a Great Wall leading to the southern sea for more than a thousand miles as a barrier. As a capital against Tang Jun, the strong smell between the two countries became strong again.
Of course, destroying contemplation only shows an attitude of the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty based on Guanzhong, the focus was still on nomadic people in the west and north. After Gao Changguo was destroyed in the 15th year of Zhenguan, the Korean issue was put on the agenda.
Everything has a gradual process. Although Emperor Taizong had this idea in his heart, he didn't mean to fight if he wanted to. Sun Tzu's Art of War said: "Go to the army to seek." Before the war, diplomatic and political actions are always taken. After all, the powerful Sui Dynasty can be said to have died from the conquest of Korea, which cast a shadow on the latecomers, and even this shadow will be infinitely exaggerated or even deified. Later, the Yuan Dynasty failed to conquer Japan twice. On the contrary, because the typhoon gave Zhu Yuanzhang great psychological pressure, the Ming Dynasty was afraid to attack Japan for fear of "destiny". Of course, at this time, there were many heroes in the Tang Dynasty, and finally this so-called "fate" was broken by their own strength, but at the end of the Ming Dynasty, they could only passively defend the enemy, which reflected the great difference between opening up and closing the country.
At that time, the first step in the preparation of the Tang Empire was to send envoys to North Korea to investigate information such as topography, meteorology, hydrology and customs, and to do all the preliminary investigation work for the army to enter. So in July of the fifteenth year of Zhenguan (AD 64 1 year), Chen Dade, a staff officer, took advantage of his mission to North Korea to spy on its "Shanhaiguan". After Dade entered North Korea, he bribed local officials with silk and told them: "I am elegant and beautiful with mountains and rivers, and this is my advantage. I want to see it. " Therefore, local officials are willing to take him as a guide and show him around, "everywhere." Wherever Dade goes, he will meet many China people who stay in South Korea, that is, tell them the changes in China and the news of "whether relatives exist". On the occasion of parting, China people "cried all over the countryside." After more than a month's reconnaissance, he returned to Chang 'an on August 10, and gave a comprehensive and detailed report to Taizong on the geography of mountains and rivers in North Korea.
Gao Jianwu, korean king of the Tang Dynasty, knew his mind well. This Gao Jianwu is actually quite resourceful. While building the Great Wall as a armament, he stepped up his attack on Baekje and Silla, with the intention of eliminating all the allies of the Tang Dynasty on the Korean peninsula, so as to solve his worries. He was in Wude for two years (AD 6 19) and four years (AD 62 1). In the era of Emperor Taizong, he even presented a territory map in the fourth year of Zhenguan (AD 630), and sent Prince Huan to Korea in the fourteenth year of Zhenguan (AD 640), making great contributions. With such a few moves, the Tang Dynasty could not find any excuse to send troops. At that time, it was particularly important to pay attention to the crime of hanging people. The so-called "no way to cut", and South Korea's gesture is so low, which prevents the possibility of sending troops in the Tang Dynasty.
We have to say that Gao Jianwu's action was actually the best way to deal with the Tang Dynasty. When Gao Jianwu was young, he led 500 dead men to repel the Lesire army that entered Pyongyang. He is not a coward, but he clearly realized that China in the era of Emperor Taizong was no longer China in the era of Yang Di. Emperor Taizong's military talent was one of the most outstanding military strategists even if he looked at the whole history of China, not to mention the famous ministers in the Tang Dynasty, and the border chaos was basically eliminated. If North Korea continues to break the rules at this time,
However, although Gao Jianwu's wishful thinking has been cracked, people are not as good as heaven. He really knows the international situation like the back of his hand and has no plan. However, those who have no long-term worries will have near worries. A palace coup killed Gao Jianwu and his ministers, and the coup in eastern Korea successfully came to power.
After Su Wen came to power, North Korea's foreign policy immediately changed 180 degrees. North Korea and Baekje formed an alliance and attacked Silla with all their strength. Seeing that Silla was unable to resist and the country was about to perish, Silla could only send messengers to Tang for help. Although this story has happened many times in the Tang Dynasty, Gao Jianwu did not tell the whole story after the arrival of the envoys in the Tang Dynasty. Write an apology or something at most, so that everyone can face it. However, the right to change Su Wen is different. At that time, Emperor Taizong sent Sinon to give Li Xuan to North Korea as a reward to stop his attack on Silla. In the 18th year of Zhenguan (644), in the first month, the first prize arrived in Pyongyang, but Mosu led an army to invade Silla in the south, which had already broken its two cities. Aric Zang of Korea sent an envoy back to Beijing. After returning to Pyongyang, Gai Suwen became extremely arrogant. He told the prize that if Silla could not return the 500-mile land occupied by North Korea at the end of Sui Dynasty to North Korea, "the fear of the soldiers could not be defeated". Of course, the Xuan prize is not easy to provoke, and immediately retorted: "The past cannot be investigated! As for the cities in Liaodong, they are all counties in China, but China still doesn't say anything. Does Korea have to ask for its hometown? " At this time, Gai Suwen claimed to be the leader of the East and embarked on the road of all-round confrontation with the Tang Dynasty. Naturally, the mediation in the Tang Dynasty failed this time. Not only that, North Korea also sent envoys to Mobei to provoke the relationship between Xue Yantuo khanate and Tang Dynasty with "rich benefits", with the intention of containing the Tang Dynasty in the north. In terms of combat readiness, while strengthening the "Great Wall" built in the era of Gao Jianwu, on the one hand, it assembled troops in the vast area between Liaodong and Yalu River (now Yalu River) and Ganshan Mountain range to build military strongholds. And vigorously strengthen the defense forces of Liaodong City (to Liaoyang, Liaoning), Baiyancheng (now Liaoyang East, Liaoning), Fuyucheng (now Siping, Jilin), Xincheng (now Fushun North, Liaoning), Gaimou City (now Fushun North, Liaoning), Anshicheng (now Gaizhou Northeast, Liaoning), Kobushiro (now Fengcheng, Liaoning) and Beishacheng (now southwest of Pulandian, Liaoning).
If this kind of obvious hostility is tolerated, the ruling authority of the Tang Dynasty as the whole Greater East Asia will be seriously weakened, even collapsed, and even the pacified neighboring nationalities may repeat themselves, which is obviously intolerable to the Tang Dynasty. Coupled with the national sentiment of Li Shimin and China as a whole, they basically want to fight this war, so the war is inevitable. For North Korea, the war machine of the Tang Dynasty was running at a high speed again.
According to Yang Di's war situation, Emperor Taizong learned the lessons at that time and tried his best to avoid them. Logistics is a big problem in Yang Di's expedition to Korea. In order to solve this problem, Tang Jun carried a large number of edible cattle and sheep, so that cattle and sheep could carry luggage along the way when marching with the army, greatly reducing the burden on soldiers and state capitals along the way. In addition, the conquest of Korea did not implement the national conscription system, but adopted the method of recruiting soldiers. As a result, after the imperial edict was issued, "all those who were not allowed to join the army were angry and sighed." A total of 65438+ 10,000 soldiers have been recruited around the world, which can be described as a real volunteer army. Such an army not only has high morale and excellent quality, but also does no harm to the country. Unlike Yang Di's forced enlistment, it will cause great damage to the country's economic production, and the reduction of troops will in turn greatly reduce the pressure on the rear defense logistics and will not harm the country.
On July 20th, the eighteenth year of Zhenguan, the viceroy was released to Hong (Nanchang, Jiangxi), Rao (Jiangxi) and Jiang (Jiujiang, Jiangxi) to supervise the construction of 400 grain carriers. On July 23rd, James Zhang, the governor of Yingzhou, wrote a letter to the governor of Quiet and Yingzhou and the Khitan and H (because H was divided into many tribes at that time, some H families were controlled by the Khitan, so they attacked North Korea with the Khitan. ) and other tribal soldiers made a tentative attack on Liaodong, "to see its potential"; Wei Ting, Tai Changqing, concurrently a messenger, assistant minister Cui of the Ministry of Civil Affairs as an assistant, responsible for the transportation of grain and grass in Hebei provinces; Xiao Rui, a servant, was ordered to transport Yuzhou's salary into the sea and store it in Wuhu Island (now north and south of Shandong Huangcheng Island) in case of sending it to the water army.
In the same year 10 14, Emperor Taizong took a bus from Chang 'an to Luoyang, intending to use the method of personal expedition, leaving Prime Minister Fang, General Right-back and Minister of Industry Li Daliang to guard the capital. At the beginning of November, James Zhang, the commander-in-chief of Yingzhou, and other handsome Tang Jun entered the west bank of Liao River, which happened to be flooded and could not be crossed for a long time. Because of his fear and cowardice, Taizong recalled Luoyang in order to cure his crime. When James Zhang arrived in Luoyang, he told Emperor Taizong that the mountains and rivers along the Liaohe River were dangerous and the aquatic plants were beautiful and evil. Emperor Taizong was so happy that he went back to western Liaoning and waited to cross the river eastward. On November 14th, the 18th year of Zhenguan, XIN, the minister of punishments, was appointed as the chief marching officer of Pyongyang Road, and the governor of Shanghai (now Sichuan) was appointed as the deputy. He led 3,000 troops from Jianghuai, Lingnan, Zhangzhou, Chang 'an and Luoyang, and 500 warships crossed the sea from Laizhou to Pyongyang. Prince Zhan, Li Quan, the chief marching officer of Liaodong Road, and Li Daozong, the king of Jiangxia, rode 60,000 troops to Hu Bing and Liaodong in Lanzhou (now Gansu) and Hexi (now Linxia, Gansu) respectively. Then the two armies went hand in hand. 1 1 On October 30th, all the troops gathered in Youzhou. Emperor Taizong also sent Jiang Hangben, the chief marching officer, and craftsmen from Shaofu and Shao Qing to flood the Governor of Luoanshan to make siege equipment such as ladders and trench. At this time, countless warriors and people came from all over the world to recruit and contribute siege equipment. Emperor Taizong personally read and selected one after another. Soon, the imperial edict was issued to the world, stating five ways to win this expedition to North Korea: "First, fight against the small with the big, second, seek rebellion with the smooth, third, take chaos with the rule, fourth, wait for work with leisure, and fifth, repay grievances with joy." It is used to mobilize the people and enhance the soldiers' belief in winning. 1February 2, the land and water armies, Silla, Baekje, Xi and Qidan marched into North Korea respectively. On February 12, Emperor Taizong led the Sixth Army from Luoyang to the north, and arrived in Dingzhou on March 19, leaving the prince here to supervise the country, allowing Fang, Gao Shilian, Ma Zhou, Zhang Hangcheng and Gao Jifu to jointly assist the government, so that they could act cheaply and no longer invite. On March 24th, Emperor Taizong led the troops from Dingzhou to Liaodong. At this point, everything is ready and the horn of war has begun to blow.
There is no doubt that Tang Taizong's prior consideration was well thought out, and he was more cautious with Yang-ti's warning, but because of this, some aspects will inevitably overdo it. In terms of the number of troops, only100000 troops were sent to attack South Korea this time, but this number is obviously far from enough. North Korea was basically the largest power in Northeast China at that time, and its strength was naturally very strong. Only a hundred thousand troops went to attack, but in terms of the number of troops, they became the weak side. Moreover, North Korea is no better than the prairie khanate. As long as the army has strong combat effectiveness, it can solve everything. Korea has a large number of forts and castles. After the war, it is often an siege war, and the number of troops is often more important than combat effectiveness. Emperor Taizong sent troops this time, but because of his age, he did not take the famous Li Jing to war. Taizong's starting point is good, but I think it is obviously all wet. Li Jing can be said to be a rare all-round general in Chinese history. Almost all domestic and foreign countries have experience in plateau warfare, plain warfare, desert warfare, siege warfare, city defense warfare and water warfare, and they win every battle. Obviously, Li Jing can adapt better and play a greater role in attacking countries like North Korea. Finally, in diplomacy, Taizong underestimated the complexity of the international situation in Northeast Asia, ignoring Baekje, a country that appeared to be respectful to China, but actually concealed its own intentions. Results Baekje's performance in the back seriously hindered the overall strategy of Taizong's personal expedition.