Guevara, the father of Latin American jungle guerrilla warfare, was originally named Ernesto Guevara de la sellner. 1928 was born in June in Rosario, Argentina, into a capitalist and manor family. In Guatemala, his comrades-in-arms nicknamed Guevara "Che" because he often used the exclamation "Che". This nickname became the code name of his battle, which merged with his name.
194 1 year, Guevara entered middle school, and literature and physical education were his two favorite subjects.
1947- 1953 studied in the department of medicine of Buenos Aires national university. Determined to use medical methods to benefit mankind. In order to realize his ambition, Guevara used his vacation to go out for an investigation trip during his college years.
1949, in order to get the first-hand information about leprosy and tropical diseases, Guevara made a field trip to all parts of the country by bike and on foot. During the inspection, Guevara witnessed the poor life of Indians with his own eyes and deepened his sympathy for the oppressed.
1950, a sailor in an oil shipyard, roaming Trinidad and British Guiana.
1953 In March, 25-year-old Guevara graduated from university with excellent results and obtained a doctorate. With Guevara's achievements, he could have got an ideal job, but he decided to work in a leprosy shelter in Caracas, Venezuela. When he said goodbye to his parents at Buenos Aires station, he said meaningfully, "An American soldier said goodbye to you!" " "
1955 One night in June, Guevara met the Cuban revolutionary leader Del Castro in a small apartment in Mexico City. * * * The same ambition made them hit it off and talked about the revolutionary situation and strategy all night. At the invitation of Castro, Guevara joined the Cuban Expeditionary Force being formed and became one of the earliest members of this expedition.
1On June 8, 956, Guevara was taken into custody by the Mexican police for joining Castro's expeditionary force and held in Mexico City prison. In August of the same year, he was released from prison.
1956165438+1at 2 o'clock on the morning of October 25th, 82 members of the Cuban Expeditionary Force quietly boarded the dilapidated yacht Granma in the port of Tuspan in the Gulf of Mexico and slowly set off for Cuba. Guevara was excited at the thought of entering a revolutionary storm. He and Castro led everyone to sing the Cuban national anthem and Praise July 26th. After 77 nights of wandering, they finally arrived at a place called Belleek on the beach of Colorado in southeastern Cuba. I didn't expect to be attacked by Batista's government forces as soon as I landed. As a result, 70 of the 82 expedition members were killed. As a team doctor, Guevara saved lives in battle. In the process of breaking through, Guevara's asthma recurred and he was injured in the battle. With tenacious perseverance, he resisted the torture of illness and pain, and together with Castro, he led the rest of the troops out of the tight encirclement and moved to the mountainous Maestra mountains to create a guerrilla base.
1957 65438+1October 14, the guerrillas won their first great victory at the mouth of the La Plata River. Soon, the guerrillas reached an agreement with a six-member command group, the General Staff, of which Guevara was a member. On May 28th, Guevara took part in the famous battle of Uviro. On June 5, he was appointed commander of the second column (later renamed the fourth column). There are 75 people in the column, and there are 3 platoons under its jurisdiction, which is equivalent to a company. In July, Guevara was awarded the highest rank of the rebels-major. Since then, he personally commanded the battles of Buesito and Umbrito, and worked closely with Castro to drive the government troops out of the Mestlera base. 1958 in may, the guerrillas turned to counterattack. Guevara was ordered to lead the 8th column of "Ciro Lei Dongduo", break through the blockade of government forces and advance to Las villars, the central province of Cuba. In late February of 65438+, Guevara led the 8th column to attack Santa Clara, the capital and strategic town of Las villars. After several days of bloody fighting, this heavily guarded city with a population of 1 50,000 was liberated on June1959+1October1day. The war shocked Cuba, Batista was forced to resign as president, and the dictatorship was scattered. Guevara became famous. Subsequently, Guevara took advantage of the victory and marched westward, and captured the capital Havana in one fell swoop on June 4, 1959+65438. For a time, Guevara became a legend in Cuba and even in Central America, and was known as the "most powerful guerrilla commander and guerrilla master" in the Cuban uprising army.
1959 On February 9, the Cuban government declared Guevara a Cuban citizen, and since then he has been given a very high honor and status. Guevara used to be director of Cuba's National Agrarian Reform Commission, governor of the National Bank, minister of industry and secretary of the secretariat of the National Committee of Cuban Revolutionary Organizations. In his view, the revolution has not yet been completed, and most countries in Latin America, including his motherland, are still ruled by dictators.
1960 On February 9th, I attended the opening ceremony of the exhibition of scientific and cultural achievements of the Soviet Union held in Havana, and met mikoyan for the first time. In May, Che's book Guerrilla War was published in Havana. 65438+1October 22nd-65438+February 9th, led a Cuban economic delegation to visit China, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. 1 65438+1October18-65438+February1During his visit to China, he was received by President Mao Zedong of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Prime Minister Zhou Enlai of the State Council and Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Chen Yi.
196 1 On February 23rd, he was appointed Minister of Industry and member of the Central Planning Commission, which was also led by him soon. On April 17, mercenaries invaded Geelong Beach. He is now in command of troops stationed in Chanadrio province. On June 2, an economic agreement was signed with the Soviet Union. In August, he represented Cuba at the special session of the Pan-American Social and Economic Council held in Punta del Este, Uruguay. At the meeting, the purpose of establishing the "progressive alliance" in the United States was revealed. He visited Argentina and Brazil and held talks with President Frondizi and President Cuadros.
1962 was appointed as a leading member of the state on March 8, and 12 was appointed as the secretary of the Secretariat of the Revolutionary Unity Organization and a member of the Economic Committee on March 2. On April 15, he spoke at the meeting of the Cuban Workers' Union in Havana, calling for a socialist labor competition. From August 27th to September 3rd, he led a Cuban party and government delegation to visit Moscow. After visiting Moscow, I visited Czechoslovakia. From the second half of 10 to the beginning of10, he was responsible for leading the troops in pinar del rio province.
1963 In May, due to the reorganization of the Revolutionary Unity Organization into the Cuban Socialist Revolutionary Unity Party, Che was appointed as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and a secretary of the Secretariat. In July, he led a government delegation to visit Algeria to celebrate the first anniversary of its independence.
196565438+10-March, visited China, Mali, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, Ghana, Dahomey, Tanzania, Egypt and Algeria; Participated in the second session of the Asian-African Solidarity Organization in Algeria. On February 3rd, the delegation of Cuban Socialist Revolutionary Unity Party arrived in Beijing and was warmly welcomed by General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Deng Xiaoping and Beijing Mayor Peng Zhen. On February 9, after his visit to China, Deng Xiaoping and Peng Zhen saw him off at the airport again. Return to Havana on March 14. On March 15, he reported his trip abroad to the staff of the Ministry of Industry, which was his last public speech in Cuba. April 1, for Fidel. Castro wrote a farewell letter. Resign from all positions, ranks and ranks inside and outside the Party. In order to avoid implicating Cuba, he also gave up Cuban citizenship. He was puzzled and disappointed by the single Soviet model and worried about the future of socialism, because he found that many revolutionaries lost their former spirit in luxury cars and the arms of beautiful female secretaries. Therefore, in order to maintain the perfect image of revolutionaries, he can only choose to fight and choose the gorgeous ending of phoenix nirvana. 654381October 3, Castro read Ernesto Guevara's farewell letter at the inaugural meeting of the Central Committee in communist party, Cuba.
1In June, 965, Guevara led a Cuban guerrilla group consisting of 125 people, and went to Kinshasa, Congo (now Zaire) in Africa under the pseudonym of "Commander Tatu" to command the rebels there, hoping to establish a "new Cuba" in the heart of Africa. However, the rebels led by Guevara suffered many setbacks. Guevara thought it was not suitable to establish a guerrilla center here, so he withdrew the Cuban guerrillas. Guevara decided to establish a guerrilla center in Niacahuasu, Bolivia. Ni Acava Su is located in a canyon surrounded by steep mountains in Santa Cruz province. Guevara is prepared to take this as the center.
1966165438+17 October, Guevara assumed the alias "Ramon" and disguised himself as a bald Uruguayan businessman with glasses. He flew from Montevideo to La Paz, the capital of Bolivia, via Sao Paulo, Brazil.
1On March 22nd, 967, Ernesto Guevara led the guerrilla (Bolivian National Liberation Army) to start military operations under the pseudonym Ramon. On April 17, Ernesto Guevara's letter to the people of the world through a conference on three continents was published in Havana. On July 29th, the inaugural meeting of the Latin American Solidarity Organization opened in Havana. At the suggestion of many delegations, the Presidium of the Congress announced the symbolic establishment of "Latin America" and "Dear Guerrilla Ernesto". Major Ernesto Guevara is an honorary citizen of our motherland-Latin America ". 1in August, 967, due to the traitor's informer, the secret warehouse of the guerrillas was destroyed and the communication network in the city was also destroyed. On August 3 1 day, the guerrillas broke through in two ways. When Joaquin's team was crossing the Masikuri River, it was attacked by Bolivian government forces and was completely annihilated. 17 Guerrillas in Guevara's northern collar are surrounded by Juro Canyon. At 65438+1 on the afternoon of October 81point, Guevara led the guerrillas down the canyon to prepare for the breakthrough. That night, Guevara was unfortunately shot in the leg. A guerrilla dragged him from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain. When he was burying his head in dressing the wound, the Bolivian government forces pointed their guns at him. "I am Ernesto Guevara," Guevara said quietly. ? The news of Guevara's arrest spread like lightning to Bolivia's highest authorities and the Central Intelligence Agency. At dawn the next day, the commander of Bolivia's armed forces personally arrived at the scene by helicopter, confirmed that the captured person was Guevara, and interrogated him. Guevara has long put his life and death at risk and refused to answer any questions. ? The trial yielded nothing. Finally, the interrogator asked, "What are you thinking now?" Guevara replied firmly: "I am thinking that the revolution is immortal."
1967101On the afternoon of 9 October, the interrogators saw that they could not get any confession from Guevara, so they shot the 39-year-old Guevara. ? The CIA has long regarded Guevara as a threat and sent agents to hunt him down many times. After Guevara was killed, the western camp cheered, cut off the hands of the martyrs and transported them to the US Southern Command in Panama to "identify themselves".
No matter today or in the future, as long as there is oppression, exploitation and injustice in the world, people who know and admire Guevara will still make the same voice: live!
If Ernesto Guevara could live today, he would be 76 years old. But he is always young, not only because he died young, but also because he died of romantic ideals. This famous rebel in the modern world has the largest fan club in the world. Even today, 38 years after his death, he still tries his best to do his duty for every opposition movement. Without a T-shirt with Guevara's head on it, there would be no anti-war workers' rally, and without the flag of Ernesto Guevara, there would be no large-scale demonstrations. Ernesto Guevara's strong religious color is making him a representative of all kinds of idealism.
For decades, his most famous portrait of the 20th century, with a pair of distant eyes, stared at the growth and aging of generations of young people. Those middle-aged people who were inspired by Ernesto Guevara's eyes can only sigh in shame at his portrait, or laugh at the passion of all young people out of jealousy, because we are all white-haired, and Ernesto Guevara is still so proud. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
1928 June 14? Ernesto Guevara was born in Rosario, the third largest city in Argentina. His parents are both noble families in Argentina, with superior conditions and open mind, deeply influenced by democratic ideas. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
1937 Guevara is 9 years old, and it is difficult to go to primary school for three years. He became interested in the Spanish Civil War. In his bedroom, he posted a map of Spain, marking the new trend of the war at any time. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
The little girl whose children looked up at him was Guevara's sister Anna Maria. She worshipped her sick brother since she was a child. Guevara is catching a perfect baseball. This seemingly elaborate picture was captured by his father Lynch. His photography technology enabled him to leave many precious images of early soldiers for history. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
Guevara has always regarded Chichina as a strong spiritual attachment on his journey. Like any fragile young man, Guevara couldn't stand the days when love was not around. Although this young man who has been longing for the world left a puppy named "Come back", obviously, his love did not come back. 195110/On October 20th, Guevara wrote to Chichina on the trip, saying that "your blue eyes are shining with charming brilliance, which made me intoxicated all my life". Soon after, Chichina's eyes closed. This brave young man obviously can't accept this fact. But the pain did not last long. The adventure and fresh world on the road changed his position and he surrendered to his new life. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
Guevara has a special relationship with his children. He had five children in his life. He seldom spends time with children, but he is as natural as all fathers in the world. He called his daughter Hilda "the most beautiful flower of love". Although he has only been with the mother of the flower of love for a few years. Little Hilda left her mother and lived in a new home jointly built by Guevara and Aleida. His sadness was natural and clear. Therefore, compared with other caring children, little Hilda is Guevara's favorite one. When he left Cuba, he wrote her a special letter: "I wrote this letter to you today, but it will take you a long time to receive it." But I want you to know that I have been thinking about you. I think you can always be proud of your father just as I am proud of you. "...-from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
1On June 2nd, 959, Guevara married his second wife, Aleida. Castro is their witness. Due to his busy work, Castro left the scene after their marriage certificate was signed and before the newlyweds cut the wedding cake. Aleida has fair skin and a happy face. It is a great honor to marry a man in a revolutionary military uniform. At that time, the olive-green military uniform had become a special symbol of the Cuban army. The wedding was held at Alberto's home. After the wedding, I got on the bus with a big cigar in my mouth and took the bride home. Happy Aleida showed her white teeth. ? 65438+1October 2 1, Hilda came to Havana with her daughter, and the husband and wife met, and Guevara frankly fell in love with someone else. Hilda collapsed. On May 22nd, the two divorced. On June 2nd, at Castro's suggestion, Guevara married Aleida. In a photo of their wedding, people saw Guevara and Aleida playing games like a pair of naive playmates. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
Guevara was a genius at reading. Even on the March, he will be immersed in noble books. Think about it, except for a rifle, Desperate Guerrilla is emil ludwig's biography of Goethe. He has read this book for a long time. Every time he reads a paragraph, he writes his imagination and experience in that famous diary. Of course, this sometimes makes him not like a soldier, but like his unfinished motorcycle trip, only now he is walking in the mountains with a mule on the eve of the revolution. Occasionally sick, like a patient. Smoking cigars and reading Goethe's biography are like a real poet. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
The ribbon on Guevara's chest is not an ornament. His arm was injured in the war, which added a sad side to his rough and legendary image. But this tough guy seems to be dismissive of this. He only left his injured arm there for a few days, and then released his left hand. He needs his left hand. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
After being the minister of industry, the car was obviously busier. His pockets are always full of all kinds of things, sometimes a pen and sometimes a document. He has a long cigar in his hand, just like a signboard. This is a portrait of Guevara taken by Salas at a rally. This way of holding the microphone was later imitated by western rock musicians. Of course, for cars, revolution is a limited rock event. It's just that he didn't like this kind of music that was popular in America at that time. Although there are countless rock musicians behind him who are proud of him and idolize him. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
An English female historian thinks Guevara is a heartless person. He doesn't love his children and the people he loves. He only loves his revolution because he ran away from home. Forty years later, when Hilda is constantly asked about this topic, she will show this photo taken by Koda to the public. Anyone who has seen this picture will find the questioner ridiculous. Guevara was born a kind father. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
China's official records show that he and Mao Zedong discussed the close relationship between China tea and his favorite taste of yerba mate. Mao also said: "Hey, now I can probably conclude that you are the youngest bank president in the world." Heart is the hair of the world, obviously considerate of the reception. He arranged for Li Xiannian, then Minister of Finance, to meet him. Mao's meaning is clear: "When we just won the revolutionary victory, we were also short of financial talents. The China Revolution lasted for 22 years. Later, more attention was paid to training all kinds of cadres. However, the manpower we train is never enough. So, we have to catch a soldier to take care of the money. Facts have proved that our approach is not wrong.
Li Xiannian and Che had similar experiences. Guevara seems to be encouraged by this.
Of course, the greatest victory was the signing of a communique symbolizing the friendship between the two socialist countries. At the same time, it also made a business worth 60 million dollars. Of course, Guevara believes that "the goods we sell to Greater China can be said to be large in quantity first, and then sweet." This is the richest and most beautiful crystal in Cuba-sugar. "
Of course, he not only made a deal, but also set off a general upsurge in China. He met almost all the important generals and legends in China at that time, and also met the ancient city. Of course, his trip to China was a great success. He even gave Mao Zedong a book about guerrilla warfare. It is said that Mao Zedong also gave him a signed booklet about guerrilla warfare. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
The meeting of two guerrilla masters seems to herald the beginning of an era. As early as when Guevara knew Hilda, he began to know Mao Zedong. This far-away oriental great man has a very important position in Guevara's heart. This tough guy didn't come to China for the first time on purpose, but his Indian experience made him determined to come to China. When he was in India, he asked Nehru if he had read Mao Zedong's books. China and India were at odds, and the Prime Minister just replied, "I'm glad to see that you like these apples." Guevara had only a vague impression of China on the other side of the Indian border. But soon, it froze? For Castro, no incumbent official can match the fame of the car, and no official can attract such great interest from the news media. Guevara's diplomatic mission began in June1960+1October 2 1. This trip is to socialist countries, including China. 165438+ 10/7, his special plane landed in Beijing. Zhou Enlai received the young man. At the banquet, I sincerely proposed to Zhou in French: I hope to see the president.
1 19 10/0/9, Guevara met with Mao Zedong in Zhongnanhai. When the tall old man saw the car, it was too nervous to speak. Mao Zedong greeted him in Xiang dialect: "Hey, you are so young." . -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
Guevara, the legendary hero of the Cuban revolution, wore a black beret, and his curly beard and long hair set off his eyes, staring at the distance with deep eyes. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
In the "missile crisis" incident, Cubans lost, and in this game that determines Cuba's fate, Cubans have always been deceived. Guevara even gave a speech to his people, saying that "our people are prepared to sacrifice themselves under the atomic bomb and use their ashes to lay the foundation of a new society", but Khrushchev, the initiator of the missile program, betrayed them. Castro and Guevara were still discussing how to defend Cuba when they heard the news that the Soviet Union and the United States had reached an agreement on the radio. Hearing the news, both of them felt cheated. Castro smashed a mirror with one punch. In a rage, Guevara accidentally dropped his pistol and hurt himself. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
The shooting ignited seven cigars. This kind of hard shooting is no easier than fighting. At the same time, he has to accept that he uses different poses to satisfy photographers. This person who only appears obedient in front of ideals seems to have a natural awe of the camera. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
Guevara mused, his eyes drifting into the invisible distance. On the wall is Jose Marti, Guevara's favorite character. . -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
Guevara and His Children —— Excerpted from Ernesto Guevara's Photo Biography
1In August, 967, Che and his comrades suffered the most difficult month. He described this unforgettable day in his diary: "It was a bad day for me. I felt dizzy when we climbed to the top of the mountain after we set off. From then on, I walked by willpower. " -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
The military police in the picture are manipulating their victory in front of a dead man. Just a few hours after the Bolivian military authorities invited reporters, Guevara's hands, which can still be seen in the picture, will be cut off by the CIA. A more insidious suggestion is General Ziongdiya, who thinks that if you want to submit enough evidence to Havana to prove Guevara's identity, all you have to do is cut off Guevara's head. This proposal was rejected. CIA agents obviously think that one finger is enough. So, after Guevara's body was displayed in humiliation, his hands were cut off. Then Interior Minister Gudas secretly managed to take these two hands to Cuba on microfilm. The minister's reason is that he was moved by the hero. He needs to finish it before he calms down. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.
In March, Guevara's army was completely surrounded. His troops numbered 48, while the enemy troops numbered 2000. Guevara's best soldiers and friends were killed in the battle. -from Ernesto Guevara's biography.