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Han Yu, return the word. His ancestral home is Heyang, Henan Province (now mengzhou city, Henan Province), and the county belongs to Changli. He often called himself "Changli Hanyu", and later generations also called Han Changli. In his later years, the official department waited for Lang, also known as the Korean official department. After his death, posthumous title was called Wen, so people regarded him as Han Wengong.
He was born in Tang Daizong for three years (768), and his mother died only two months after he was born. At the age of three, my father died again. As an orphan, he must be raised by his eldest brother Han Hui and his sister-in-law. I began to study hard at the age of seven. At the age of twelve, he went to Lingnan with his brother and sister-in-law for the first time because Han would be demoted to the secretariat of Shaozhou. Soon, my brother Han will die of illness and have to take his widowed sister-in-law to Yang. At the age of thirteen, he was able to write articles under the famous Du and Liang Su. He studied the ancient method of mind, studied hundreds of classics, and began to develop Confucianism and Taoism, advocating the ancient thoughts. While reading, I pay attention to the rise and fall of chaos in ancient and modern times, and set up lofty aspirations in politics.
In the second year of Tang Zhenyuan (786), Han Yu was nineteen years old. He went to Beijing to take the Jinshi exam with the ambition of learning, and failed three times in a row. It was not until the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792) that he passed the fourth Jinshi exam. According to the law of the Tang Dynasty, after being admitted to Jinshi, you must also take the erudition and macro-speech examination of the official department. Han Yu participated in the official election three times and failed. I wrote three letters to the prime minister, but I didn't get a reply; Those who have been in power for three times have been turned away.
In July of the twelfth year of Zhenyuan (796), Han Yu was twenty-nine years old and was recommended by Dong Jin as an observation and promotion officer of Xuanwu Army. This is the beginning of Han Yu's political career. During his three-year inspection and promotion, Han Yu instructed Li Ao, Zhang Ji and other young people to study literature, and made use of every opportunity to publicize his innovative ideas in prose.
In the winter of the sixteenth year of Zhenyuan, Han Yu was the fourth examiner and passed the official election in the second year (80 1). Answering Li Yishu, written during this period, expounded his thought of closely combining the ancient prose movement with the Confucian retro movement, which was the representative work of Han Yu's advocacy of the ancient prose movement. At the end of autumn this year, Han Yu was thirty-four years old and was appointed as a doctor of imperial academy No.4 University, which was the beginning of Han Yu's entry into the government agencies in Beijing. During his tenure as a doctor in four schools, he actively recommended young writers, dared to be a teacher and widely taught his disciples, and was called "the son of the Han family". In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), he wrote a famous book "Teacher's Theory", which was systematically put forward by Han Yu.
In the winter of the nineteenth year of Zhenyuan, Han Yu was promoted to supervise the empire. He has only been in office for two months. In order to sympathize with the people's feelings and be loyal to his duties, he wrote "On the Hunger of the Famine". Because of being slandered by the powerful minister, he was demoted to the Yangshan order of Lianzhou. Han Yu worked in Yangshanling for three years, went deep into the people, participated in the farming, fishing and hunting activities of the mountain people, and loved the people, benefited the government, was polite and civilized. Therefore, the book "New Tang Book Han Yuchuan" is "Love the people, and people's livelihood is named after their surnames." When Yangshan took office, a large number of young people went to the door of Han Yu's house to discuss poetry with young students, and their works were quite rich. Today, Changli has more than 20 ancient poems and several articles. In particular, the original Tao, which was conceived and written at this time, constitutes an important sinology work of "Five Sources", which is the forerunner of Neo-Confucianism in Tang and Song Dynasties and has a great influence on theoretical achievements.
In the summer and autumn of the 21st year of Zhenyuan (805), Han Yu left Yangshan, and in August, he joined the army in Jiangling.
In June of the first year of Yuanhe (806), Han Yufeng recalled Chang 'an and officially authorized the doctor to run the country. In the third year of Yuanhe (808), Han Yu changed to a real doctor. In the fourth year of Yuanhe, Han Yu changed Yuan Wailang, the official position of the capital, to the capital and the ancestral temple. In the winter of the same year, he was demoted to Yu Ling, and later served as Fang Yuanwai Lang and Dr. Guo Zi.
In the eighth year of Yuanhe (8 13), he was promoted to Bibi Langzhong History Museum, and completed the compilation of the famous history book A Record of Shunzong.
In the ninth year of Yuanhe (8 14), Han Yu was appointed as the doctor of Kao Gong, and in the second year he was promoted to the position of the official of Zhongshu. In the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), he assisted Pei Du, the prime minister, to pacify Huai rebellion as a marching Sima, and was awarded assistant minister of punishments for his meritorious service.
In the 14th year of Yuanhe (8 19), Tang Xianzong sent an envoy to Fengxiang to welcome Buddha bones, and the capital once set off a Buddhist frenzy. Regardless of his personal safety, Han Yu resolutely wrote a book on the Buddha's bone table, denouncing the unreliability of the Buddha's bone and demanding that the Buddha's bone be "thrown into fire and water, immortal, break the suspicion of the world and confuse future generations." When Xian Zong got the watch, Yan Long was furious and sentenced him to death. Fortunately, Prime Minister Pei Du and the DPRK ministers tried their best to intercede, so that they would not die and be relegated to the history of Chaozhou punishment. Han Yu spent eight months as a criminal in Chaozhou. Generally speaking, he drove away crocodiles and killed people. Ask teachers to run township schools; Pay off debts and release slaves; Leading the people, building water conservancy and irrigation and drainage. For thousands of years, Chaozhou has become a regional culture with individual characteristics, and Chaozhou has become a state of etiquette and a famous cultural city!
In September of the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (820), Han Yu ordered him to propose a toast to the whole country. In July of the first year of Changqing (82 1), Han Yu was transferred to assistant minister of the Ministry of War. In the second year, he took risks and went to the town to comfort the disorderly army. He was known in history as "the commander-in-chief of the three armies", and he made peace with one soldier and one pawn, putting down the chaos in the town and state. In September, he served as assistant minister of the official department.
In June of the third year of Changqing (823), Han Yu was promoted to a native of Beijing and an ancient scholar. The land of Jingzhao is said to be complicated and difficult to manage. Under the rectification of Han Yu, the society is stable, thieves stop, and rice prices dare not go up. Later, he was successively transferred to the Ministry of War Assistant Minister and the Ministry Assistant Minister.
In the fourth year of Changqing, Han Yu asked for leave due to illness. 1February 2, Han Yu died in Chang 'an at the age of 57.
Throughout Han Yu's life, his greatest achievement is literature. He is the head coach of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and the head of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, rated Han Yu as China's "Mount Tai", "Beidou" and "a scholar of one hundred generations".
One of Han Yu's longest and most complete works in his life is education; The position has changed, rewarding future generations and supporting young students have never stopped. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, there were countless literati, but Han Yu's knowledge was widely circulated. This "sinology phenomenon" is a unique landscape in China's rich and colorful ancient culture.
What Han Yu pursues diligently is to revive Confucianism. Facing the prosperity of Buddhism and Taoism in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu deeply felt the heavy responsibility of Taoism, and wrote "Wuyuan", which systematically expounded Taoism and reformed Confucianism, laid a theoretical foundation for the establishment of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties, and was another great achievement in the history of thought.
Although Han Yu's career was bumpy all his life, he made great achievements even when he was a local official. As for the six important posts appointed to the three central provinces, he played his talents and made outstanding achievements in the four departments of etiquette, official, punishment and military. He made great achievements in the Tang Dynasty and went down in history.
Han Yu was a great writer, thinker and educator in the Tang Dynasty, with outstanding achievements in his life. Yangshan was changed by Han Yu's appointment as Yangshan, which is a remote small county town and attracts worldwide attention. Han Yu started from Yangshan and went to the glory of his life because he was appointed as Yangshan. Mr. Zhang Qinghua, President of Hanyu Research Association of Tang Literature Society, put it well: "Hanyu changed Yangshan, and Yangshan created Hanyu." ("Xi' an Fang Ling")