Group A (suitable for candidates in the first stage of curriculum reform)

First, multiple-choice questions (30 points in total, 2 points for each small question. There is only one correct option for each question. )

1. In the long river of history, there are always some historical facts that have stood the test of time and have lasting significance and become symbols guiding the direction of historical development. The following can best reflect the above meaning.

A. Qin unified the six countries B. Guangxu Zhongxing

C. the unification of the western Jin dynasty D. the prosperity of kaiyuan

2. In recent years, an ancient tomb was found in a certain place, and a bronze Fang Ding with jade face and flat feet was unearthed 5,000 years ago, and the inner wall of Fang Ding was engraved with Xiao Zhuan. The age of this tomb, the following speculation is correct.

A. According to the age of Jade Face Man, it should be matriarchal clan period.

B. Bronze ware is the symbol of Shang Dynasty, so it should be in Shang Dynasty.

C bronze inscriptions appeared in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, probably in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

D. Literally, the owner of the tomb should be from the Qin Dynasty at the earliest.

3. "Xunzi Confucianism" records: "(Duke Zhou) ruled the world at the same time, establishing 7 1 country, and Ji lived alone with 53 people." It can be seen that the kinship with the same surname is the main body of the Western Zhou Dynasty. When these kindred with the same surname are sealed, Zhou Wang will give them.

A.b. Land and cattle industry

C. Land and population D. Population and iron plow

Zhu Zhenheng was an outstanding physician in Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Although he studied medicine late, he finally achieved great success, mainly because he devoted himself to studying the classics regarded as "medical Sect" by later generations-

A. Huangdi Neijing B. Tang herbal medicine

C. compendium of prescription materia medica

5. Zhuge Liang analyzed in Longzhong Dui: "Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao has a small name and few people. However, Cao defeated Shao and defeated the strong with the weak. It is both a good time and a human harmony. " The key battle of Cao Cao's "Ke Shao" is

A. Battle of Julu B. Battle of Guandu

C. Battle of Red Cliffs D. Battle of Surabaya

6. After Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to Luoyang, the statue of Buddha in Longmen Grottoes gradually showed Chinese style.

This reflects

A. The introduction of Buddhism B. Territorial expansion

C.d. national unity

7. The German philosopher Kant introduced the Grand Canal in China in his dictation entitled "China": "From Guangzhou to Beijing, it is unique in the world in terms of its length." In fact, the beginning and end of the Grand Canal should be

A. Beijing to Guangzhou B. Yangzhou to Hangzhou

C. From Beijing to Hangzhou

8. "Yuan won the world, and its vast territory, rich sea tanks and magnificent military and material resources are all too Han and Tang dynasties." Among the following options, which can best reflect the "all rivers run into the sea" in the Yuan Dynasty is

A. Wang Dayuan went to sea with the merchant ship. B. Zhongshu Province governs the national government affairs.

C. Kyle Borozan is very successful. Establish a city to manage overseas trade.

9. "You know Macau is not my real name. I've been away from you for too long, mom ... "The poet tells the humiliating history of western colonialists occupying our territory after16th century. In the combination of the following historical elements, reflecting the occupation of the first territory is

① Taiwan Province Province ② Macau ③ Hong Kong ④ Britain ⑥ Netherlands ⑥ Portugal ⑥1624 ⑧1840 ⑨1553.

A.①⑤⑦ B.②⑤⑨

C.②⑥⑨ D.③④⑧

10. After the "Glorious Revolution", the British Parliament passed a document with a constitutional nature, which restricted the power of the king, established the supreme power of the parliament, and laid the foundation for the British constitutional monarchy. This document is

A. Bill of Rights b. 1787 Constitution

C. The Declaration of Human Rights D. The Napoleonic Code

11.1One day in 693, Tsar Peter I was determined to make Russia face the west and become a maritime power. After that, he carried out drastic reforms. The contents of Peter I's reform are as follows

A. Encouraging commodity imports B. Promoting civilian education

C. Abolish serfdom D. Establish a new navy

12. Hu Shi said in a letter 1923: "In the past 25 years, only three magazines can represent three eras, which can be said to have created three new eras: one is the era; One is Xinmin Cong Bao; The first is "New Youth". " Hu Shi's "three times" is

A. Xinhai Revolution, National Protection Movement and New Culture Movement B. The Reform Movement of 1898, Xinhai Revolution and National Protection Movement

C. The Reform Movement of 1898, the Revolution of 1911, and the New Culture Movement D. The Reform Movement of 1898, the Movement of Protecting the Country, and the Movement of Protecting the Law

13. Recently, the Hoover Institute of Stanford University published 19 17 to 193 1, which attracted the attention of scholars from all over the world. The events that may be involved in Chiang Kai-shek's diary are

A. participate in the northern expedition. Reject Zhang He's protest.

C. Organizing the Battle of Songhu and D. Attending the Cairo Conference

14.193611In June, the Kuomintang authorities arrested patriotic democrat Shen Junru and others for "endangering the people", which is known as the "Seven Gentlemen Incident". Seven gentlemen organized themselves before they were arrested.

A. Shanghai Federation of Industry and Commerce B. Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Forces

C. Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Coalition D. National Salvation Association from all walks of life

15. In May 2006, US Vice President Cheney made a speech criticizing the current situation in Russia. After the speech, critics thought Cheney had started the second wave of "Cold War". Therefore, the symbol of the first wave of "cold war" in full swing is

A. Churchill's Fulton Speech B. Truman's State of the Union Address

C. Marshall Plan for the Renaissance of Europe; De Gaulle's Inaugural Address

2. Brief explanation and question and answer (total 15 points)

Leibniz,16.17th century German philosopher, was full of enthusiasm for China culture, and once asked 30 questions about China to missionaries in China. If you answered the following three questions, how would you answer them? (7 points)

(1) What are the important achievements of Chinese mathematicians? (2 points)

(2) What are the famous construction projects in China? (2 points)

(3) From the daily life of Chinese people, list several comfortable lifestyles that Europeans can learn from. (3 points)

17. 1789 The French Revolution is an epoch-making event in human history, which historians call the "Great Revolution". Read the material and answer the questions. (8 points)

Material 1: Before the revolution broke out, Sieres published a Bible pamphlet "What is the third grade? In the book, he shouted: "What is the third grade? This is everything. "(1) Why did Ciales make such a cry? (2 points)

Material 2:1789 July 14, the people of Paris captured the Bastille. When Louis XIV's servant reported this to him, the king was surprised and asked, "Isn't this a rebellion?" The liegeman replied, "no, your majesty, this is a revolution."

(2) Why is this a "revolution"? (3 points)

Material 3: Louis XVI read the works of enlightenment thinkers in prison and sighed: "Voltaire and Rousseau destroyed France!" "

(3) Why did Voltaire and Rousseau destroy France? (3 points)

(See FAQ for other questions)

Group b (candidates suitable for the second phase of curriculum reform)

First, multiple-choice questions (30 points in total, 2 points for each small question. There is only one correct option for each question. )

1. Civilization and its significance can only be highlighted in a long historical period. Standing today, the most decisive step is to review the transformation process of human beings from early wandering to settled life.

A.b. Housing construction

C. Pottery making D. Animal husbandry

2. Observing the pictures, the following statements about Greek and Roman sculpture art are accurate.

(1) lifelike and perfect; (2) contains the spirit of Christianity.

③ Reflect the ethereal freehand brushwork style ④ The latter is deeply influenced by the former.

A.①② B.②③

C.①④ D.③④

3. In 745 AD, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wrote a letter: "Persian Confucian Classics came from Daqin (the Eastern Roman Empire), spread to Xi Zhi and traveled to China. He built the temple first because he thought it was famous. " The Confucian classics (Nestorianism) mentioned in the imperial edict belong to

A. Taoism B. Buddhism

C.d. Christianity

4. 1860, the English and French allied forces plundered the manuscripts of women's historical proverbs in the Eastern Jin Dynasty from China, which are now hidden in the earliest national museum in modern times and become the "treasure of the town hall" of the museum. This museum is

A. Riyabo College in Alexandria B. British Museum

C. Louvre Metropolitan Museum

At the critical moment when France was invaded by the British, Joan of Arc stepped forward and called on the people to fight bravely and drive away the British. Joan of Arc's feat promoted the formation of French national consciousness. This war between Britain and France

A. Crusades B. wars of the roses

C. Hundred Years' War and Thirty Years' War

6. Rousseau wrote in Emile that women should work at home and never go to public meetings where they need to speak ... Is there anything more touching and respectful in the world than a mother who keeps her house in order? This shows that Rousseau is against women.

A. Right to education B. Right to work

C. Fighting for personal freedom D. Enjoy the right to political participation

7. "He Zhong citizens involved in property litigation in China port should be handled by their consulates and other officials ... China officials are not allowed to ask." This provision of the Wang Xia Treaty violates the relevant norms of international relations and was first made by

A. grouse show B. Locke

C. Montesquieu clausewitz

8. In the century from 13 to 14, the population of Europe dropped sharply from 73 million to 45 million, and some people described it as "all Europe" to "empty Europe". The main reasons for this situation are

A.b. Agricultural production reduction

C. War damage D. Plague is rampant

9. After Pope Gregory Ⅶ succeeded to the throne, he issued a pardon: the Roman Catholic Church was established by God alone, and only the Pope can appoint and dismiss bishops. If someone accepts the position of bishop from the secular world, the Vatican will not recognize it. This reflects

A. religious power is higher than royal power. B. kingship and religious power are equal.

C. kingship is higher than religious power D. Religious power and kingship do not interfere with each other.

At the height of the war, a pamphlet sold well in Britain. After it spread out, people were excited about "the purpose of this social security system is to eliminate poverty" mentioned in the book, and believed that they would enjoy these rights after the war. This booklet is

A. Elizabethan Poverty Alleviation Act B. Sickness Insurance Act

C. Social Insurance Law D. Beveridge Report

Belfo, an Englishman, put forward a report in 1966 that all British dominions were "equal in status" ... and joined together voluntarily as members of the Commonwealth. 193 1 year, the British Parliament passed this report, which marked the transformation of the British Empire into the Commonwealth. The reason for this change is that

A. The end of World War I B. The rise of national liberation movement and autonomy movement

C. London's position as a financial center has been challenged.

12. "I want to tell you that you all have the same magic weapon, and that is freedom." This is1the idea of making a constitution put forward by a Japanese thinker in the 1970s. However, the Great Japanese Empire Act promulgated by 1889 did not reflect this idea at all, and the Constitution still stipulated that,

A. The House of Lords has legislative power. B. The House of Representatives has legislative power.

C. the emperor enjoys legislative power. D. The Cabinet enjoys legislative power.

13. Writer Zhang Ailing said in an essay in senior three that "history" can provide countless great and beautiful stories for comics. If you want to provide material for the comic book "Kanggan Times with Prosperous Culture", what you need to choose should be

① Summer Resort ② Daoguang ③ Military Department ④ Dream of Red Mansions.

⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤

A.①②⑥⑧ B.②③⑤⑧

C.①④⑤⑦ D.①④⑤⑧

14.1892165438+10. In October, two American college students came to China by bike, and Li Hongzhang met them in Tianjin. When they meet, they may talk about the following topics

A. Formation and training of Beiyang Navy B. Progress of Sino-Japanese naval battle in the Yellow Sea

C. What courses does Shi Jing University offer?

15. The following table reflects 1950 and 1954 the population of different classes in rural areas of China and their proportion of land. The reasons for this change are as follows.

1950 (%) 1954 (%)

Proportion of population, land, population and land.

Poor and middle peasants 85.5 45.2 92.1.91.4

Rich peasants and landlords 14.5 54.8 7.9 8.6

A. Agricultural cooperative movement B. Land reform has been completed

C. People's Commune Movement D. Implementation of "fixing production quotas to households"

2. Brief explanation and question and answer (total 15 points)

16. In the process of the development of human civilization, civilizations in different regions have been formed, resulting in distinctive legal systems. Look at the picture below and answer the questions. (7 points)

(1) Write the legal system names of the two areas A and B in the figure. (2 points)

(2) Montesquieu proposed in "On the Spirit of Law" that the people's feelings, customs and folk customs of a country determine the legal characteristics of this country. What are the characteristics of China's traditional legal system? What is the ideological and cultural background that determines the characteristics of this legal system? (2 points)

(3) How to understand the disintegration of China's traditional legal system? How did the disintegration of China's legal system affect the legal system construction in China in the future? (3 points)

17. "If there were more land in the world, they would get there." Poet Camons.

The historical roots of the division between the north and the south and the disparity between the rich and the poor in the modern world can be traced back to centuries after about AD 1500. In these centuries, western explorers and bourgeoisie have traveled all over the world, closely linking isolated areas and gradually forming a world market. The formation of the world market has both positive and negative aspects, especially for Asian, African and Latin American countries, which, as an Egyptian reporter said, are trapped in a tight encirclement.

Question: (8 points)

(1) What does "north-south split" mean? Why can it be traced back to 1500 years? (3 points)

(2) How was the world market formed from the middle of18th century to the second half of19th century? What are the positive effects? (3 points)

(3) In the process of the formation of the world market, the "besieged" Asian countries made different responses in the19th century. Please summarize two different types of reactions. (2 points)

(See FAQ for other questions)

Common part

First, multiple-choice questions (30 points in total, 2 points for each small question. There is only one correct option for each question. )

18. In historical research, due to different positions and viewpoints, people often have different interpretations of historical events, such as the incident about Columbus's voyage to the West: in the past, Europeans always took Europe as the center to understand; Native Americans look at problems from their own perspective; Under the guidance of today's global historical view, people have a new understanding. The arrangement that can correctly reflect the above statement is:

A. Europe/discovery, America/civilization encounter, global view of history/infringement

B. Europe/civilization encounter, America/invasion, global view of history/discovery

C Europe/invasion, America/discovery, global view of history/encounter of civilizations

D Europe/discovery, America/invasion, global view of history/encounter of civilizations

19. No matter learning or studying history, it is inseparable from the collection and screening of materials. It can be proved that iron is easy to smelt.

Oxygen is the most abundant element in the earth's crust, but iron is the most abundant element in middle earth.

B Ordinary artisans can use hand blowers to reduce ironmaking at low temperature in a small mud furnace.

C in ancient times, the better steels were wrought iron in China and Indian steel for Damascus knives.

D The iron originally used is the natural iron in meteorites, which needs to be hammered by heating, but it is too rare.

20. In ancient China, "the slender loess that is easy to cultivate, the monsoon that can bring abundant rainfall, and the Yellow River that sometimes floods the earth are the three major factors that affect the fate of China. They directly or indirectly urged China to adopt a centralized bureaucracy. " The economic basis for maintaining this centralization is

A.b. Tenant economy

C. Manor economy D. Commodity economy

2 1. Cai Yuanpei praised an ancient thinker in China's ethical history for "advocating civil rights, but Confucius failed to do so" because he clearly put forward the idea that "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the least". This thinker is

A. Grandson B. Mencius

C. Dong Zhongshu Ding Zhu

22. As early as the pre-Qin period, the regional differences of China culture were very obvious. As far as literature is concerned, the north pays attention to reasoning and the south tends to be lyrical. For example, Qu Yuan, a poet, used a lot of mythological materials to describe the magical and magnificent realm, giving people a strong aesthetic pleasure and living in.

A. Zhongyuan B. Qilu

C.trudy.d.bashu

23. Liu Zongyuan said in "On Feudalism": "Qin won the world, for the city and the county, for the defense. ..... is also the reason. " This sentence refers to

A. Implementing the system of enfeoffment B. Establishing the system of counties and counties

C. Abolish the county system D. Abolish the provincial system

24. Sima Qian said in the book "Reporting Ren 'an": "Collect 130 old news, test it, and test its success or failure." This "article 130" came later.

A. The Book of Songs B. Spring and Autumn Annals

C. Historical Records D. Zi Zhi Tong Jian

25. Gu Jiegang recalled that when he was a child, his grandfather took him out and saw an archway, an archway and a bridge. He had to tell him their history and then let him arrange it in historical order, which gave him a basic sense of history. According to Gu Jiegang's point of view, the following options are correct.

A.①②③④ B.②④①③

C.③②④① D.④②①③

26./kloc-In the first half of the 0/9th century, there was a popular saying in Europe: "Steam is British." The accurate understanding of this sentence is

At that time, people who used steam engines were all British, and machines powered by steam were all invented in Britain.

At that time, steam engines were widely used in Britain. The appearance of the steam engine is a symbol of the British industrial revolution.

A.①② B.①③

C.②④ D.③④

27. 187 1 year 1 month 18, the ruins after the overthrow of the Napoleon II empire.

In fact, in the carnival to celebrate the victory, in the magnificent mirror hall of Versailles,

William I was declared emperor of the German Empire. William I can be in the mirror room.

At the coronation ceremony, celebrate the victory because of the surplus.

A. Battle of Vormus

B. Puao War

C. Franco-Prussian War

D. Napoleonic wars

28. Ye Shengtao wrote in his diary: "After class, I read the newspaper and saw a cloud in my column: Wuchang has been occupied by the revolutionary party, and a new army has risen accordingly ... Since then, the evil government has been overthrown, which is unknown." The "evil government" in the diary refers to

A. Qing government B. Nanjing provisional government

C. Beiyang government D. Nanjing national government

29. An American journalist praised: Every revolution has its own legend. Mao Zedong led tens of thousands of Red Army workers and peasants to complete the strategic shift, which is a great legend in the revolutionary history of China. By "great legend", he means

A. Autumn Harvest Uprising B. Jinggangshan Joining Forces

C. The fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" D. The Long March

30. 1950 On New Year's Eve, Shanghai Xinmin Daily reported: "Chairman Mao and Marshal Stalin brought us Chinese New Year gifts to teach our people to be happy on New Year's Eve." The "gift" in this article refers to

A.CPSU will send representatives to Xibaipo to sign the Sino-Soviet treaty of friendship, alliance and mutual assistance.

C. The Soviet Union supported China to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea D. The Soviet Union assisted China in implementing the first five-year plan.

31.1989110 Shortly after the Berlin Wall opened in October, the East German border guards came to the wall with a child in their arms to let him have a look at the city landscape of West Berlin. This scene reflects

A. The formation of bipolar pattern B. The emergence of two Germans

C. the reunification of Germany is in sight D. the end of the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union

Visitors express their opinions while watching the Japanese calligraphy work On the Screen of Music. Among the following statements, the most consistent with historical facts is

A: This calligraphy work should be the earliest in Japan.

B: Judging from the pen and ink of calligraphy, Japanese calligraphy was deeply influenced by China.

Cultural influence.

C: As far as I know, Japanese calligraphy developed independently.

Yes

D: This is a work of19th century. I think Japanese calligraphy should

It was handed down by the adherents of the late Ming Dynasty.

Motion Picture Association of America.

China Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

Two. Brief explanation and question and answer (45 points in total)

Now there is a new media form "mobile newspaper", that is, reading news through mobile phones. The picture on the left is the creative advertisement of "Mobile Newspaper". Look at the picture and answer the questions. (7 points)

What are the characteristics and features of the symbols on the A surface in the (1) diagram? ( 1)

(2) What times do the two sides of pictures A and B symbolize respectively? (2 points)

(3) From the initial creation of writing symbols to the use of electronic media, information dissemination has undergone tremendous changes in the long changes of the times. Please take an important invention in history as an example to explain how it promoted the change of information dissemination. (2 points)

(4) What kind of historical connotation do you think advertising designers convey by linking the two? (2 points)

34.1The Declaration of Independence adopted on July 4, 776 declared the independence of the United States. The declaration said: We hold this truth to be self-evident: all men are born equal and are endowed with certain inalienable rights by the creator, including the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. In order to protect these rights, a government has been established among the people, and the legitimate power of the government comes from the consent of the ruled. No matter what form of government ignores this goal, the people have the right to change it or abolish it and establish a new government. The new government should take the principle of best safeguarding people's safety and happiness, and organize its power organs in a form consistent with this principle. Marx called the Declaration of Independence "the first declaration of human rights" in human history.

Question: (8 points)

(1) Combined with material analysis, is the British rule in North America "legal"? Explain why. (2 points)

(2) What does "the legitimate power of the government" mean? After independence, what is the "legal power of the government" of the United States? (2 points)

(3) A century after independence, did the American government guarantee that "all men are created equal"? Why? (2 points)

(4) What is the significance of the basic principles put forward in the Declaration of Independence for the United States to become a modern country? (2 points)

35. Read the material and answer the questions. (6 points)

Material 1: If we Europeans don't want to go downhill in a fundamentally changed world ... the EU is absolutely necessary. -Federal Chancellor Adenauer.

(1) Why did Adenauer say that "the EU is absolutely necessary"? Combined with the international situation after World War II, talk about my own understanding. (2 points)

Material 2: GDP growth figures of major European countries after World War II (unit: billion US dollars)

(2) According to the above figure, it points out the general situation of economic changes in relevant countries in the process of European integration. (2 points)

(3) At present, Europe has made great achievements in economic integration and is developing in the direction of "striving to make Europe a political force, an economic, social and cultural force". What enlightenment has the European union brought to the world today? (2 points)

36. Since the founding of New China, the people of China have been exploring the road of socialist construction. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Deng Xiaoping led the people of China to reform the economic system and establish a socialist market economic system, which achieved a historic turning point in socialist construction. Question: (6 points)

(1) List two major events or initiatives in the process of establishing a socialist market economy in China. (2 points)

(2) What are the reasons for China's economic restructuring? (2 points)

(3) What impact has the establishment of the socialist market economic system brought to the development of China? (2 points)

37. Climate change will affect human activities and historical processes to some extent. The following Schematic Diagram of Temperature Change Curve in China in Recent Five Thousand Years visually reproduces the temperature change process in China from 3000 BC to AD 1950. Look at the pictures, read the materials and answer the questions. (8 points)

(1) The "comparative baseline" in the above figure is the modern annual average temperature in China. When the average temperature curve of the previous year is above the baseline, it is called "warm period". When it is below the baseline, it is called "cold period". How many warm periods did China's climate change go through from 3000 BC to 1800? ( 1)

(2) As shown in the above figure, although the Qin and Han Dynasties were in a warmer period in the climate history, compared with the previous period, the temperature changes showed a slow downward trend. With the continuous strengthening of this trend, the ecology of nomadic areas in the north began to deteriorate, natural disasters occurred year after year, and nomadic people began to go south. Excuse me, which nomads went south during this period? What effect did their migration to the south have? (4 points)

(3) In the long run, climate change affects people's activities, and people's production and life also affect the climate and environment. Try to cite the historical facts of the influence of industrial civilization on climate and environment since modern times. (3 points)

38. A research group from a middle school discussed the history of Wentong Museum. They chose diaries, memoirs and writings of later generations. Read the material and answer the questions. (10)

Material 1: "there are many ghosts, which makes the small court set up a library with the same language;" The military plane road is long and its Xiu Yuan is awkward, attracting disciples to worship different classes as teachers. " ("Li Qing Ci Ming: Diary of Yue Maotang")

Material 2: "Wentong Pavilion was established in the first year of Tongzhi (1862). At first, library science only had English and French. ..... Wentong Museum was established, but no students were enrolled, because the atmosphere was not open and no one wanted to go in. Everyone thinks that learning a foreign language is a drop in the bucket abroad. " (Qi Rushan: Memoirs of Qi Rushan)

Material 3: "There are not many students in Wentong Museum. Only 10 students enrolled in 1862, which was later increased to 30 students. At most, there are only 150 students. 190 1 year, the museum was merged into Shi Jing University Hall. ..... Wentong Library is completely managed by regular schools, where students learn not only foreign languages, but also Chinese and natural sciences. Strict academic system, graduated in eight years. ..... The examination system is also very strict, monthly, quarterly, annual and once every three years. ..... On the whole, as the earliest modern school in China, Wentong Museum's pioneering role in opening a generation of ethos cannot be underestimated. " (Li Xisuo: "The earliest foreign language school in China-Wentong Pavilion", contained in "A Random Talk on China Customs". )

(1) Which is the original material, material 2 or material 3? ( 1)

(2) What kind of attitude does the first document reflect? What was the situation of Wentong Museum at that time? Combined with the materials, the analysis shows that

The social background of this situation. (4 points)

(3) According to the above materials, write a brief introduction about Tongwenguan for the research group. (5 points)

Three, material analysis and demonstration questions (30 points)

39. According to the knowledge learned and the materials mastered, write a short historical essay on the topic of "The road to national prosperity from the perspective of civilization".

You can choose different angles such as politics, economy, thought and culture; You can also choose a country or a certain time period, an event, etc.

Requirements:

1. The article must focus on the theme and draw up a subtitle.

2. Arguments should be supported by materials and need to have their own conclusions.

3. The level of discussion is clear and the text is fluent.

4. List the references related to the article.