The history of China entered the late feudal society, and the painting art became more mature and complete, especially in the Song Dynasty, which became the heyday of ancient painting in China. Scholars regard painting and calligraphy as an elegant spiritual activity and cultural accomplishment, put forward distinct aesthetic standards for painting, and began to form a unique system in creation and theory. The painting creations of society, court and literati have their own characteristics and influence each other, which makes the painting in Song Dynasty show diversified development in content, form and technique. Compared with the Tang Dynasty, the theme of painting in the Song Dynasty has been greatly expanded. Although the religious temple murals in figure paintings still have a certain scale, especially Taoist paintings have developed due to the advocacy of Taoism in the Song Dynasty, the grotto art has obviously declined, and the contents depicting life images and lively scenes in temple murals occupy an important position to satisfy the public's interests. On the basis of the Tang and Five Dynasties, landscape painting developed in breadth and depth, and many famous teachers and masters emerged, which became models for later generations. Historical figure painting is very popular in this era. But character story painting and genre painting have been highly developed. Portrait painting has become popular in society. In addition to images of Buddhist scriptures, prints are also used in classic and historical works, such as scientific and technological books such as Biography of the Martyr and Building French Style, as well as illustrations of atlas and painting spectrum such as Plum Blossom and Western Shenpu, and a single print has appeared. In particular, engraving the New Year pictures required for the New Year Festival has made printmaking popular among the people.