1, the characteristics of the Battle of Songhu

The Battle of Songhu was the first large-scale battle between China and Japan in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and it was also the largest and most tragic battle in the whole Sino-Japanese war.

2. Overview of the Battle of Songhu

The Battle of Songhu (also known as the August 13th Battle, the second Shanghai Incident in Japan) was the first large-scale battle between War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China and Japan, and it was also the largest and most tragic battle in the whole Sino-Japanese war.

The battle of Songhu began in August 1937 13. After the Lugouqiao Incident, Chiang Kai-shek took the initiative to fight back in Shanghai in order to change the direction of Japanese invasion from north to south to east and west for a long time. About 654.38+0000 troops from China and Japan went into battle, and the battle itself lasted for three months. The Japanese army invested more than 200,000 people in 8 divisions and 2 brigades, and announced more than 40,000 casualties. China's army invested more than 800,000 people in the most elite Central Teaching Corps, 87th Division, 88th Division,148th Division and 62nd Brigade, and counted 300,000 casualties by itself.

Second, the Taiyuan campaign

1, characteristics of Taiyuan campaign

Taiyuan campaign is a large-scale strategic defense campaign.

2. Overview of Taiyuan Campaign

The Battle of Taiyuan (65438+September 0937-65438+1October 065438) was a large-scale strategic defensive battle between the troops of the 2nd Theater of China and the Japanese North China Army in the northern, eastern and central parts of Shanxi Province after the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. This is the first large-scale battle between China and Japan in North China. Taiyuan campaign mainly includes Pingxingguan Campaign, Xinkou Campaign, Niangziguan Campaign, Taiyuan Defence Campaign, etc. ?

The battle of Taiyuan, which lasted for two months, was the largest, fiercest, longest-lasting and most striking battle in North China at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War. The total strength of the Japanese army in the war was about four and a half divisions * * * 1.4 million, with nearly 30,000 casualties. China's army participated in the war with a total strength of 6 group armies and 52 divisions (brigades) totaling more than 280,000 people, with 65,438+10,000 casualties. The final battle ended in the defeat of China, and the regular war of the National Revolutionary Army in North China came to an end.

Third, Xuzhou Battle

1, Xuzhou Battle Characteristics

Xuzhou Battle was a large-scale defensive war between China and Japan during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period.

2. Overview of Xuzhou Battle

Xuzhou Battle was a large-scale defensive battle between China and Japan in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, centering on Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, in the railway areas of Tianjin-Pukou and Longhai (Baoji-Lianyungang). The Taierzhuang War between March and April of 65438 and 0938 was the most famous, and it was called the great victory of Taierzhuang in history because it surrounded more than 10,000 Japanese troops. Xuzhou Battle dealt a great blow to the Japanese army, greatly delayed the pace of Japanese attack, and bought time for China to deploy Wuhan Battle.

Fourth, the battle of Wuhan

1, Characteristics of Wuhan Battle

Wuhan Battle is the largest, longest and most enemy-wiped battle in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's strategic defense stage.

2. Overview of Wuhan Battle

The Battle of Wuhan was a battle between China army and Japanese invaders in Wuhan during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. From June of the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938) to June of 10, China's 5th and 9th war zones were launched in the periphery of Wuhan along the north and south banks of the Yangtze River, covering the vast areas of Anhui, Henan, Jiangxi and Hubei provinces. It was the largest, longest and most enemy-wiped battle in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's strategic defense stage? .

In this war, China's army fought bloody battles for hundreds of times and wiped out more than 257,000 Japanese troops at the expense of more than 400,000 casualties, which greatly consumed the effective strength of the Japanese army. Although the Japanese army captured Wuhan, its strategic attempt to force the national government to yield and end the war was not realized. Since then, China and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression have entered the stage of strategic stalemate.

Extended data

Evaluation of Wuhan Battle;

In the Wuhan Battle, the officers and men of China were brave and tenacious on the whole. They killed and injured the Japanese in large numbers, which dealt a heavy blow to them. However, due to the improper operational guidance of the top decision-making level and some senior generals, they consumed the enemy and consumed themselves too much (according to the statistics of the Central Military Commission, 254,628 soldiers were killed, plus more than 400,000 wounded). The main reason is that they are just defensive positions in the battle, fighting with the Japanese.

China is a vast country, and the Japanese army can avoid our positions and facilities, but the usual tactic of the Japanese army is to encircle them in a roundabout way. Even from the point of view of position defense, there are shortcomings and mistakes in operational guidance: the troops are scattered, the defensive battle is carried out in a continuous front line, the troops are used one after another, and there is a lack of strong strategic reserve corps;

In battle, he is often in a passive position and follows the actions of the enemy everywhere. Many measures are similar to "digging meat to mend sores"; In terms of command system, it is greatly influenced by personnel relations. Many troops are deployed not according to operational needs, but according to factions and qualifications, and their positions are not suitable for their own troops, resulting in the disadvantages of "the house is off the shelf and the bed is stacked"; The orders and reports of the CMC are transmitted to the divisions of the basic strategic units, which must pass through the five levels of war zone, corps, group army, legion and army, which will inevitably delay the fighters.

At that time, Chen Cheng, the commander of the Ninth Theater, wrote the lessons of the Wuhan Campaign in his personal memory, which was more real. He thinks:

"(1) the guiding plan should change according to the situation of each period, but if it changes frequently, it will make the combat troops unable to follow it. The supreme commander of this campaign has this disadvantage.

(2) The guiding plan should be concerned with the current situation and strength of the troops, especially on the basic principles of protracted war. It seems that we should think ahead, otherwise it will be difficult to track the enemy everywhere and carry out tentative disposal of the battle.

For example, Wuhan's retirement time was originally scheduled for the end of August, and later changed to September 18, and then changed to the end of September and Double Tenth Festival. Until 10 year 10 20th, the leader was still in Wuhan. As a result, Pojun, who had been fighting for several months, had to struggle on the Jinniu and Baoan lines, so that the transfer could not be carried out as planned in the future and fell into a rout.

(3) Troops without training can never fight. This time, the tomb base collapsed at the sight of the enemy, affecting the overall battle, and countless more.

(4) Give the enemy good equipment to lure him to the mountain for decisive battle. As soon as I got to the mountain, it was difficult for the enemy's advantage to be brought into play, and the result was comparable to mine, so I came back full of energy and succeeded. Such as the battle of Wanjialing. "

Baidu Encyclopedia-Battle of Songhu

Baidu Encyclopedia-Battle of Taiyuan

Baidu Encyclopedia-Xuzhou Battle

Baidu Encyclopedia-Wuhan Battle