1.20 thousand years ago, humans planted rice here, and Hunan ancestors began to settle here 5000 years ago.
Hunan was the land of Sanmiao, Baipu and Yangyue (a branch of Baiyue) in primitive society. According to archaeological excavations in Ningxiang County, Anxiang County, Jinshi County, Lixian County, Daoxian County and Heping County, there were human activities in the Paleolithic Age in Hunan 400,000 years ago, and rice was planted as early as 1 10,000 years ago. As early as 5,000 years ago in the Neolithic Age, Hunan ancestors began to settle down.
Hunan was the southern border of Jingzhou in Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it belonged to Cangwu County and Dongting County of Chu State.
Qin Shihuang set up two counties in central Guizhou and Changsha;
In the early Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to Changsha, and after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it belonged to Jingzhou Secretariat, which governed Wuling County, Guiyang County, Lingling County and Changsha County.
During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to Jingzhou, the State of Wu, located in Zhaoling County, and was the five counties in southern Jingnan.
In the Western Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Jingzhou and Guangzhou. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Jingzhou, Xiangzhou and Jiangzhou.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Qi Liang belonged to Xiangzhou, Yunzhou and a small part of Jingzhou, while in the Southern Dynasty, Chen belonged to Jingzhou and Yuanzhou.
In the ninth year of Emperor Gaozu (589), Chen Jianli, Pingnan, unified China, and established eight counties in Hunan, including Changsha, Wuling, Yuanling, Liyang, Baling, Hengshan, Guiyang and Lingling.
In 733, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty belonged to Shannan East Road, Jiangnan West Road, Guizhou Middle Road and Guizhou Middle Road. In 764, Tang Daizong Guangde set up Hunan Observer in Hengzhou, and since then it has been named "Hunan" in the history of chinese administrative division.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Ma Yin established Chu State from Hunan with Changsha as its capital.
In the Song Dynasty, the whole country divided its roads, and there were government, state, army and prison under the roads, each of which governed several counties.
Hunan belongs to Jinghu South Road and Jinghu North Road.
The Yuan Dynasty practiced the system of provincial administration.
Hunan is a Huguang province, which is divided into three states: Yuezhou Road, Changde Road, Lizhou Road, Chenzhou Road, Yuanzhou Road, Jingzhou Road, Tianlin Road, Hengzhou Road, Daozhou Road, Yongzhou Road, Chenzhou Road, Baoqing Road, Wugang Road, Guiyang Road, Chaling State, Leiyang State and Changning State.
The Yuan Dynasty * * * still practiced the chieftain system in today's minority settlements in western Hunan, and there were more than 10 long lawsuits or barbarian lawsuits, which were under the jurisdiction of the military and civilian appeasement departments of Sizhou, Xingtian Geman and Yongshun in Sichuan Province respectively.
In the Ming dynasty, the provinces set up foreign ministries, which were later changed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The provincial government (state) has counties and implements a three-level system of province, state and county.
Hunan is subordinate to the political department of Huguang, and has jurisdiction over 7 states, 2 prefectures and 2 divisions in Hunan: Yuezhou Prefecture, Changsha Prefecture, Changde Prefecture, Hengzhou Prefecture, Yongzhou Prefecture, Baoqing Prefecture, Chenzhou Prefecture, Chenzhou, Jingzhou, Yongshun Military and Civilian Propaganda Department and Baojing Prefecture Military and Civilian Propaganda Department.
In the Qing Dynasty, the local government implemented a four-level system of provinces, prefectures (Zhili Hall and Zhili Prefecture) and counties (scattered halls and scattered prefectures).
In the third year of Kangxi, Hu Guang was appointed as the judge, and Hu Guang's right ambassador and the governor of the partial hospital all moved to Changsha.
Huguang province is divided into north and south, and Hunan is an independent province.
Changsha, Hengzhou, Yongzhou, Baoqing, Chenzhou, Changde, Yuezhou, Chenzhou and Jingzhou are directly under the jurisdiction of the Governor of the Partial Hospital.
In the second year of Yongzheng, the remote governor was renamed the governor of Hunan.
During the Republic of China, Hunan abolished the government, department and state, and retained the provincial and county levels.
In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), there were four roads in the province: Xiangjiang, Hengyang, Chen Yuan and Wuling.
1 1 (1922) year, the orthodoxy was abolished and only the provincial and county levels were retained.
In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937)65438+ February, the administrative supervision department was generally established, and Hunan Province was divided into nine districts. 1938, Hunan province was reorganized into 10 administrative supervision area; 1940 In April, Hunan Province was reorganized into 10 administrative supervision area, each administrative supervision area governed 6- 10 county, and two provincial cities, Changsha (1933) and Hengyang (1943), were established.
In 38 years of the Republic of China (1949), before the whole country retreated to Taiwan Province province, there were 2 cities in Hunan province, 10 administrative supervision areas and 77 counties, and Hunan province was stationed in Changsha.
In addition, during the revolutionary civil war, from1August 1927 to1July 1937, under the leadership of * * * in China, Pingjiang, Liuyang, Liling, Yueyang, Linxiang, Xiangyin, Changsha, Lingxian, Chaling, Youxian and Chenxian in Hunan Province,
* * * In the provincial Soviet area, there is 1930, and the Soviet Union of Hunan Province was established on July 30th. 1930 10 In June, the Soviet Union in western Hunan and Hubei was established. 193 1 in July, the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Soviet was established (later changed to the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Soviet of workers, peasants and soldiers); 193 1 year1year, the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet was founded * * *; 1934, 1 1 Establish the Revolutionary Committee of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou, all of which exercise the functions of provincial revolutionary regime.
After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Changsha (1949) and Zhuzhou (1956) were initially established, which governed seven districts of Changsha, Hengyang, Chenxian, Changde, Yiyang, Shaoyang and Yongzhou, Xiangxi administrative district and three districts of Yongshun, Yuanling and Huitong.
At the end of 2002, * * * in Hunan Province was planned to be divided into 14 regions (13 prefecture-level cities, 1 autonomous prefecture), 122 county-level administrative regions including 34 municipal districts, 16 county-level cities, 65 counties and 7 counties.
Many important historical events took place in modern Hunan.
1852, Zeng Guofan was ordered to form the Xiang Army in Hunan to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
1898, Hunan was the only province that supported the Reform Movement of 1898.
1899 and 1904, Yueyang and Changsha were successively opened as commercial ports, while Changde and Xiangtan were added as "destination ports".
1903, Huang Xing founded Huaxing Hui and became one of the main founders of the Alliance and * * * *.
1926- 1927, during the Northern Expedition, the peasant movement in Hunan was the most powerful, and the number of members of peasant associations grew to 6 million.
1936, Guangdong-Han railway was opened to traffic.
During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's period, China's army fought several extremely bitter battles with the Japanese army in Hunan, including Changsha Battle, Hengyang Battle and Changde Battle.