Sichuan dulcimer China Sichuan Qu. It was formed in the Qing dynasty and Qianlong period. All over Chengdu, Chongqing and other large and medium-sized cities. By Guangxu period, the number of artists had exceeded 100, and they were divided into two groups: Nanshe and Beishe. Nanpai opera is gorgeous, delicate and soft; Northern school workers are steady and bold, and are good at narration. 1925, Yan Chenke Society Charity Hall recruited blind people to learn to sing, which was called Tangpai. The song is beautiful and full of charm. It is closely related to Sichuan Opera, which practices singing skills based on dulcimer singing. Dulcimer is the main musical instrument, which is called the three major pieces together with Jinghu and Sanxian, and the five parties together with bowl harp and drum board. The traditional form of performance is usually several people sitting and singing, with different colors such as raw, Dan, clean, tail, ugly and miscellaneous. Traditional plays are rich, and Huang Jian, a late Qing opera writer, is especially praised for writing this book.

Master overview

Sichuan Quzhong. Originated in Chengdu, spread in Chengdu, Chongqing and other large and medium-sized cities. Rumor has it that

It was gradually formed during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. By Guangxu period, there were more than 100 artists, which were divided into "Southern Society" and "Northern Society". Nanpai opera is gorgeous, delicate and soft, and is good at expressing feelings and depicting the inner activities of characters; The northern school is simple, steady and bold, good at narration and sings a lot of big songs. 1925, Yan Chen Society's "Charity Hall" recruited blind people to learn singing, trained a group of artists with artistic achievements, and formed a unique style called "Tangpai". Li Liansheng is a famous artist of Southern School. After 1930s, dulcimer became more and more popular, and famous artists such as Li Decai (stage name Dewazi), Yi Dequan, Guo Jingzhi, Liao, Kan, Hong Fengci, Zhang and Zhuo Qinchi appeared. In addition to professional artists, there are also amateur dulcimer lovers in Chengdu, who have made contributions to dictionary research, typo correction, singing research and so on. Sichuan dulcimer is known as an elegant and mellow orchid with its beautiful singing and rich charm. It is closely related to Sichuan Opera in art, and often draws lessons from and absorbs from each other. Many famous actors in Sichuan Opera love the dulcimer, and when teaching apprentices, dulcimer singing is regarded as one of the basic courses to practice singing. The singing structure of Sichuan dulcimer can be divided into two categories: major and polyphony. The major is plate variable structure, which is widely used; Yuediao is a combination structure of Qupai, which is lyrical. Dulcimer is good at setting off the atmosphere, and can play a variety of musical images such as wind and rain, thunder and lightning, waves, etc., with strong expressive force. Dulcimer is the main accompaniment instrument, which is called "three major pieces" with Jinghu and Sanxian, and "five sides" with bowls, bowls and drums. In addition, accompaniment instruments include erhu and Huai drum, and flute, Ruan and cello can be added according to the needs of the plot. The traditional form of performance is usually a few people sitting and singing, with different colors, such as longevity, beauty, purity, tail, ugliness and miscellaneous.

Edit this traditional track

Take a combination of narrative and endorsement. Except that there are professional artists at the beginning and end of each paragraph.

And insert a few lyrics in the middle of the paragraph to explain the characters, plot or environment in the third person. The main lyrics and chanting are the first-person language of the characters. The tracks are divided into two categories: big version and single fold. Big Ben also performs in stages for about half an hour at a time. Big Ben has many programs, such as The Three Kingdoms, The Bulletin of the Nations, Pipa, The Legend of the White Snake, The Jade Hairpin, The White Rabbit, The Pavilion of Qingfeng and The Jade Dragonfly. Huang Jian, a playwright in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote some dulcimer books, such as Guiluji, Black Lake, Mulan Joining the Army and Fisherman's Sword, which are called "Yellow Books". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the dulcimer in Sichuan has been revived and developed, attracting actresses, developing forms such as performing singing and solo singing from multiple angles by one person, and creating modern tracks such as Jiang Jie in Prison, Seeing the Sword, Riverside of Qingxi and Visiting Family.

Edit the main features of this paragraph.

Sichuan dulcimer is also called "Sichuan piano book". Popular performance forms in eastern Sichuan, western Sichuan and Sichuan.

The southern region has a history of about 200 years. In the form of performance, several people used to sit and sing, each with a musical instrument, mainly dulcimer, but also drums, Huai drums, Sanxian, Jinghu and Erhu. Give priority to singing, supplemented by speaking. Actors rap in different roles, such as life, Dan, quietness and ugliness. Now there are also forms of leading role standing and supporting role sitting. Music can be divided into three categories: major, Yuediao and instrumental brands. Major belongs to plate cavity structure and is the main melody. It is based on one word, and consists of one word, one word fast, one word slow, second rate, three plates, big cavity and rudder. In the early days, it was called "Yugu dulcimer" and "Drum dulcimer", which was named because dulcimer was the main accompaniment instrument in performance. People's Republic of China (PRC) was renamed after its founding. Mainly popular in Chengdu, Chongqing, Luzhou, Zigong and other cities. It was formed in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty (1736-1820). During the Daoguang period (182 1 year-1850), dulcimer artists in Chengdu had organized the Huang San Guild, and regularly met and sang in teahouses. 1925 dulcimer class was opened in Chengdu to recruit artistic children to learn dulcimer, which was the earliest dulcimer class in Sichuan.

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Yugu dulcimer is named after playing dulcimer as the main accompaniment instrument. dulcimer

People's Republic of China (PRC) was renamed after its founding. Mainly popular in Chengdu, Chongqing, Luzhou, Zigong and other cities. It was formed in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty (1736-1820). The way of performance is that five people sit and sing, the dulcimer is in the middle of the front row, the small three strings are on the left, the drum, the board and the bangzi each occupy one person, and the Jinghu and the erhu are in the back row. The actor plays and sings by himself, and speaks in plain English. Female roles are often played by men, singing falsetto. A male character is a combination of true and false voices. Actors are divided into life, Dan, end and ugliness, and their voices have their own characteristics. The actress has a special way to moisten her voice. The lyrics are similar to the opera script, 7 words, 10 words. Music is divided into provinces and States. The provincial tune spreads in the western Sichuan plain with Chengdu as the center, and the state tune is distributed in parts of southern Sichuan, eastern Sichuan and northern Sichuan. There are more than 300 traditional tracks, most of which are based on historical stories, such as Huarong Road, Qingfeng Pavilion, Capture Saburo alive, Qiu Jiang and so on.

Edit this Sichuan Quyi

The dulcimer in Sichuan began to spread in Chengdu and Chongqing during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

Mainly named after the dulcimer as an accompaniment instrument, it is known as "sitting on the ground to express love". Sichuan dulcimer absorbs the advantages of Sichuan opera and unvoiced music, and through singing and speaking, it integrates narrative, lyricism and drama to show the drama plot in different levels. In the late Qing Dynasty, dulcimer was sung by three people, and later it was usually sung by five people. They are divided into five roles: health, Dan, clean, late and ugly. They operate the dulcimer, the drum board, the small huqin, the bowl-bowl harp and the sanxian respectively, and accompany them while singing. ? Zhu Qin in Sichuan, also known as Daoqin (Love), was originally an ancient art advocated by Taoist priests. Singing with bamboo drums, simple wooden boards and chimes was called Zhu Qin in the early years of the Republic of China. Generally, an artist sings alone, and there are four or five people singing in groups. Zhu Qin is very popular throughout Sichuan. During 19 14, Liangping and Jiangbei counties also held two "Zhu Qin Conferences", and experts from all over the country gathered to perform, which made a sensation. ? Sichuan photo album, also known as the next-door play. When performing, set a height of about 1? Six to two? 3 meters, about 0? In an 8-meter-long tent, an artist puts himself in the tent, imitates various sounds with ventriloquism and props such as folding fans, bronze bells and lotus blossoms, describes the environment, and plays several roles, talks with each other and unfolds stories. The audience listened through the account, as if they were there. His performance is quite humorous. It is called a funny photo album, and there is something in it. ? Yin Qing in Sichuan, also known as singing ditty, pipa or Qin Yue, evolved from the folk songs in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. The singer is mostly one person, playing the board with his left hand and the bamboo drum with his right hand. The main accompaniment instrument is Qin Yue, and the accompanist sometimes answers a few words. ? Sichuan Golden Money Board, also known as Golden Sword Board and Three Talents Board, is mostly sung by a single person, mainly by singing. Its props are only three bamboo boards, and it pays attention to the skills of playing boards. It is necessary to play the grandeur of thousands of troops and horses, as well as the euphemism of flowing water. ? Sichuan storytelling, which focuses on speaking, has been popular all over Sichuan since the Ming Dynasty. Artists use props such as tables, wake-up logs, folding fans and pillars to attract audiences with words, and some performances are performed. Most of its performance venues are teahouses, and listeners can listen to books while drinking tea.

Edit the source of this dulcimer.

Playing dulcimer with Uygur instruments is one of the representative instruments of China national instrumental music. Its timbre is crisp and pleasant, with three strings.

It is beautiful and artistic, especially suitable for playing cheerful and lively music. It is a musical instrument with a trapezoidal body, which mainly consists of three parts: the body, the strings and the keys. Although dulcimer is a national instrumental music in China, it is not a local musical instrument in China. As the name implies, dulcimer is a foreign musical instrument, but there have been several arguments about its origin: First, it was inherited from Caron. Kalong is a Uygur musical instrument in Xinjiang, China. When playing, it is very similar to dulcimer in appearance, number of strings and timbre. The left hand holds a metal rod and the right hand holds a "nail". In fact, "Kalong" evolved from "Garong" in Central Asia. According to the records of Yuan history, the musical instrument "72-stringed pipa" was probably "Kalong" when it conquered Kashmir in Yuan Dynasty, but it appeared in Yuan Dynasty or earlier, and dulcimer first appeared in Guangdong, China in Ming Dynasty, which was far apart in time and geographical position. So this statement is rarely adopted. The second one was introduced by Bos. This is now accepted. According to historical records, dulcimer originated from Arabia and Persia in Central Europe, then called santur, and later spread to Europe, North America and Oceania. There are names such as Dasima, Himbaron and Heckleberry. At that time, the percussion tool was a mallet with a clear and ethereal tone. The dulcimer first appeared in China in the late Ming Dynasty. Due to the industrial development and cultural exchange between China and the West in the Ming Dynasty, the introduction of this musical instrument became possible.

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In modern times, the dulcimer with accompaniment has changed the most in shape. After dulcimer was introduced into China, its initial form was two accompaniment performances.

Bridge dulcimer (also known as "Little dulcimer" and "Butterfly dulcimer") is often used as folk accompaniment of rap music, such as "Yin Qing in Sichuan", "Qin Shu in Sichuan", "Jingqinshu" and "Plum Blossom Drum". Although the history of dulcimer in Chinese musical instruments is the shortest, its shape has changed the most in modern times. First of all, in tuning, dulcimer only has natural sound (that is, the white keys on the piano), so it can't be tuned, which brings a lot of inconvenience to playing. 1953, Zhang Zirui drew a dulcimer according to the two-dimensional relationship between two adjacent strings horizontally and two adjacent strings vertically, thus applying the theory of temperament and temperament in Lv Chunqiu to music practice. Zheng Baoheng and other predecessors have made great contributions to dulcimer reform. Teacher Zheng Baoheng of Tianjin Conservatory of Music has made important contributions to promoting the practice of dulcimer art. Just as Bach used the piano to compose music and promote the piano art, Mr. Zheng quickly figured out the rules of playing the lyre dulcimer, and he could play it at will in the same way. He also absorbed the advantages of other musical instruments, created new sliding techniques and enhanced the expressive force of dulcimer. 1958, Zheng Baoheng changed the rectangular box of the lyre dulcimer into a semicircle by removing the silent parts of the first two corners, which reduced the weight and improved the range by two degrees. Mr. Zheng has always insisted on the teaching of lyre and passed on his skills to generations of students, and achieved remarkable teaching results. Xu of Tianjin Conservatory of Music played a folk trio "Poetry of the Sand" (Song of Zheng Baoheng) with the harp and dulcimer at the graduation concert. 1988 In May, Huang He, the first dulcimer master student of the Central Conservatory of Music, played "Song of a Wanderer" with the help of an orchestra at the graduation concert. These performances were very successful, and the audience was amazed by the magnificent momentum and changeable timbre of the harp and dulcimer. Later, after many folk music experts' research, the dulcimer was transformed into a four-line variable code dulcimer, until today's 40 1 and 402 dulcimers, such as the 50 1 dulcimer developed by Professor Gui Xili of the Central Conservatory of Music, which added a chromatic string method in the high-pitched area, further solving the problem of high and low key. China dulcimer is not only a national dulcimer, but also a world dulcimer. After it was introduced into China, it not only experienced a series of reforms, but also formed four schools of dulcimer in China. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, with the development of traditional folk instrumental music, dulcimer was also absorbed into different instrumental music forms. Dulcimer art has gradually formed its own unique traditional genre and local style through the continuous practice and accumulation of musicians in past dynasties. It has its own excellent traditional repertoire, representative figures, inheritance and performance characteristics, and is loved and recognized by local people and people from all walks of life. Among them, the most influential traditional schools are Guangdong music dulcimer, Jiangnan Sizhu dulcimer, Sichuan dulcimer and Northeast dulcimer.

Edit the main books in this paragraph.

Sichuan dulcimer is one of the important traditional schools of dulcimer art in China. On the basis of predecessors' research results, this book makes a more in-depth and detailed comprehensive study of its many clues and systematically summarizes and combs the development process of Sichuan dulcimer. This book is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter takes time as the main line and discusses it one by one according to its development process. In the following chapters, lines are used instead of surfaces to analyze and expound the Sichuan dulcimer from the aspects of popularization, formation of regional style, musical instrument reform, form of quyi, performance form and representative figures, so as to comprehensively and systematically clean up and display various elements that form the style characteristics of Sichuan dulcimer. Author's brief introduction Dai Ziyou, Dai Ru and Dai Ziyou, associate professors of Sichuan Conservatory of Music, 1993 second prize of dulcimer major in youth group of National Folk Music Invitational Tournament; Bronze Award of Guqin Youth Professional Group in the 1st National Instrumental Music Solo Competition sponsored by the Ministry of Culture in 2002; Bronze Award in Young Professional Group of National Guqin Competition in 2004. At the age of six, he studied dulcimer, a national musical instrument in China, with his father. 1983 was admitted to Yunnan Art School to receive professional music training, and received careful guidance from teachers such as Yang Jiande, Zhou Xiuzhu, Liu Xisheng and Yu Yan. 1988 graduated with honors and was admitted to the folk music department of Sichuan Conservatory of Music. He studied dulcimer performance under Mr. Chen Fumin and ancient xylophone performance under Mr. Ceng Chengwei. Since graduation, he has successfully held dozens of dulcimer-guqin interactive concerts of various types, taught more than 100 dulcimer students, compiled many dulcimer-guqin teaching materials, and published papers such as "Evolution of Sichuan dulcimer" and "Evolution of Sichuan dulcimer Performance Forms in Music Exploration". In 2005, Guangling San and Gaoshan were published by China Records Guangzhou Company.

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