Yuzhong County is a small county in the eastern suburb of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province. More than 65,438+0,000 years ago, the ancient town of Qingcheng was built here when Qin Zhou, the secretariat of the Northern Song Dynasty, went to Diqing. 1, 226 years ago, after conquering Ganzhou and Sunan, Genghis Khan, who was only 65 years old, fell off his horse and was sent to Xinglong Mountain to rest. King Li Zicheng left many fascinating stories. However, the most noteworthy is the Ming Dynasty mausoleum, where the kings of the Soviet Dynasty were buried. I. Introduction to the Ming Tombs The tomb of King Su of Ming Dynasty is the tomb of King Su of Ming Dynasty in China. It is located at the south foot of Pingfeng on the north side of Huangjiazhuang Village, Laizibao Township, Yuzhong County, Lanzhou City, about 15 km away from Lanzhou City. The tomb is about 300 meters long from north to south and about 3000 meters long from east to west. In May 2006, it was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. People call the tomb of Ming Chengzu Su under Baoping Peak of Laizi in Yuzhong County "the Ming Tombs of Gansu Province", but there are actually only eleven tombs, including, Kang, Zhu Lugu, Gong, Gong Cong, Zhu Zhenyu, Zhu Bi, Zhao Wang Zhu Maojiong and Huai Wang Zhu. This mausoleum of King Su Ming is the same as the Ming Tombs. It has three rooms and two left and right wing rooms. The difference is that the underground palace of the Ming Tombs is made of white marble, and glutinous rice juice is still stuck in the crevices. Su Wang's tomb is just a blue brick frame, and the whole volume and space are much smaller than those of the Ming Tombs. According to the analysis of bricks, tiles, columns and other relics scattered around the sealed soil in the tomb area, there should be buildings on the ground of the original tomb, but its scale and characteristics are still inconclusive. Some tombs have been razed to the ground, but the underground tombs are well preserved except 1, 2 and 7 tombs. The whole tomb group is on the mountain, facing south and facing the wild, arranged in an orderly way, about 300 meters long from north to south and about 3000 meters long from east to west. It can be said that "the pillow peak (flat peak) is the second largest in the jade belt (Yuanchuan), facing south." Although after many years, many landforms have already been unrecognizable with the momentum of the cemetery in the past, here, you can still feel the unique geographical location of the cemetery and have to sigh the extraordinary attainments and unique location of the ancients. According to word of mouth of local elders, Wang Su Tombs, as royal cemeteries, have been forbidden since its establishment and guarded by garrisons. Within a few miles of Fiona Fang, ordinary people are not allowed to enter, let alone be buried. Tomb 1 is located in the north-central part of the tomb area. It is built on a mountain, facing south. It is large in scale and complex in structure. The bottom diameter of the sealed soil is 35 meters and the height is 8 meters. The tomb consists of two side rooms, namely, the front, middle, back and left and right sides of the middle room. Two stone gates and a wooden door were set up. Slate is laid on the ground, and the tomb is 38× 18× 8cm blue brick with a total length of 26.325m. Its plane is zigzag. The tomb door is arched and is a stone double-hinged door. The door is 2.5 meters high, 2.2 meters wide and 24 centimeters thick, and the lintel is 297×44× 19 centimeters. Laminated seal of lintel with the same size as lintel on the outer side of the crosscut. Shimen and stone door frames are made of Fuping stone and painted with "earth red". The front room is a horizontal roof with a plane of 6× 6m square and a height of10m. There is a 30×40 cm stolen hole at the upper right of the tomb door. The door of the middle room (the second door) is made of wood and has been rotten. It is 2.5 meters high and 2 meters wide. The middle room has a vertical roof with a 6.3×3.3 rectangle plane and a height of10m. A tunnel was opened between the east and west walls of the tomb, which was connected with the side room. The lateral chamber is 6 meters long, 3 meters wide and 6 meters high, and its structure and shape are basically the same as that of the middle chamber. The back door (the third door) has the same shape and size as the first door. The back room is a horizontal roof with a length of 5.8m, a width of 6.7m and a height of12m. On both sides of the tomb wall, there is a small diamond niche at the front and middle and lower ends, the height, width and depth are all 1 m. 1966 The tomb was opened during the land preparation in Pingtian, and most of the unearthed cultural relics were destroyed. There are only two ever-burning lamps, a pottery horse and a bronze candle, which are kept in Yuzhong County Museum and Lanzhou City Museum respectively. The epitaph is also broken. Only the word "princess" ... is in the remnant records of Yongle Dadian. According to the Ming History and other documents, the captaincy of the Ming Dynasty should generally be buried in the same cave with the concubines, but there is also "(Zhuang Wang) princess Sun Shi ... June 15, Yongle 21" in Wang Shizhen's Ming Zangshan Tang Ji (Volume 32) Wang Biao with the same surname. Only Zhu died in Yongle, so it is speculated that this tomb should be the tomb of Princess Zhuang, not the tomb of her descendants. The distance to the west of Tomb No.2 is about 450 meters from Tomb No.2 1. The complete mound is about 7 meters high and the bottom diameter is about 30 meters. 1970 due to farmland collapse during irrigation, it was backfilled shortly after excavation, and the tomb structure was unknown. However, according to informed sources at that time, the shape of the tomb is basically the same as that of 1 tomb, but the brick jointing is more refined. Tomb No.7 is the burial tomb of Wang and his concubine Wang. The surrounding soil is 6 meters high and 27 meters in bottom diameter. Excavated on 1977. Due to the shortage of funds, only the tomb and vestibule were cleaned and stopped, and backfill protection was carried out. The epitaphs of Huai Su Wang and Wang Hao were unearthed in the tomb, and two iron rings were tied to the epitaphs (now in Yuzhong County Museum). The epitaph of King Huai Su is square, 79 cm long and 79 cm wide, with a dragon engraved on the periphery, with the words "Royal gift to Huai Su Wang Zhi" engraved on it, and the epitaph in regular script below. The epitaph of Princess Wang is also square, with a length and width of 73cm and a thickness of10.5cm, and Feng Huangwen is engraved around it. On the first block, the inscription "Tomb of the Princess of the Ming Dynasty" is engraved in yin, and on the next block, an epitaph is written in regular script. From the seventeenth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 14 19) to the sixteenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1644), the construction of the king's tomb began, with a time span of 226 years. Second, the Wang Su era in history According to the Ming History, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, decided to "rule the feudal king" in the second year of Hongwu (1369) and played the role of "screening the royal family" in order to consolidate his position of integration and metallurgy. Hongwu three years (1370), summer and April. A few years later, Wang Qing and Wang Su were appointed. King Su successively sealed twelve thrones until the demise of the Ming Dynasty. There are not many historical records about your king. Even more striking is the first generation of Wang Su Zhu Bi. He is the fourteenth son of Zhu Maoyuan Zhang. Born in 1376, he was named Hanwang at the age of 2, changed to Wang Su in 1392, and entered Pingliang, Gansu in 1393. 1395 to Ganzhou, Gansu (now Zhangye City, Gansu Province). After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, Yu Wenjian moved to Lanzhou in the first year (1399). After 42 years in office, 1420 died at the age of 44. He was punished by the court for beating and killing guards in Hami and paying tribute to horses without permission. Zhu Gongzhi, the fourth generation of King Gong of Su Dai, reigned for 50 years and lived for 80 years, which is a long time, while Zhu Shen, the sixth generation of King Gong of Huai, was stuck in office for only 2 years and died at the age of 16, which is a short time. The most tragic thing is that on the eve of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty, Zhu Zhishu, the last king of the Soviet Dynasty, captured the throne. The peasant insurgents led by Li Zicheng and Zhang were in a state of shock in the northwest, and they were on tenterhooks all day. He once asked the imperial court to increase the guards of the vassal government and strengthen Lanzhou city. In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), Li Zicheng made Xi 'an its capital and established Dashun regime. General He Jin was immediately sent to the western expedition. After the rebel army invaded the Suwangfu, Princess Yanshi and Princess Zhao Shi bumped their heads against the Yunlou Suwangshi tablet and died. The last Su Wang who escaped from the palace was caught by He Jin's men and taken to An for execution (one said that he was hiding in the military camp and was killed after being reported by the county people). Or after the fall of Lan Yun, Zhu Shihong was cornered and then surrendered, with nowhere to go. He reigned for 23 years at the age of 39. Everyone will die. According to historical records, Zhu Yuan, the fourteenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, lived in Zhangye and moved to Lanzhou in the first year of Wen Jian (1399). They built an inner city with a circumference of 6 miles and 200 steps, and built a promenade with a circumference of 18 miles 133 steps around today's central square. There are luxurious palaces in the city, including Jintian Taoist Temple, Baiyi Temple and Baiyi Temple Tower, Rongguang Temple at the northern end of Xiaobei Street, Jieyin Temple and Bronze Jieyin Buddha in Dongguan, Baita Temple in Baita Mountain, Chongqing Temple, Wuquan Mountain Temple, Mani Temple, Wenchang Palace, Wuhou Temple, Great Compassion Temple, Dizang Temple and Lying Buddha Hall. Even today, many ancient buildings and reclining buddhas, such as Baitashan Temple, Jintian Taoist Temple, Baiyi Temple Pagoda and Wuquan Mountain, were created and left behind by these Su Kings. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang presented Song Tuo's Chunhua Pavilion to his son, which became Su's treasure. In the 43rd year of Wanli (16 15), Su Xianwang, Zhu Minggu, Su Ren Wen Ruyu and Nankang Ren Zhang * * *, copied and engraved them on Fuping Stone. Zhu died before he finished speaking, and his son Zhu succeeded to the throne and continued to complete this legal position. This project lasted for 7 years, and was completed in the first year of the apocalypse. Zhu Zhijing also wrote a postscript for this law post, praising it as "old and new". "Shaanxi people have carved a book according to the book and put it in the temple forest of steles. The Cultural Center in Liyang County, Jiangsu Province also has a replica of the stone carving of Chunhua Pavilion, which is embedded in the wall of the ancestral temple in Shi Yu County for people to watch. In addition, Nanjing also has a fermented bean curd; Even when Fa Tie Daxi was published in Japan, its missing pages were filled with the Soviet version of Spring Gehua Tie. Three. The tomb of the value king is one of the Ming tombs with the highest rank in northwest China. It has high historical, artistic and scientific research value, is a precious historical and cultural heritage, and is of great significance to the study of politics, economy and culture in Ming Dynasty. First of all, Su Tomb is one of the Ming tombs with the largest scale, the longest time span and the most concentrated tombs in northwest China, which provides complete physical data for studying the development and change of funeral system in Ming Dynasty. Secondly, the structure of tombs and the exquisite combination of funerary objects provide important evidence for studying the etiquette and coronation system of vassal kings in Ming Dynasty and the material and spiritual and cultural life at different levels of society at that time. Thirdly, the diet and salary of the captaincy in Ming Dynasty were different, which was closely related to certain regional politics, economy and close relationship with the royal family. Through the comparative study with the excavated tombs of Shu Shizi, Wang, Lu and Wang in Ming Dynasty, it is also of great reference value to reveal the above problems. The tombs of Su Fan Wangling Group occupy an auspicious place in the tomb area, and the relationship between "dragon, sand, cave, water, famous hall, recent case and distant dynasty" in China's traditional "Kanyu" is fully displayed in Su Fan Wangling District, which provides a rare basis for studying China's traditional geomantic theory and the philosophical thought of harmony between man and nature. Since 1980s, Wang Su Tomb has been highly valued and protected by all levels. 1983 Yuzhong county * * was declared as a county-level cultural relics protection unit, 1992 set up a cultural relics protection team of Wang Su tomb, and hired cultural protection personnel to look after the tombs. 1993 Gansu * * * people announced it as a provincial cultural relics protection unit. In the same year, the people of Yuzhong County demarcated and announced the protection scope and construction control zone of Wang Su's tombs, and made specific provisions on the three-level protection of the tombs. On May 25th, 2006, Suwang Tomb was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relic protection unit. After hundreds of years of wind and rain, old graves and new graves are scattered in the mountains where Su Wang sleeps, which evokes too many regrets. ...