Li Bai's Ancient Poems and History

Li Bai's Biography of Talented Persons in Tang Dynasty

Li Bai is indeed an outstanding poet in China. The great wanderer enriched the scenery of the Tang Dynasty with his feet and poetic pen. He swept away sturm und drang, and then, the smoke in Dongting, the wind and cloud in Chibi, the apes in Shudao and the mighty river suddenly flew. In poetry, the poet is smart and heroic, like a cloud in the sky; He wandered between the eight poles, galloping freely, like a fine horse galloping on the Yuan Ye. In the poem, the poet sweeps away the worldly dust and completely restores his immortal posture: above, he looks for the green void, below, the yellow spring. His romance, madness, love and hate, loneliness and pain, dreams and awakening, heroism and vagrancy all reached the extreme.

His poetry creation has a strong subjective color, which is mainly manifested in his emphasis on expressing heroism and passionate feelings, and rarely describing objective things and specific time in detail. Free and easy temperament, independent personality, and strong emotions that are easy to touch and erupt form the distinctive features of Li Bai's lyric style. He often erupts, and once his feelings are aroused, he rushes out without restraint, just like a hurricane in the sky and an overflowing volcano. His imagination is very strange, often has unusual connections, and changes with the flow of emotions.

Climb the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing.

There used to be a phoenix on the phoenix platform, and the phoenix went to Taiwan, only Jiangdong returned.

Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine.

Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, and Egret Island is wet.

There is always a traitor in power, like covering the sky, and Chang' an is depressed when he can't see it.

[Edit this paragraph] Famous sentences of works

1, one day I will ride the wind and waves, sail straight up and cross the deep sea. It's hard to go.

But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword, sadness will come back, even though we drown them with wine. Xie Tiao Villa in Xuanzhou Farewell Minister Shu Yun.

3. Yanshan snowflakes are as big as seats, and pieces of them blow off Xuanyuantai. Popular in the north

Since God has given talents, let them be used! , spin one thousand silver, all come back! . Yuefujiang Jin Jiu

5. You didn't see how the water of the Yellow River moved out of heaven and into the ocean, never to return; Have you seen the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is still silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night? Yuefujiang Jin Jiu

Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! . Yuefujiang Jin Jiu

7. The green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite, and the lonely sails come from the sun. Wangtianmen mountain

8. The solitary sail is far away from the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou from Yellow Crane Tower.

9, flying three thousands of feet, suspected that the Milky Way fell for nine days. Look at Lushan Waterfall

10, three mountains and a half fall out of the sky, and Bailuzhou is full of water. (also known as "dividing water like this in Egret Island") boarded the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing.

1 1, laugh and watch the sky go out. I'm from Artemisia. Children in Nanling don't enter Beijing.

The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven, and the withered pine trees hang low on the cliff surface. The road to Shu, so steep, steeper than Heaven.

13, a cloud rises between the light of heaven and me, hiding his city from my melancholy heart. Climb the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing.

I will think of you in the clouds, so think of me in the sunset. See a friend off

15, which is the end of the mountain and the beginning of the plain. The river winds through the wilderness. Farewell friends at Jingmen Ferry.

16, Lin Ping is misty, and Hanshan area is sad and melancholy. Bodhisattva-level people

17, I have sorrow in my heart. When the moon is bright, I will always follow you until Yelangxi. "I heard that Wang Changling left and moved to Longbiaoyao to send this."

18, Taohuatan is deeper than thousands of feet and not as good as Wang Lun. A gift for Wang Lun.

19, white hair, three thousands of feet, long sorrow. Song Pu of Autumn

20. Oh, when will the Tatar army be conquered and when will my husband come back from the long battle! . Midnight Wu Ge

2 1, until, holding up my cup, I asked the bright moon to bring me my shadow and make the three of us. Drink the moon alone.

On the 22nd, on both sides of the ape's cry, the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man. Baidi City was released in advance.

23. The ladies-in-waiting are like full spring palace, but today only partridges can fly. Visiting ancient Vietnam and China.

Today, people can't see the ancient moon. This month, they have taken photos of the ancients. Borrow wine for the moon.

25. Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those people with high status and important positions? They never want to be seen with a sincere face. Climb Mount Tianmu in my dream.

26. The foot of my bed is shining with such bright light. Is it frosty already? . Thoughts?in?the?Still?of?the?Night

27. When you, my love, ride a bamboo horse, run in circles and throw your childhood. We live together in an alley in Qiantang, both young and happy. Long March

Overview of life

Li Bai (February 8, 7065438+0—February 65438+February 762), whose real name was Taibai, was named Zi Jushi, also known as "fallen immortal" (how to comment on Li Bai, Li Bai also boasted). Han nationality, whose ancestral home is Ji Cheng in Longxi (now Jingning, Gansu), was born in Broken Leaf City in the Western Regions of Central Asia (near tokmak, east of Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan), and moved to Changlong County, Mianzhou, Sichuan (now jiangyou city, Sichuan) at the age of 4, with Guo Moruo as the representative. China, a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, was called "Poet Fairy" by later generations, and was also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. His poetic style is bold, elegant, free and easy, with rich imagination, fluent and natural language and harmonious melody. He is good at absorbing nutrients from folk songs and myths, forming his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors, which is the new peak of positive romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. Han: "Du Li's articles are in full swing." ("Adjust Zhang Ji"). Li Bai's poems and songs, Pei Min's sword dance and Zhang Xu's cursive script in the Tang Dynasty are called "Three Musts". Li Bai's swordsmanship ranked second (below Pei Min) in the Tang Dynasty, but if Li Bai abandoned literature and devoted himself to the study of swordsmanship, I believe it would not be inferior to Pei Minxun. Together with Li Shangyin and Li He, they are called "Three Li" in Tang Dynasty. When Li Bai was young, he was a chivalrous man who drew his sword to help him when he was in trouble (which was related to chivalry, one of his three thoughts). At this point, there are some records in unofficial history.

Li Bai's ancestral home is Ji Cheng (now Jingning County, Gansu Province). At the end of Sui Dynasty, Li Bai moved to Broken Leaf City in Central Asia (now near tokmak in northern Kyrgyzstan) to avoid chaos. Li Bai was born here. He spent most of his life roaming. At the age of five, his family moved to Zhangming County, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou, Sichuan). At the age of twenty, he left Sichuan alone and began to wander widely, reaching Xiangjiang River in Dongting in the south and wuyue in the east, living in Anlu (now Anlu City, Hubei Province) and Yingshan (now Guangshui City, Hubei Province). He traveled around, hoping to make friends and pay homage to celebrities, so as to get an introduction, climb high in one fell swoop and realize his political ideals and ambitions. However, after ten years of wandering, I have accomplished nothing. Continue to go north to Taiyuan and Chang 'an, east to Qi and Lu, and live in Rencheng, Shandong (now Jining, Shandong). At this time, he has made many celebrities and created a lot of excellent poems, which are famous all over the world. In the early years of Tianbao, on the recommendation of Taoist Wu Yun, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty called him to Beijing and ordered him to worship the Hanlin. Soon, due to the slanderers of powerful people, Yu Tianbao was expelled from Beijing in 34 (AD 744 or 745). Since then, he has been wandering in Jiang and Huai, and his thoughts are extremely boring.

Li Bai lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He had the progressive ideal of "helping the poor" and "settling down in peace", and he struggled to realize this ideal all his life. A large number of his poems not only reflected the prosperity of that era, but also exposed and criticized the debauchery and corruption of the ruling group, showing the positive spirit of despising the powerful, resisting the traditional bondage and pursuing freedom and ideals. In art, his poems are novel in imagination, unique in conception, strong in emotion, magnificent in artistic conception, fresh and bright in language, magnificent in momentum and unrestrained in style, forming a bold and unrestrained artistic style, reaching the peak of positive romantic poetry in ancient China. There are nearly a thousand poems, including Li Taibai, the representative of romantic poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

A great genius who is a poet, a fairy, a donkey friend and a strategist.

According to folklore, Gao Lishi took off his boots and Yang Guifei wiped ink for him.

Du Fu Zan: Writing a pen scares the wind and rain, and poetry turns into tears.

He didn't show fame all his life, but he had high expectations, despised the rich and powerful in clothes, unscrupulously mocked the hierarchical order centered on political power, criticized the phenomenon of political corruption, and carried forward the heroism in the prosperous Tang culture with a bold rebellious attitude. Li Bai's anti-power thought is becoming more and more conscious and mature with the enrichment of his life practice. In the early days, it was mainly manifested in the equal requirements of "self-improvement, not being human" and "making friends with princes", as he said in his poem: "I was drunk in Chang 'an, and five kings and seven people shared a glass of wine. In the face of heroic spirit, the romantic spirit will fall behind others! " ("Liu Yelang gave the judge Xin") "Encourage the nine masters to make waves and be young and ignorant." ("Ode to the Jade Pot") He sometimes makes grandiose remarks that show contempt for powerful people, such as "Gold and white jade buy songs and laugh, and get drunk and tired, and despise princes" ("Remembering the past" sent the county yuan to join the army). But his main performance is inner pride. With the understanding of the actual situation of high-level power groups, he further exposed the opposition between Buyi and dignitaries: "Zhu Yu buys songs and laughs, wasting talents." (The fifteenth time of "Ancient Style") "The sparrow is in the phoenix nest, and it is holding the phoenix." ("Bo Gu" article 39. The ugly behavior of those who stole power because of flattering the emperor is even more ironic, such as: the cart flying dust, the pavilion is dark in the afternoon. China is more expensive than gold, and Lianyun has a room. He Huihe was dubbed cockfighting. When the rainbow is dried in one breath, pedestrians are afraid. There is no such thing as washing your ears, only Yao and your feet! In "Dream on Mount Tianmu", he made the loudest voice: Ah, how can I solemnly bow and scrape to those high officials whose sincere faces will never be seen! The significance of this artistic generalization in Li Bai's poems is as important as Du Fu's famous sentence "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the bones on the road freeze to death" ("Ode to 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian").

In the deteriorating political situation at the end of Tianbao, Li Bai linked anti-dignitary with extensive social criticism. For example, Answering the King on Twelve Cold Nights not only fought bravely for the fallen sages, but also expressed disappointment and contempt for the imperial court: If there is no Beihai in Li See, where can there be heroic spirit? If you don't look at Pei Shangshu, there are three feet of wormwood thorns in the earth grave. Teenagers have long wanted to go to the Five Lakes. Seeing this, I will spare Zhong Ding. Li Bai even sharply reprimanded Xuanzong himself in the way of satirizing modern people in his poems, such as "Feeling the Book, My Friend", "Ancient Style" and "Ascending to the Far Sea". In a word, it can be said that he developed the anti-power theme in Tang poetry to the point of dripping and hearty. Ren Hua said that Li Bai "lived for decades and never lost his color for a day" ("Miscellaneous Words Send Li Bai"). This consciousness of never giving in to powerful people and bravely fighting for self-dignity is an important content of attaching importance to personal value since Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it is also a tradition of attaching importance to strength and character. It is under the new historical conditions that Li Bai inherited and carried forward this excellent tradition and became a star in poetry.

Li Bai's poems and songs are full of passion for life. His poems are often full of childlike interest in the wild, such as: "Two people love each other, one cup after another." Drunk enough to sleep, I plan to hold the Ming dynasty piano. "("lovers in the mountains ")" Long sleeves, light desire, drunken dancing in Hanzhong. Put a robe on me. I'm drunk and sleep on my stomach. "Life is like strong liquor, which intoxicates the poet. Of course, this does not mean that there is no sorrow and pain in life, but the poet's optimism is enough for him to transcend and overcome his sense of hardship. The so-called "sentimental life? "And drink and climb the stairs" (Song of Liangyuan) and "Drunk Jia Qianchi, don't look at the monument to tears" (Xiangyang Qu IV) are the portrayal of his broad-minded mentality.

He is never satisfied with loneliness and loneliness, such as I drink the bright moon alone: from a pot of wine to flowers, I drink alone. No one is with me. Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people. The moon doesn't know how to drink, but the shadow in front of it is behind. I have to mingle with them and enjoy the happiness of spring. The song I sing is bright and wandering, and I dance the shadow before wandering. Wake up and be happy together, and disperse after drunkenness. I am willing to stay with them forever and forget the harm of friendship, just like the Milky Way. Only a energetic poet can come up with such a fantastic idea. He has a "short song line", and the idea is: "If you want to win the Six Dragons, go back to the car and hang the Fusang. With the help of the Big Dipper, every dragon advised them to drink a glass of wine, so they all fell asleep and couldn't stay awake. Wealth is not what you want, you are in your twilight years. " There is no old man's sigh here, but the naive imagination of "persuading wine" is used to express infinite attachment to life. These poems, with their pure taste, appeal to the beautiful humanity submerged by vulgar life, thus gaining permanent charm.

Li Bai has a strong feeling for nature, and he is good at integrating his personality into natural scenery, which makes his landscapes and valleys have idealized colors. He said in the poem "Sunrise": "I will include a big piece, and I will be noble and have the same topic." He also said: "Yangchun told me to smoke, and I took articles during the holidays." (From the preface of my brother's spring banquet in Taohuayuan) Li Bai is heroic and pursues a pure and noble state of mind. These different personality aspects also form two types of his artistic conception of mountains and rivers: one is to highlight the beauty of strength and movement in the majestic mountains and rivers, and express his lofty aspirations in the magnificent artistic conception; The other is interested in pursuing the beauty of Ming Che and expressing innocent feelings in a beautiful artistic conception. For example, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River in his works roared and roared: "How does the water of the Yellow River move out of the sky and into the ocean, and never return" ("Into the wine"); "The Yellow River Wan Li touches the mountains, and the vortex hub turns to Qin Mine ... djinn growls and breaks the two mountains, and Hongbo jet shoots the East China Sea ("Xiyue Yuntai Song Send Dan Qiu Zi "); "I climbed up. I look at the world and I can't go to the river. " The wind blows Huang Yun for hundreds of miles, and the snow peaks are white around the nine streams. "(Song of Lushan's suggestion and Lu Xuzhou) Poseidon has been to the evil wind, and the waves hit the stone walls of Tianmen. What happened to Zhejiang in August? Snow in Taosi Mountain (Hengjiang Ci). The peaks in his works are towering and steep: "The highest cliff is only one foot below the sky, and the dry pine trees hang their heads from the surface of the cliff" (Shu Dao Nan); On a straight line leading to heaven, its peak enters heaven, with five holy peaks on top, casting a shadow across China; The ladder mountain range stretches for hundreds of miles, starting from here and extending to the southeast "(Tianmu Mountain rises in my dream). He endowed mountains and rivers with lofty aesthetic feeling with heroism in his chest. His praise for the great power of nature is also a tribute to the far-sighted and unremitting pursuit of life ideals. Extraordinary natural image and proud heroic character are integrated.

At the same time, Li Bai also wrote many beautiful landscape poems. For example, "people travel around the moon and ships travel in the air" ("Send Weiwan, a man from Wuwangshan, back to the palace"); "When a man rides on the sea and the moon, the sail falls into the sky in the lake" ("Looking for Yang to send his brother to visit Sima Zuo in Poyang"); "The moon turns with the green hills, and the green hills follow the flowing water. It seems that I am above the Milky Way, but I feel that the clouds are secluded ("On the Moonlight, I will send a trip outside the Cuiyuan"); "Jinling night is quiet and cool, watching the five mountains in the west wing alone. The white clouds reflect the water and shake the empty city, and the white dew drops the beads and the autumn moon ("The Moon on the West Tower of Jinling City"). These poems are famous for their clarity and purity. Li Bai's landscape poems are not so much a realistic description of natural features as a reformed and idealized picture according to the poet's personality. He just wants to grasp the overall momentum or atmosphere, splash ink on the basis of sudden excitement, while ignoring the specific details, and even the visual transfer order of the scenery is often not concerned. Li Bai's landscape poems are pervasive and lyrical. He is good at blending mountains and rivers with specific emotions, and there is a subtle relationship between the situation of "scenery" and the characteristics of "emotion" For example, seeing a friend off: to the north of the Great Wall is a blue mountain range, and to the east is a white waterline. Here we say goodbye to each other, and you, like losing your father, are floating in the wind and traveling far away. Floating clouds are like wanderers, like wandering, and the sunset slowly goes down the mountain, which seems to be nostalgic. With a wave of his hand, he will be separated from now on, and his friend on horseback will carry him on a long journey, blowing a long wind, as if reluctant to leave. The "floating clouds" and "sunset" in the poem are not only the foreground of the eyes, but also the concrete images with specific emotional content in ancient poetry, which means that once a wanderer leaves, he will be like a floating cloud, so he will say goodbye to the sunset without leaving a scar. Another example is "the clouds return to the blue sea and the evening, and the geese have no blue sky." The first two sentences not only point out the season and time, but also use the images of "cloud" and "goose" to refer to departure and travel. In addition, such as "sometimes white clouds rise and the sky unfolds." However, in my heart, I am grateful for every happiness ("Looking at Nanshan to send a song to a hermit"), "Oh, go and ask this river flowing eastward, whether it can go further than the love of friends!" ("Parting Nanjing Restaurant"), "Xi Hui drives by the water, blue waves are rippling" ("Swimming in Nanyang Qingling Spring") and so on.

Li Bai's thoughts and sentiments of freedom and liberation and his personality with the tendency of popularization also enabled him to explore all kinds of human beauty in social life more deeply. There is a yearning for a quiet life here, such as the third part of Midnight Wu Ge: a new moon hangs over the capital, and ten thousand laundry hammers are beating. The autumn wind blew Yi Dao's voice, and every household remembered the people guarding the border. When will the border war be settled and when will my husband end his expedition? There are praises for working life, such as "Song of Autumn Pu" XIV: "Fire shines on the heavens and the earth, and red stars are everywhere. Langlang moonlit night, winding cold Sichuan. " All these poems, without exception, use the ideal light wheel to make the theme of daily life glow with poetic style.

[Edit this paragraph] Li Bai's original work

Shangjietie is a cursive script of Li Bai's four-character poems, and it is also the only original calligraphy handed down from generation to generation. Paper, length 28.5cm, width 38. 1cm. 5 lines of cursive script, 25 words in total. The secretary uses the word "Taibai". Quoting the title of "Qinglian Han Yi" in the regular script of Emperor Li Hong, Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty, the title of "Tang Li Taibai Shangjie" is engraved on the upper right of the text, and the title is Song Huizong Evonne Bojinshu.

After the paper, there are inscriptions by Yuan, Du Ben, Ouyang Xuan, Yuan, Qi Lu and Qing Qianlong. There are Zi Gu and Dong Zhai of Zhao in Song Dynasty, Chou He's book of Jia Sidao, Zhang Qian's private seal in Yuan Dynasty and Ouyang Xuan's seal in Ming Dynasty, as well as Xiang, He Qing Biao, An Qi, Qing Neifu and modern collection seal.