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General introduction
Dog, commonly known as "dog" (English: dog), the scientific name is "Canis lupus familiaris". Mammals are a subspecies of canine wolves. Known as "man's best friend", he has a keen sense of hearing and smell, is good at guarding the portal, and can be trained into working dogs such as military dogs and police dogs. After long-term human breeding, the specialization of domestic dogs is very obvious, and there are many different breeds, which are quite different in size, appearance and even behavioral ability. The term is sometimes generally used to refer to any mammal belonging to Canidae ("Canidae"), such as wolves, foxes and coyotes. Three legal names: domestic dog (Linnai, 1758). Protection status: domestication. Scientific classification: 1758 Linnaeus called it a domestic dog breed-dog breed, but in 1993 Smithsonian Institution and American Mammalian Society reclassified it as a subspecies of wolf.
Edit this evolutionary history.
Dog is a domestic animal domesticated by wild wolves not later than 14000 years ago, or even before 16000 years ago in Southeast Asia [1]. Dogs originated from wolves and are now recognized, but there are different opinions about the specific place of birth and time. So far, the earliest evidence of dog fossils is a mandible fossil from Germany 14000 years ago, and the other is a small dog skeleton fossil from the Middle East about 12000 years ago. On the one hand, these archaeological evidences support that dogs originated in southwest Asia or Europe, on the other hand, the characteristics of dog's skeleton identification suggest that dogs may have originated from wolves, thus putting forward the theory of dog's origin in East Asia. In addition, the morphological diversity of different breeds of dogs is extremely rich, which seems to be inclined to the hypothesis that dogs originated from wolves of different geographical groups. Therefore, it is difficult to provide reliable clues about the origin of dogs by archaeology alone. A research team composed of scientists from China and Switzerland studied 654 dogs from five continents and analyzed the base arrangement of a genetic material called "mitochondrial DNA" passed down through the maternal line. It was found that the genes of these dogs were almost the same. They believe that the friendship between humans and dogs can be traced back to10.5 million years ago. At that time, humans in East Asia first domesticated wolves and other animals, and gradually brought domesticated dogs to Europe and even across the Bering Strait to America over a long period of time. East Asia is considered because dogs in East Asia have the richest genetic types. Scientists infer through genetic testing that this area should be the birthplace of dogs, not the Middle East as people always thought. Peter Savolanen said: "Many early studies were based on a small amount of archaeological materials in the Middle East, which was considered to be the origin of dogs, but in fact, only some other animals were domesticated there, not dogs." At the same time, by comparing with the genes of wolves, they think that dogs were differentiated from several different wolves10.5 million years ago. This research is carried out by two international research groups. On the other hand, the research team composed of scientists from the United States and Peru compared the base arrangement of dogs in North and South America with dogs in Asia and Europe, and dogs living in Latin America and Alaska before European colonists arrived in America. It is found that some genes of dogs in Latin America and Sweden originated from Eurasian wolves. These genes appeared in American domestic dogs before European colonists arrived in America in the15th century. They believe that dogs originated in East Asia, spread throughout Asia and Europe, and then were brought to America by the first settlers from the American continent across the Bering Strait between1.4000 and1.2000 years ago. Swedish livestock expert Bo Zhan Sen thinks it is "very convincing" that East Asians domesticated dogs first. The first settlers in the United States brought dogs, which shows that dogs lived with Asians for many years before that. It is worth noting that this study points out that the domestication of wolves is unlikely to be an isolated event, and it is more likely to be a practical process in the process of human development.
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The dog's fur ranges from pure white to pure black to various colors. Dogs have different fur textures, colors and patterns. Rspo2, en: fgf5 and en: krt7 1 control seven fur features, including length, curvature and fur texture. [2] Some kinds of representations are called by proper nouns. Basically, dogs have thick fur and beard on their heads, but these two characteristics will change or even disappear completely in some kinds of dogs, just like Mexican hairless dogs and English bulldogs. When people mention the appearance of a dog, the first thing that comes to mind is always its color, not its type; People will say, "a blue-purple australian shepherd" or "a chocolate Labrador retriever". Dog fur colors include (but are not limited to): black: usually pure black, sometimes a little whitish. Brown: From reddish brown to dark brown. Red: the color of wood such as cherry tree or mahogany; There are also brown, chestnut, orange, rust, liver (crimson) and golden red. Yellow: from light cheese color to dark gold or golden red. Gold: from light apricot to reddish dark yellow. Greyhound: from light gray including silver to dark gray; It can be mixed with many other colors and forms to produce pepper mottle, pepper color, grayish white, blue gray and silver brown. Blue: refers to dark metallic gray, such as black with blue texture or blue spots. Dark brown: the hair is black; The fur is gold, silver, gray or brown. White: The white here is different from the white of albino dogs. Body lines include: white and brown, white and red, etc. There are obviously two colors of fur and the boundaries between these two colors are clear. Usually the upper part is darker, and the lower part of the leg or abdomen is lighter. Tricolor: composed of three colors; Common combinations include black, brown, white or crimson, brown and white. Stripe: a mixture of black and brown, tan or gold; It usually appears in the form of "tiger pattern".
food
Although dogs are traditionally carnivores, this does not mean that the food of domestic dogs is limited to meat. Unlike other real carnivores such as cats, domestic dogs can live a healthy life on food such as vegetables and grains. In fact, their diet is very balanced. The diet of typical wild carnivores is nourished by the stomach contents of herbivores they capture, so their nutrition is often unbalanced. But domestic dogs have dealt with this well. They can be vegetarian, especially when these foods are paired with eggs or [[milk] (puppies should not drink milk, and their stomachs are weak, so they cannot absorb and digest milk). On the other hand, domestic dogs are more tolerant of meat than people, and will not suffer from metabolic diseases such as arterial obstruction because they eat more meat. In addition, scientists have also found that high-protein foods (eating a lot of meat) can help them prevent muscle tissue damage, such as the dog sled race in Idatarod, Alaska, and other similar situations under extreme pressure. Loyalty to mankind
On the emotional basis, the dog's loyalty to its owner comes from two aspects: one is its dependence and trust on its mother; Second, it is to yell at the team leader German shepherd.
Degree of obedience. In other words, the dog's loyalty to its owner is actually a substitute for the dog's loyalty to its mother or group leader. From the pedigree, modern domestic dogs can be divided into two categories: wolf pedigree and wolf pedigree. The loyalty of dogs of Hu wolf descent is mainly related to the first emotional source, that is, it mainly comes from attachment and trust to their mothers; This kind of mother can be anyone who is friendly to it. The loyalty of wolf-bred dogs is mainly related to the second emotional source, that is, it mainly comes from loyalty and obedience to the dog leaders; This kind of leader, for dogs, is only one in life. In this way, loyalty has different meanings for these two dogs with different lineages. For a dog of Hu wolf descent, the so-called loyalty to its owner means loyalty to all the people who are friendly to it, while for a dog of wolf descent, the so-called loyalty to its owner means loyalty to a master or individual master. A dog of the wolf blood can be loyal to all the people who are friendly to it, so this "loyalty" should be disloyalty to a particular owner. Wolf breed dogs are loyal to only one master in their life, so it can be said that wolf breed dogs are far more loyal to their masters than Hu wolf dogs. The reason why the loyalty of these two breeds of dogs is so different is that the genes of these two dogs are different.
General introduction
Dog, commonly known as "dog" (English: dog), the scientific name is "Canis lupus familiaris". Mammals are a subspecies of canine wolves. Known as "man's best friend", he has a keen sense of hearing and smell, is good at guarding the portal, and can be trained into working dogs such as military dogs and police dogs. After long-term human breeding, the specialization of domestic dogs is very obvious, and there are many different breeds, which are quite different in size, appearance and even behavioral ability. The term is sometimes generally used to refer to any mammal belonging to Canidae ("Canidae"), such as wolves, foxes and coyotes. Three legal names: domestic dog (Linnai, 1758). Protection status: domestication. Scientific classification: 1758 Linnaeus called it a domestic dog breed-dog breed, but in 1993 Smithsonian Institution and American Mammalian Society reclassified it as a subspecies of wolf.
Edit this evolutionary history.
Dog is a domestic animal domesticated by wild wolves not later than 14000 years ago, or even before 16000 years ago in Southeast Asia [1]. Dogs originated from wolves and are now recognized, but there are different opinions about the specific place of birth and time. So far, the earliest evidence of dog fossils is a mandible fossil from Germany 14000 years ago, and the other is a small dog skeleton fossil from the Middle East about 12000 years ago. On the one hand, these archaeological evidences support that dogs originated in southwest Asia or Europe, on the other hand, the characteristics of dog's skeleton identification suggest that dogs may have originated from wolves, thus putting forward the theory of dog's origin in East Asia. In addition, the morphological diversity of different breeds of dogs is extremely rich, which seems to be inclined to the hypothesis that dogs originated from wolves of different geographical groups. Therefore, it is difficult to provide reliable clues about the origin of dogs by archaeology alone. A research team composed of scientists from China and Switzerland studied 654 dogs from five continents and analyzed the base arrangement of a genetic material called "mitochondrial DNA" passed down through the maternal line. It was found that the genes of these dogs were almost the same. They believe that the friendship between humans and dogs can be traced back to10.5 million years ago. At that time, humans in East Asia first domesticated wolves and other animals, and gradually brought domesticated dogs to Europe and even across the Bering Strait to America over a long period of time. East Asia is considered because dogs in East Asia have the richest genetic types. Scientists infer through genetic testing that this area should be the birthplace of dogs, not the Middle East as people always thought. Peter Savolanen said: "Many early studies were based on a small amount of archaeological materials in the Middle East, which was considered to be the origin of dogs, but in fact, only some other animals were domesticated there, not dogs." At the same time, by comparing with the genes of wolves, they think that dogs were differentiated from several different wolves10.5 million years ago. This research is carried out by two international research groups. On the other hand, the research team composed of scientists from the United States and Peru compared the base arrangement of dogs in North and South America with dogs in Asia and Europe, and dogs living in Latin America and Alaska before European colonists arrived in America. It is found that some genes of dogs in Latin America and Sweden originated from Eurasian wolves. These genes appeared in American domestic dogs before European colonists arrived in America in the15th century. They believe that dogs originated in East Asia, spread throughout Asia and Europe, and then were brought to America by the first settlers from the American continent across the Bering Strait between1.4000 and1.2000 years ago. Swedish livestock expert Bo Zhan Sen thinks it is "very convincing" that East Asians domesticated dogs first. The first settlers in the United States brought dogs, which shows that dogs lived with Asians for many years before that. It is worth noting that this study points out that the domestication of wolves is unlikely to be an isolated event, and it is more likely to be a practical process in the process of human development.
Edit the appearance of this paragraph.
The dog's fur ranges from pure white to pure black to various colors. Dogs have different fur textures, colors and patterns. Rspo2, en: fgf5 and en: krt7 1 control seven fur features, including length, curvature and fur texture. [2] Some kinds of representations are called by proper nouns. Basically, dogs have thick fur and beard on their heads, but these two characteristics will change or even disappear completely in some kinds of dogs, just like Mexican hairless dogs and English bulldogs. When people mention the appearance of a dog, the first thing that comes to mind is always its color, not its type; People will say, "a blue-purple australian shepherd" or "a chocolate Labrador retriever". Dog fur colors include (but are not limited to): black: usually pure black, sometimes a little whitish. Brown: From reddish brown to dark brown. Red: the color of wood such as cherry tree or mahogany; There are also brown, chestnut, orange, rust, liver (crimson) and golden red. Yellow: from light cheese color to dark gold or golden red. Gold: from light apricot to reddish dark yellow. Greyhound: from light gray including silver to dark gray; It can be mixed with many other colors and forms to produce pepper mottle, pepper color, grayish white, blue gray and silver brown. Blue: refers to dark metallic gray, such as black with blue texture or blue spots. Dark brown: the hair is black; The fur is gold, silver, gray or brown. White: The white here is different from the white of albino dogs. Body lines include: white and brown, white and red, etc. There are obviously two colors of fur and the boundaries between these two colors are clear. Usually the upper part is darker, and the lower part of the leg or abdomen is lighter. Tricolor: composed of three colors; Common combinations include black, brown, white or crimson, brown and white. Stripe: a mixture of black and brown, tan or gold; It usually appears in the form of "tiger pattern".
Edit the ranking of dog's life in this section.
20.0-year-old Marta/KOOC-0/8-year-old toy poodle/KOOC-0/5-year-old miniature dachshund/KOOC-0/4.4-year-old whipple/KOOC-0/2.5-year-old American cocker spaniel/KOOC-0/3.5-year-old Shih Tzu/KOOC-0/ 3.4-year-old Beagle 13.3-year-old Beijing Dog 13.3-year-old Hilde Dog 13.3-year-old Border Collie 13.0-year-old Chihuahua Dog 13.0-year-old Foxtrot Dog 12. Dog 12.8 Yorkshire terrier 12.7 collie shepherd 12.3 Afghan hound 12.0 Golden Retriever) 12.0 French bulldog 12.0 English cocker spaniel/Kloc- Irish Seder1/Kloc-0 Siberian sled dog 1.8 Welsh Corgi 1 1.3 Samoyed dog 1.0 Samoyed dog.
Boxer 10.3 years old Du Binquan 9.8 years old Great Dane 8.4 years old Bernese Mountain Dog 7.0 years old Butterfly Dog 12- 13 years old In addition, the life span of this breed is about 12.6 years old.
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pet dog
There is often a strong emotional bond between people and dogs. Dogs have become human pets or non-utilitarian companions. People are willing to accept a good friend who is always happy to meet him, and this good friend has no utilitarian requirements. Especially, if dogs take them to exercise. Experiments have proved that dogs are very dependent on human companions, and the health of ownerless dogs is generally poor. Studies have found that dogs can convey profound emotions, which other animals do not have; This is said to be caused by its close relationship with modern human beings. In evolution, surviving dogs will gradually become more and more dependent on humans for their livelihood. In addition, it is usually unwise to personify the behavior of dogs. Although dogs can actively understand their owners' commands, it is still doubtful whether this animal really has the ability to perceive human emotions. It is still a subject that needs further study to determine the intelligence level of dogs and the motivation of dogs to respond to their owners' orders. Located in the North Pole
Work purpose
Home care home: the most important use in the past is now one of the main uses, perhaps second only to being a pet. Take care of life: dogs can be trained as "guide dogs" to take care of the blind. There are also some dogs that are used to take care of police dogs that have been paralyzed for a long time or have other inconveniences.
People. Dogs are man's most loyal friends. Please cherish it and love it. This is the most precious thing in its life.
But in the end, dogs are man's best friends. Please be kind to them and treat everyone equally. They are also spiritual animals. If you treat them well, they will certainly not hurt you. Even a dog with a sound mind will trust others easily. Be kind to them!