The word Taibai, named "Qinglian lay", is a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home was in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now near Tianshui City, Gansu Province), and he was exiled to Broken Leaves in Central Asia for crimes when he was in the Sui Dynasty (now near tokmak, the former Soviet Union, under the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty). Li Bai was born here. About five years old, he moved to Sichuan with his father and lived in Zhangming qinglian town, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province). "Violet" comes from this.
Li Bai is as famous as Du Fu and is known as "Du Li" in the world. Li Bai received a good education in his early years. At the age of five, he recited six classics, and at the age of ten, he studied a hundred. He often reads classics and works tirelessly (Shang 'an Peichang History Book). "Fifteen wonderful books, as a gift to Ling Xiangru" ("Gift Zhang" is the second of two).
On the one hand, it comes from family background, on the other hand, it comes from contact with many cultural classics since childhood. Li Bai's thought is complicated, with elements of Confucianism, Taoism, Rangers and Military Strategists, and it is mainly Confucianism and Taoism, and even puts Zhuangzi above Qu Yuan. Li Bai's political ideal is to "enlarge the atlas area and clarify Hai Xian County" (in response to Meng Shaofu's command). However, according to Li Bai's personality, he did not want to take part in the imperial examination, but lived in seclusion and made friends, hoping to take a "shortcut to the south" and make a name for himself in the capital until the court seized it. Li Bai worships Jiang Shang, Fan Li, Lu Zhonglian, Sean, Xie An and others. He worked as a teacher of the emperor, made outstanding achievements, and then retired.
As far as Li Bai's thought is concerned, it is a typical product of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In this regard, nearly a thousand years later, the poet Gong Zizhen said: "Zhuang and Qu's family can't be together, thinking of their hearts and confessing; Confucianism, immortals and chivalry are three things that cannot be combined into one. If they are angry, they will confess. "
However, just when it is about to make a difference, the prosperous time of Kaiyuan has passed, the court is increasingly corrupt, and a new crisis is brewing in society. Desire is extremely extravagant, but the hope of realization is extremely slim, so his feeling of being hit by himself is doubly heavy. Whenever he encounters setbacks and injustice, he will burst into strong indignation, and his bold criticism and denial of the order at that time are often overwhelming. However, in addition to his grief and indignation, he often wants to temporarily relieve his mental pain by seeking immortality in seclusion and drinking obscenity, which shows the profound influence of Taoist criticism of reality and seclusion thought. In this way, Li Bai spent an extraordinary life in the fierce ideological struggle between ideal and reality, birth and WTO entry.
Li Bai's life experience can be divided into four periods. In his youth, Li Bai studied in a wide range. In addition to Confucian classics and ancient literary and historical masterpieces, he also browsed hundreds of books and became a "good swordsman". Believing in Taoism, having the idea of transcending the secular; At the same time, he has the political ambition to make contributions. The poems he wrote in Shu as a teenager are rarely preserved, but they show outstanding talent. Li Bai traveled in eastern Sichuan when he was about twenty-five or six years old. In the following 10 years, he roamed many places in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River. In the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), he once arrived in Chang 'an to strive for a political way out, but failed. In the first year of Tianbao (742), he was called by Xuanzong to worship Hanlin in Chang 'an as a minister of civil affairs and participated in drafting documents. Less than two years later, he was forced to resign and leave Beijing. During this period, Li Bai's poetry and song creation tends to be mature. 1 1 years later, continue to wander in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. "Wandering around the world, it is suitable for poetry and wine." He still cares about state affairs and hopes to be re-appointed by the court. In the third year of Tianbao, Li Bai met Du Fu in Luoyang and became good friends. They didn't meet again after breaking up the next year. In the fourteenth year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai lived in seclusion in Xuancheng (now Anhui) and Lushan Mountain. In the following year1February, he was invited to Lilin, the shogunate of Wang Yong, hoping to eliminate the rebellion and restore national unity. After Wang Yong angered Su Zong and was killed, Li Bai was also convicted, imprisoned in Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi), and soon exiled Yelang (now Tongzi, Guizhou). On the way, I was forgiven and came back. I was 59 years old. Living in Jiangnan area in his later years. At the age of 6 1, I heard that Qiu Li Guangbi led an army out of the city to attack the Anshi rebels and went north to join the army to kill the enemy. He turned back halfway due to illness. The following year, he died in the apartment of his uncle Dangtu (now Anhui) county magistrate Li.
Du fu (7 12 ~ 770) was a poet in the Tang dynasty. Beautiful words. Originally from Xiangyang (now Hubei), he was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province.
Because he lived near Shaoling in the south of the city when he was in Chang 'an, he called himself Shaoling at night. When I was in Chengdu, I was recommended as a foreign minister, a staff officer and a proofreader. Later generations also called him Du Shaoling and Du Gongbu.
Du Fu grew up in a family with a literary tradition of "serving Confucianism and guarding officials". Du Fu's grandfather, Du Fu, was a famous poet and official caterer in the Wu Dynasty. His father, Du Xian, served as Sima of Yanzhou and magistrate of Fengtian County. He began to learn poetry at the age of 7, and at the age of 15, poetry attracted the attention of Luoyang celebrities. From the age of 20, his life can be divided into four periods.
The roaming period was from the 19th year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan (73 1) to the 4th year of Tianbao (745). Du Fu wandered for a long time twice. The first time was in Jiangnan. He has been to Jinling and Gusu, crossed Zhejiang, and went boating in Tunxi until he reached the foot of Tianmu Mountain. In the twenty-third year of Kaiyuan, he returned to Luoyang to take the Jinshi exam and was not admitted. The following year, he began to roam Qi and Zhao for the second time. In his later years, he recalled the scene at that time: "On the occasion of Qi and Zhao, Qiu Ma was quite wild." During these two wanderings, he saw the beautiful and majestic mountains and rivers of the motherland and absorbed the rivers.
Lunan culture broadens our horizons and enriches our knowledge. In the 29th year of Kaiyuan, I lived in shouyangshan between Luoyang and Yanshi, and probably married my wife Yang at this time. In the third year of Tianbao, Li Bai met in Luoyang. They traveled around Qilu, visited Taoism to find friends, talked about poetry and papers, and sometimes talked about current affairs, and formed a profound friendship. The following autumn, Du Fu will go west to Chang 'an, and Li Bai will revisit Jiangdong. They broke up in Yanzhou and never met again. Du Fu wrote many touching poems in memory of Li Bai.
At this time, the Tang Dynasty was still relatively strong, and the granary was quite substantial. However, Xuanzong began to exult and expand the frontier, consuming a lot of manpower and material resources, and an unstable crisis was lurking in the society. Du Fu had a premonition about this, but he didn't face it squarely. He leads a romantic life of climbing mountains, wading, singing and hunting. According to his own account, there may be hundreds of poems he wrote during this period, but only 20 poems have been handed down, mainly five-character poems and five-character ancient poems. Although there are some excellent works such as Wang Yue, on the whole, they have not surpassed the level of famous poets in Du period.
During the Chang 'an period, from the fifth year of Tianbao to the fourteenth year of Tianbao, Du Fu lived in Chang 'an for 10 years, and his life, thoughts and creation all changed greatly. He went to Chang 'an to get an official position and make achievements. In the sixth year of Tianbao, people with skills were selected by Xuanzong to Kyoto, and Du Fu took the exam. However, due to Li's destruction, a famous China book, no candidate was selected. In the tenth year of Tianbao, Xuanzong held three grand ceremonies to worship Laozi, Imperial Palace and Heaven and Earth. Du Fu wrote three "Gifts", which was appreciated by Xuanzong, and ordered the Prime Minister to examine his writings, ready to go, and no more. He kept writing poems and giving them to powerful people, hoping to get their recommendation, but to no avail. Finally, You Wei led the government to join Cao Jun, which was the last day of Du Fu's stay in Chang 'an and the eve of An Shi Rebellion.
Xuanzong in his later years completely changed the excellent political style of making great efforts in Kaiyuan period. There was a prime minister who was corrupt and arrogant, but he was militaristic, and he himself enjoyed himself in the palace. The people were brutally exploited by exorbitant taxes and levies. Du Fu was "trapped in food and clothing". In order to make a living, he had to go in and out of the aristocratic mansion, act as a "guest", accompany them to sing poems and write poems, drink and have fun, and get a little support. At the same time, he made some friends as poor as himself, and also made extensive contact with the working people. His footprints range from backcountry to noble gardens, from Qujiang, which is full of high-rise buildings and pavilions, to xian yangqiao, which must be visited before recruiting people. The failure of official career requirements gave him an objective understanding of the system.
The corruption of the ruling class and personal hunger and cold made him feel the sufferings of the people, and these two completely different lives were reflected in Du Fu's poems. Eleven years after Tianbao, he wrote immortal masterpieces such as Garage Shop, Two Roads, Before the Fortress and After the Fortress, and began to add new contents and new expressions to the poems at that time. In the winter of the 14th year of Tianbao, Du Fu visited his wife in Fengxian and wrote "From Beijing to Fengxian, I want to recite 500 words", expressing the deep affection of "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years, sighing hot in the intestines", summarizing the sharp social contradictions with "the wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road freezes to death", and describing the family situation of "My youngest son is hungry and dead". This is his ten years. There are more than 100 poems handed down in this period, most of which are ancient poems with five or seven words.
Zuo Shi was exiled from Su Zong to Deyuanzai (756) and Gan Yuan for two years (759). After the Anshi Rebellion, he went south and quickly occupied Luoyang and Chang 'an. Du Fu is now in Zhangzhou. He heard that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to the west of Sichuan and Su Zong ascended the throne in Lingwu, so he settled his family in Qiang village in the north of the city and went north to Lingwu alone. Unfortunately, the rebels stopped him and sent him to Chang 'an. Du Fu was caught in a thief for nearly half a year. He watched the solemn pacified capital desolate and miserable, and listened to the news that Tang Jun was wiped out after two counterattacks in Chen Tao and Qingban. He was filled with grief and indignation, and wrote such poems as Sad Chen Tao, Sad Qing Ban, Spring Hope and Aijiangtou.
In April of the second year of Zhide (757), Du Fu risked his life to escape from Chang 'an and went to Fengxiang, the temporary residence of Su Zong, and was appointed as the left addendum. Soon after, Su Zong was offended and tried for saving the house. I visited my wife in August and finished the long poem "Northern Expedition", which is comparable to "From Beijing to Fengxian in 500 words", depicting the bleak scenery on the journey and the poverty at home, and expressing my views on the current situation.
In September this year, Tang Jun recovered Chang 'an and Luoyang in October. Su Zong returned to Beijing at the end of October, and Du Fu also returned to Chang 'an at this time, still serving as the left gleaning. In May of the following year, Du Fu was transferred to Sigong of Huazhou to join the army under the influence of the struggle between Su Zongxin and Xuanzong. Say goodbye to Chang 'an from now on.
The following spring in Gan Yuan, Du Fu went to Henan to visit his former residence. On his way home, he witnessed the sufferings of the people under the cruel oppression of officials, and wrote six famous poems, such as Xin 'an Official, Tongguan Official, Shihu Official, Newly Married, Resignation and Homelessness, which were called "Three Officials" by later generations.
Three Farewells.
It was early summer when Du Fu returned to Iowa. At this time, Li was in power in the imperial court, and the old minister room of Xuanzong was excluded. Disappointed with politics, Du Fu resolutely abandoned his official position in early autumn to explore Qin Zhou. Less than April in Qin Zhou, I went to Tonggu in early winter; After staying in Tonggu for a month, I set foot on the difficult Shu Road and arrived in Chengdu at the end of the year.
The Anshi Rebellion was the turning point of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and great social, political and economic changes took place. Politically, the imperial court lost its centralized ruling power at home and could not resist the invasion of barbarians abroad; Economically, due to years of war and natural disasters, the countryside is in depression, and the exploitation of the people by the ruling class has intensified, resulting in a sharp drop in population and a decline in productivity. Du Fu also personally experienced very complicated changes: exile, being trapped in a thief's land, being left by the emperor to clean up his bones, going abroad to China, living on the desolate Luoyang Road, and Qin Zhou's trip to Sichuan-there is a great disparity in personnel relations and natural environment. This kind of life experience is much richer and harder than that in Chang 'an period, so there are many kinds of poems, and more than 200 poems have been handed down, most of which are masterpieces of Du Fu's poems.
Wandering in the southwest, from the first year of the reign of Su Zong Shang Yuan (760) to the fifth year of the reign of Da Li (770). 1 1 year, Du Fu spent eight years in Shu and three years in Jingxiang. Du Fu said that he was "wandering in the southwest between heaven and earth" in Kuizhou (Ode to Monument). In fact, he has lived in Chengdu for five years and his life is relatively stable. In the spring of the first year of Shangyuan, a thatched cottage was built near Huanhuaxi in the west of Chengdu, ending four years of exile and obtaining a place to live. He left the troubled and sorrowful Central Plains, and his eyes showed a beautiful pastoral scene. Flowers, birds, insects and fish seem to be attentive to him, which makes him temporarily rest from years of hard work and anxiety. He also wrote many poems, praising nature with infinite love. However, he never forgot those people who were exiled and had nowhere to live. In "The Song of Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage", he sang the famous sentence "There are thousands of spacious buildings in Qian Qian, and the poor in the world are happy."
At the end of last year, he came to Chengdu and served as Yin and Yu Shi of Chengdu, giving Du Fu a lot of help. In July of the first year of Daizong Baoying (762), Yanwu was called into Korea. Chengdu Shaoyin and Xu Yushi knew that he had defected in Chengdu, and Du Fu went into exile in Zizhou and Langzhou.
In the spring of Baoying, the Anshi Rebellion, which lasted for 78 years, ended. Du Fu was ecstatic when he heard the news and thought there was hope to return to Luoyang. He blurted out the seven laws that the two sides of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army, expressing his inner joy. This is the happiest song of Du Fu's life. However, happiness is only a flash in the pan The chaos in China has not been clarified. Tubo in the west invaded on a large scale and captured Chang 'an in October. Du Fu expressed infinite concern about this: "Is Xijing safe?" No one came. "He wrote many poems and expounded his political thoughts.
In the spring of the second year of Guangde (764), he was appointed as Yin and Jiannan in Chengdu, and Du Fu returned to Chengdu in March. Yanwu recommended Du Fu as the foreign minister of our staff and the Ministry of Industry. Du Fu lived in the shogunate of our province for several months. Not used to shogunate life, he repeatedly asked to return to the thatched cottage. Finally, Yanwu agreed to his request. In April of the first year of Yongtai (765), Yanwu died suddenly, and Du Fu lost his dependence. In May, he had to lead his family to leave the thatched cottage and take a boat to the east. "Five guests in Shu county, one year in Zizhou" ("Going to Shu") ended the first half of Du Fu's "wandering southwest".
Du Fu arrived in Yun 'an in September and was unable to move forward due to illness. It was not until the next spring that his condition improved that he moved to Kuizhou. He lived in Kuizhou for less than two years, and his creation is very rich, with more than 400 poems, accounting for more than two-seventh of Du Fu's poems. The poem praises the poor working people in Kuizhou, describes the steep mountains and rivers here, reflects the turmoil in Sichuan and the yearning for Chang 'an and Luoyang, and the number of nostalgic works has increased greatly. However, his health is getting worse and worse, and malaria, lung disease, rheumatism and diabetes are constantly bothering him.
Due to the harsh climate and few friends in Kuizhou, Du Fu set out for the canyon in the first month of the third year of Dali (768). Arrive in Jiangling in March. He wanted to go north to Luoyang, but he couldn't make it because of the chaos and traffic jam in Henan. I lived in Jiangling for half a year, moved to the police station for several months, and arrived in Yueyang at the end of the year, where I wrote "Follow the Swallow", which vividly reflected the sufferings of Hunan people.
Four or five years in Dali is the last two years of Du Fu's life. He has no fixed address, and travels between Yueyang, Changsha, Hengzhou and Leiyang, spending most of his time on the boat. Dali died on a boat on the Xiangjiang River between Changsha and Yueyang in the winter of five years, at the age of 59. Before he died, he wrote a long poem with 36 rhymes, Sleeping on a Sleeping Boat in the Storm. There is a line in the poem that "the blood of the war is still there, and the sound of the army is still moving to this day", and he is still thinking about the disaster of the country. After Du Fu's death, the coffin stopped in Yueyang, and it was only 43 years later, that is, in the eighth year of Xian Zongyuan (8 13), that it was taken by his grandson.
His son Du was moved and buried in shouyangshan, Henan.
During the period of 1 1, Du Fu wrote more than 1000 poems, accounting for more than 73% of all Du Fu's poems, most of which are modern poems-quatrains and metrical poems, as well as long poems.
The most striking feature of Du Fu's poetry creation is the close combination of social reality and personal life, and the perfect unity of ideological content and artistic form. Du Fu's poems profoundly reflect the social panorama of more than 20 years before and after the An Shi Rebellion in Tang Dynasty, vividly record his life journey, and reach the highest artistic achievement of Tang Dynasty's poetry. His poems can make readers "know the person" and "discuss the world" and play the role of "enlightening, observing, gathering people and complaining".
Du Fu's poems are called "the history of poetry". However, Du Fu's poetry, as a "history of poetry", is not an objective narrative. They write history in the style of poetry, but at the same time, they deeply reflect the reality and express the author's mood through a unique style. Pu Qilong, a Qing Dynasty man, said: "Poems of Shaoling are a person's temperament, and things of the Three Dynasties must be sent to others." (Reading-Jie's Poems on Chronology of Shaoling) Most of Du Fu's poems involve major issues such as politics, economy, military affairs and people's life in Xuanzong, Suzong and Daizong periods, but they are permeated with the poet's true feelings everywhere. For example, Du Fu's two masterpieces in his middle age, From Beijing to Fengxian, Singing 500 Words and Northern Expedition, contain lyricism, narration, discipline, reasoning, observing nature, exposing social contradictions, inner conflicts, political aspirations and opinions, personal experiences and family misfortunes, disasters of the country and people, and hopes for the future. These two long poems contain such rich contents that the author's emotions fluctuate and his language gallops, which proves that he is keenly sensitive to various phenomena of nature and society in this unfortunate era. Such a poem is a self-report of the poet's life and heart, and also a portrayal of the times and society. The fate of individuals is closely related to the fate of the people of the country, and the two have also reached a high degree of artistic integration. Another example is "Going to Jionji Pagoda with Gentlemen" and "Aijiangtou", which are short in length, but also have this feature.
Since the late Tianbao period, Du Fu has written a large number of poems on current affairs, whether stating political views, such as Washing Soldiers and Feeling written by Zizhou. Or expose the dissolute cruelty of the rulers, such as "Two Ways", "Two Memories of the Past" and "Yun 'an Three quatrains"; Or allegorical satire, such as "Phoenix"
Huangtai, sick orange, dry brown, guest seat; Or sympathy and care for the poor people, such as "the hut was blown by the autumn wind" and "Wu Lang again"; It is a combination of personal feelings and facts. There are also many long stories, some of which record the major events of the country in the past decade, such as "Huai Fu Shu Huai" and "Up to now"; Some describe local chaos, such as Caotang and Hengzhou; Some reminisce about the past, such as "Forced Random Story" and "Farewell"; What's more, as Pu Qilong said, "Give up the world or give up your life" (Reading Du Fu's Outline) contains strong lyrical elements.
The theme of war occupies a considerable number in Du Fu's poems. Du Fu held different attitudes towards different types of wars. Oppose the imperial court's belligerence and waste of manpower and material resources, such as Garage Shop, Kuizhou Letter, and Going Down the Hill in the Backyard; It is supportive to quell the rebellion and resist foreign aggression, such as "Watching Western Soldiers Stand by in Guanzhong" and "Watching Soldiers" in the early period of the An Shi Rebellion, and "Chronicle" written when Tubo invaded. What these poems condemn and praise is very clear. There are also some poems about war, both praising and condemning. Two groups of famous poems, before and after the dike, describe the changes of soldiers' mood in the process of joining the army, and actually reflect the poets' different views on the war from different angles. These two groups of poems praise the heroic scene on the battlefield, how soldiers are good at fighting, brave in sacrifice and win; He also condemned the king's endless frontier exploration and the arrogance and extravagance of the lords, which made the record lose its positive significance. These two groups of poems summarize the unfortunate fate of countless heroic soldiers through the confession of a soldier. Another example is "Three Officials" and "Three Partings", which more specifically express the author's inner conflict. On the way to Luoyang, Du Fu saw violent police forcibly recruiting young boys and lonely old people. He accused these people and condemned those officials, but when he thought of the lack of able-bodied men and the current enemies, he changed his tone and said a few words of comfort or encouragement to the conscripts as much as possible. In Yuan Dynasty, Du Fu wrote many poems about nature. The purpose of his singing is often to connect himself with current events. Poetry criticism and past dynasties' comments have made a lot of discussions on Du Shili's high degree of "scene blending". Du Fu's poems are not only highly integrated with scenes, but also with feelings, scenes and current events. When writing scenes and expressing feelings, the author seldom leaves reality, thinking of the era of war and chaos and people's misery. For example, when he was trapped in occupied Chang 'an, he wrote "Spring Watch" and when he entered Shu, he wrote "Jianmenguan", which are the most representative. In his later years, Du Fu made great achievements in this kind of poems, such as The Pavilion of Five Laws, On the River, Jianghan, Climbing the Building, Fermented Bean Curd, Night in the Pavilion, Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity, etc., which are all famous works with a blend of scenes and current affairs.
In addition, Du Fu also wrote some poems about painting, music, architecture, dance, utensils and agricultural production, which also absorbed the author's feelings and had the flavor of the times, which can be regarded as a colorful cultural history. In Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yunming wrote Du Fu's Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity.
There are also some poems in Du Fu's anthology, which are not strong in the flavor of the times and indifferent in personal feelings, especially some poems written by Du Fu in Chengdu Caotang. After years of migration and displacement, Du Fu went to Chengdu, established a thatched cottage, cultivated fields and got a temporary rest. So he carefully observed the dynamics of flowers, trees, birds, animals, insects and fish, and felt infinite love and profound experience. We can imagine Du Fu's feelings at that time, such as Screen Trace, For Agriculture, Tian She, Xu Bu, Heartwarming by Water Threshold, Reminiscence for a Long Journey and Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night. Of course, this kind of poem can't be compared with the poems discussed above, but it also represents the other side of Du Fu's humanity. He not only has deep feelings for the country and people, but also has a hobby for tiny creatures. He lives in seclusion near things (screen traces), likes to watch "fish out in the drizzle, swallows slanting in the breeze" (the water sill sends the heart away), and thinks that "flowers and willows are more selfless" (swimming backwards).
Du Fu wrote some poems to commemorate his family and friends, most of which were sentimental and infatuated. I miss the moonlit night written by my wife when she was trapped in a thief, and I miss the moonlit night written by my brother in Qin Zhou. Among many poems that miss friends, Li Bai is the most prominent one. Du Fu presented Li Bai, remembered Li Bai, dreamed Li Bai, sent Li Bai and other poems related to Li Bai, including more than ten poems. Almost the capital showed profound friendship, warm care and sincere admiration for Li Bai. Du Fu regards poetry as a lifelong career and thinks that "poetry is my family's business" (Zongwu Holy Day). He began to study poetry at the age of seven and never stopped writing poetry until the eve of his death. From the Anshi Rebellion to his arrival in Chengdu, he wrote the most profound poems in the most difficult years. He was sickly in Kuizhou and wrote the most. He is rich in life experience, full of political enthusiasm for patriotism and love for the people, and has also made great efforts in artistic skills. "Words don't astonish and die endlessly" (Talking about the water on the river like the tide) and "Singing by a New Poet" (the seventh of twelve poems to relieve boredom) show his serious attitude in creation. Du Fu also commented on poems with poems, and expressed his thoughts of inheriting fine traditions and commenting on poets in ancient and modern times in "Drama is six quatrains" and "Twelve Poems for Relieving boredom" (the fourth to the eighth). Du Fu greatly expanded the field of poetry in both content and form. Hu Zhenheng in Ming Dynasty said: "Entering poetry with current events began in Du Shaoling." This sentence (Tang Yin returns the money) is not entirely true, because before Du Fu, there were poems describing current events, but it is rare for Du Fu to go deep into the people, gain insight into the disadvantages of the times, and integrate all major issues with social significance into "amazing" poems. Yang Lun said: "Since the Six Dynasties, Yuefu imitated plagiarism, and Chen Xiangyin was the most disgusting. When Zi Mei came out, she felt what she felt at that time. When she went to Benjamin, she was in trouble. The people there were very poor. She asked questions at will and tried to get rid of the stereotypes of her predecessors. " Although this is a comment on "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", it can also summarize most of Du Fu's important poems. Yuan Zhen wrote Du Fu's inscription on the tomb of Yuan Wailang Du Jun in the Tang Dynasty, saying that "since the poet, no one has ever been as beautiful as a child".
Du Fu's poems have various forms. Du Fu can master all kinds of forms of poetry best, and can make each form get new development. He is good at recording trekking, social Vientiane, people's life and many dramatic speech actions in five-character ancient poems. His writing style is vivid, which makes people feel that it is not limited to five words, and his tone is natural. The most obvious example is Qiang village, which gave eight guards, three officials, three farewells, was drunk by the mud of abundance, beautiful, strict, clean and so on. He is good at expressing uninhibited or depressed feelings in seven-character ancient poems, and expressing his views on politics and society, such as Drunk Songs for Zheng Guangwen, Washing Terracotta Warriors and Horses, Seven Poems of Yuan Qu Living in Bronze Drum, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Suiyan Hang and so on. Du Fu's five-character poems and seven-character poems are very skillful and have achieved great success, accounting for more than half of Du Fu's poems. Five-character poems were seen in Du Fu's roaming period, and most of the famous seven-character poems were produced after he arrived in Chengdu. Du Fu's profound feelings are condensed in the Five Laws and fully developed in the Seven Laws. Five methods, such as longing for spring, Li Bai at the end of the day, traveling after, "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night", water sill to send the heart, guest night, nine days to board Zizhou City, conscription, night to express one's feelings, Sujiang Biange, climbing Yueyang Tower, and seven methods, such as books and buildings. Du Fu also wrote many five-character poems and several seven-character poems, which greatly developed the lines of poetry. For example, Li's "Autumn Guest Hundred Rhymes" is as long as 1000 words. Except for a few natural ones (such as five lines and ten rhymes to send Gong Yan to court, Ling Zhou Road to send your majesty to his post, and seven lines and two Qingming poems), most of them piled up too many allusions, which covered up rich emotions or filled the emptiness of entertainment content. The quatrains in Du Fu's poems were basically written in the last 1 1 year of wandering in the southwest. Due to the great achievements of Du Fu's classical poems and metrical poems, his quatrains are often ignored. However, Du Fu still made a lot of contributions to quatrains, expressing emotion on the spot, reflecting the riots and people's lives in central Sichuan, and absorbing the essence of folk songs. Du Fu's Poems and Paintings Axis Zhang Yong's Works in Qing Dynasty
Of course, Du Fu also wrote some boring poems about giving gifts to powerful people, serving them and entertaining them. When he was a noble guest in Chang 'an, begging for a position from a vassal, and wandering in the southwest, he had to deal with local officials for food and clothing. Many of his poems were arranged in five lines, praising each other's wisdom with a lot of allusions and expressing his poverty for begging for mercy and giving gifts, which was not high in style. Xi Chun Carved Du Gongbu's Poems in Song Dynasty
Generally speaking, Du Fu is always hungry and cold, with the ambition of saving the world, living in poverty but not world-weariness; In terms of poetic art, it combines the achievements of classical poetry and innovates and develops it, which has a wide influence on later poets. When Du Fu was alive, his poems were not valued by people at that time. Forty years after their death, they began to be more important than Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen and others. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen's new Yuefu movement were obviously influenced by Du Fu's poems in literary thought. The famous satirical articles on current affairs in Li Shangyin's modern poems, both in content and art, have got the essence of Du Fu's poems. The famous poets in Song Dynasty, such as Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Lu You, all praised Du Fu, and their poems inherited Du Fu's tradition from different aspects. At the end of Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang, a national hero, was captured by Yuan people and imprisoned in prison. He collected 200 five-character poems by Du Fu, and said in Preface to Du Fu's Poems: "Zi Mei is my first word." The influence of Du Fu's poems is not only confined to the scope of literature and art, but more importantly, the patriotism and love for the people in his poems have been inspiring readers for thousands of years and still have educational significance today.
Su Shi (1036—110/) was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan).
Su Shi was a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is an outstanding writer who is versatile in literature and art.
He was born in a well-educated family, and his father Su Xun was a famous essayist. He is good at planning and writing, and his style is arbitrary, which has obvious influence on Su Shi. Su Shi's outstanding achievements in prose, poetry and painting, on the one hand, depend on his own diligence, on the other hand, Su Xun has a far-reaching influence on him.
Su Shi was listed as one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties because of his prose achievements, and was later called "the four masters of Han, Liu and Ou Su". His poems are regarded as "the model of Song poetry"; His ci is called "legislation for ci" and is recognized as the representative and pioneer of the wild school; In painting, he, together with Mi Fei and Li Longmian, is known as the four great masters of the Song Dynasty. He is good at drawing ink bamboo, but his calligraphy also has unique attainments.
Su Shi had a rough life. He became a scholar at the age of 20, and his life was tortuous and dangerous. Su Shi is indeed a poet who has gone through hardships and completed himself.
Su Shi's survival time coincided with the dispute between Wang Anshi's reform and reform party and Sima Guang's old party. Because of his insistence on justice, Su Shi was caught between two forces, and was repeatedly relegated and tortured. Footprints have entered 20 places: Sichuan-Kaifeng-Fengxiang-Beijing-Hangzhou-Mizhou-Xuzhou-Huzhou-Huangzhou-Changzhou-Dengzhou-Beijing-Hangzhou-Yingzhou-Xuanzhou-Huizhou-Danzhou and so on.
Although Su Shi has gone through an extremely tortuous and dangerous life path, he has never been depressed and desperate, but has gone through hardships to complete himself and achieve real detachment. No setback or misfortune can defeat him mentally.
In general, Su Shi is Su Shi. He got rid of mental depression and finally achieved something in his career. Wherever he went, he actively did practical things for the people and left a "political voice" everywhere. In Fengxiang, he was called "Su Xianneng"; Dredge Hangzhou West Lake and build Su Causeway; He built hospitals and schools in Hainan. In the creation of civilization, his best poems are written in depravity; In my life, wherever I go, I can keep close contact with the masses and win the love of local people. Su Shi has a great influence among the people. Dongpo towel, Dongpo hat, Dongpo fan, Dongpo wine, etc. Either it is popular for a while or it has been passed down to this day. It shows that Su Shi has great influence among the people.
Su Shi also left a lot of legacy. In addition to the "Su San Temple" in Meishan, Sichuan, there are hundreds of relics about Su Shi all over the country. Susan Temple has an inscription by Zhu De:
One family, three fathers and sons, all great writers.
Poetry and Fu have been handed down from generation to generation, and Emei has a high proportion of * * *