Interpretation of "Wadang" in Collected Works of Wang Aijun Military Friendship Association: Wadang was called Wadang in Song Dynasty and Chang 'an, Li Haowen. The roof tiles of traditional palace buildings in China are all arranged in an upturned row, and a semicircular "tube tile" is added between the two rows of upturned tiles. The tiles in the Qin and Han Dynasties were more than two feet long with bamboo shoots at both ends. When extended to the eaves, one end of the tile is at a right angle downward to protect the rafters, and the diameter varies from five to six inches or seven to eight inches. Because it is the bottom layer of many tiles and the comb is comparable to the eaves, the tiles are worth it. As for the upward tile, extending to the eaves, the tile head is semicircular downward, commonly known as half tile. The tile is shaped like a bronze mirror with the names of the Palace Temple, Que Temple, Mausoleum and Guan Cang written on it, or with auspicious language or pictures, which can be used by both officials and the people. Its era began in the Zhou and Qin Dynasties and ended in the Six Dynasties. Its characters are decorated with patterns, and the times are earlier. During the Warring States period, Wadang made gluttonous patterns, figures, birds and animals. After the Han Dynasty, patterns such as sun, moon, ape, swan goose, black dragon, white tiger, rosefinch, four gods, moire and grass leaves appeared. Word tiles began in the Qin Dynasty, ranging from twelve characters, four characters and five characters to one word and two characters. Most of them are seal scripts, which bend with the trend, and the fonts are ancient and different, sometimes square. Its workers are written by literati, and the poor are made by craftsmen. Among these relics, the most famous are Wei Tian's spirit, Yan Yuan's eternal life and eternal happiness. Han's Ganquan Shanglin, Changling and Weizi Wadang. In ancient times, the tile was hard and thin, and every good man in later generations ground it into an inkstone.

Wadang is commonly known as tile head. It is a cover covering the front end of the building tile (different from dripping, dripping refers to the cover covering the front end of the building tile, which is drooping). It is an important part of ancient buildings in China, which plays a role in protecting wooden cornices and beautifying the outline of roofs. Ceramic tiles in different historical periods have different characteristics. Qin Wadang's decorative patterns are widely used, with the smell of mountains, birds, deer, badgers, fish, turtles and insects. The pattern is vivid, concise and vivid. At this time, most of the tiles are animal images, including deer, four gods, geese, fish, and changeable situations.

Grain. The picture is combined with freehand brushwork and ingenious design. Some divide the picture into two, others into four, seeking change in symmetry, balancing nature and full of life. Wadang reached the peak of technology in Han Dynasty. Decorative themes include four gods, wing tigers, birds and beasts, insects, plants, moire patterns, figures, clouds and figures, clouds and animals, etc. There is a format in which tiles and breast nails are used to separate the pictures. There are words 1 to 12 in the wording tile, including auspicious words such as "Changle is not ended", "eternal life is not ended" and "infinite heaven", and some indicate the name and purpose of the building. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the tile surface was small, the pattern was mainly cirrus clouds, and the tile characters decreased sharply. In the Tang Dynasty, lotus tiles were the most common, while word tiles were almost extinct. Tiles with animal faces in the Song Dynasty and tiles with dragon faces in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Tile-shaped characters, the die-printed characters on the roof tiles of palaces in Qin and Han Dynasties, are mostly used as seal characters, which are the changes of the situation, the ups and downs of essays, rich twists and turns, varied and rugged, so they are treasured by calligraphers, and seal engravers often imitate tile-shaped styles for printing. -"Appreciation of Historic Sites" costs money to win the tile, also called tile head, which refers to the specific part hanging from the top of the tile. Tiles, that is, ceramic sheets with circular arcs, are used to cover the roof; The so-called "dang" is explained as follows: "Dang also covers the tile at the bottom, just as the tile at the bottom is better than the eaves and the tile covers the tile, which is worthy of the name." Tile is the first end of tile, which is used for the roofs of ancient buildings in China. Its main functions are waterproof, drainage and protection of wooden frame. Practically, it is not only convenient for the roof to leak rain, but also plays a role in protecting the eaves and increasing the beauty of the building. Its styles are mainly circular and semi-circular. Tile is an important part of tile used in ancient buildings in China.

The earliest ceramic tiles in China were found at the Joo Won? site in Qishan, Fufeng, Shaanxi, which was the birthplace of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Most of them are ordinary semi-circular tiles, and some are semi-tiles with heavy rings. In the Han dynasty, ceramic tiles were mainly gray pottery.

As far as materials are concerned, there are mainly gray pottery tiles, glazed tiles and metal tile. Grey pottery tile is the oldest and most common tile, and it has been the most important variety from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

After the Tang Dynasty, glazed tiles appeared. Glazed tiles are fired on argillaceous tiles, and the colors are blue, green, blue and yellow, which are used in advanced buildings.

During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, metal tile was used in some buildings. There are three kinds of metal tiles: cast iron, brass and gold plated. There are circular and semi-circular (semi-tile), and semi-tile is mainly found in Qin dynasty and before Qin dynasty.

Ceramic tiles are engraved with various patterns, such as word tiles, animal tiles, plant tiles, geometric tiles, combined tiles (such as geometric tiles, animal tiles, plant tiles, etc. ), and Suwa does not carve.

Most of them are plain semi-circular tiles, and there are also double-ring patterns and half tiles. During the Warring States period, the tiles used in various countries all have strong local characteristics, but they are mostly image tiles, such as the half tile with double animal patterns unearthed in the ancient city of Linzi, Shandong Province; Gluttonous patterns and half tiles unearthed in Yanxiadu, Yixian County, Hebei Province; Round tile with animal pattern unearthed in Qin Dou, Yongcheng, Fengxiang, Shaanxi, moire and sunflower tile unearthed in Xianyang, among which Qin tile with animal pattern is the most outstanding. After Qin Dynasty, moire and sunflower tiles became popular. In the Han Dynasty, the wide use and artistry of tile-shaped tiles reached its peak. Geographical distribution is extremely extensive. In the Western Han Dynasty, in addition to various moire tiles, the last and most important tile appeared in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty-Ziwa, with a diameter of15-18.5cm, a small size of13cm and a large size of 22cm. At least 1 characters, and at most 12 characters. According to the text content, it can be divided into palace, official office, ancestral grave, residence, auspicious time, chronicle and so on. Characters' writing lines have reached a high degree of harmony in many aspects, such as straightness, Fiona Fang, density and correctness. They are square or beautiful, natural and breathtaking. The characters in the Western Han Dynasty are tile-shaped, large and beautiful, large in quantity and endless in change, which is really a precious relic of calligraphy in the Western Han Dynasty. Elephant tiles were not the mainstream in the Han Dynasty, but the four gods around Chang 'an in the Han Dynasty, Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku and Xuanwu, were the last word. The four gods represent four directions: east, west, north and south. There are several different versions of Sishenwa, with elegant composition, meticulous production and high artistic level. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, tile art declined. With the introduction of Buddhism, word tiles and decorative tiles gradually declined, lotus tiles flourished, and there were also a few Buddha tiles. After the Song Dynasty, the tile-dang art started in Xishan, completely losing its former style.

systems modelling

Tiles are flat when they are first made. With the improvement of ancient people's appreciation of architecture, decorative samples of animals and plants appeared on ceramic tiles.

There are many kinds of ceramic tile patterns in Qin dynasty, including animal patterns, insect patterns, bird patterns and plant patterns. For example: Kuiwen, Deer, Four Beasts, Leopard, Hong Fei, Phoenix, Cicada, Clouds and Trees. The word "tile" refers to the words decorated on the tile. Tile fonts are generally printed in Liao Dynasty, and there are also official scripts. Fonts are rich, flexible and straight. There are more than a dozen words on the tile, and there is only one word. Tile characters played a major role in the Han Dynasty, which can be roughly divided into two categories. One is dedicated to architecture, such as the tiles in Ganquan Palace, which are "immortal". The Lantian Palace of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is Wadang's "Dinghu Yanshou Palace" and so on. Then there are compliments and auspicious words. Such as "long live the Millennium" and "eternal life without promise". There are many tiles with four characters, and the maximum number of characters can reach 12 words.

The decorative patterns of Wadang in Qin and Han dynasties are beautiful and generous, vivid and ingenious. The decorative design of ceramic tiles is exquisite, and the text is beautifully typeset. In a circular or semi-circular picture, animals appear natural and lively, their expressions are naive and realistic, and the words are arranged and combined reasonably, which shows the genius and wisdom of our working people. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the tile was more decorative, unique in style and diverse in plastic arts.

The four gods' tiles unearthed from the site of Chang 'an City in Shaanxi Province are more distinctive, unified in style and matched.

Longwa, diameter 18.6 cm, side wheel width about 2 cm. The surface composition is decorated with a semi-embossed dragon, which is strong and strong, with a big mouth and extraordinary momentum. Dragon is supreme in the hearts of the ancients, and it is also a symbol of gods and authority. Emperors of past dynasties called it "the real dragon emperor" and so on.

Tiger tile, with a diameter of 19 cm and a side wheel width of 2. 1 cm, is a magnificent tiger body, which surrounds the middle circle, has a magnificent posture, opens its mouth, bares its teeth, its head and claws are opposite to each other, and its tail is bent upward, just filling the extra space, coordinating the whole picture and making the composition balanced.

Rosefinch tile, diameter 15.8 cm, side wheel width 2 cm. Suzaku is the mascot imagined by the ancients. It is a combination of peacock, golden pheasant, ribbon bird and other birds. It has a strong color, and its image is constantly changing because of the changes of the times. Suzaku in Wali holds a treasure in her mouth, holding her head high and her tail cocked, which is even more majestic and fierce.

Xuanwu ceramic tile, diameter 18.5cm, width 2. 1cm. The surface of the tile consists of a tortoise crawling. In order to coordinate the space, the snake bends around the snake body, making the stupid tortoise and the sensitive snake a combination of tortoise and snake. This extra space is uneven, and the whole picture is compact, not dull, but vivid. This kind of tile is not only used to indicate the direction in buildings, but also used in Xuanwu Que.