In geological history, Tianshan geosyncline was formed in Late Sinian. After Caledonian movement, especially Variscan movement, the geosyncline returned in an all-round way, and the fold uplifted, forming the ancient Tianshan Mountains. The main rocks that make up the mountains are Paleozoic metamorphic rocks, pyroclastic rocks and Variscan intrusive rocks. From Mesozoic to the end of Eogene, the ancient Tianshan Mountains were denuded and leveled into a quasi-plain. In the Late Tertiary, especially after Pliocene, the fault block uplifted in the quasi-plain, forming a multi-level mountain planation plane, which became the modern Tianshan Mountains through the alternating action of glaciers and flowing water. It is an important earthquake zone in China.