Heresy court

The inquisition (or heresy inquisition, heresy trial, Latin: inquisitio haereticace practices sanctium) was established by Dominicans (one of the Catholic monasteries) in 123 1 year by the decision of Catholic Pope II. This court is responsible for investigating, judging and ruling what the Catholic Church considers heresy, and has imprisoned and executed dissidents.

history

The development of the Inquisition has gone through three stages:

Medieval inquisition.

The Spanish Inquisition, which belongs to the Spanish royal family, was established in 1478.

The Roman Inquisition, the predecessor of the congregational church, was founded in 1542.

Before the inquisition was established, the mission of the church against heresy was usually investigated by bishops and punished by secular courts. The third Latlang Grand Council (1 179) began to legislate on this issue, which became the legal basis for the Crusaders to suppress Albigences later. 1224, Emperor Frederick II executed the stake for heresy, and later I followed suit.

Initially, the Inquisition was established in the local parish and was controlled by the bishop. Because the bishop was sometimes absent from his parish or busy with official duties, the inquisition was inefficient at that time. So Pope Elucius IX issued an encyclical in 13 years 1930 years, and established an inquisition directly under the jurisdiction of the Pope. 123 1 year, Pope Gregory IX published "excommunication Camus" condemning heresy and thinking of new ways to deal with heresy. He set up a series of new initiatives, namely heresy courts, in Germany, northern France, languedoc and Italy. Most of the judges sent to heresy courts are Dominican monks. In Europe in the past, the Inquisition was notorious and disgraceful, but it was not an institution at that time, at best, it was just a series of inquisitors. Pope enoch IV further approved that the Inquisition could use punishment at trial. Existing punishments include confiscation of all property, flogging, imprisonment, life imprisonment and burning at the stake. Because of the right to search suspects and associates, it makes everyone feel insecure. During the centuries when the inquisition existed, many unfair trials were conducted in the name of religion. The Inquisition limited the development of thought and culture in medieval Western Europe, but consolidated the authority of the church. On the other hand, the Inquisition, like the Crusaders, left a stain on Catholic history.

Medieval inquisition

1229 An important meeting was held in Toulouse. In order to deal with the forces of Catalonia and Valledos at that time, it was decided at the meeting to prohibit all laymen from buying the Bible, especially all its translations, except all the verses in the Psalms and daily prayers. The second important action of the conference was to establish a heresy tribunal. Roman emperors in the late Middle Ages condemned Catalans and Manichaeism as heresies and had to be put to death. The vicious punishment of heresy in this period made Catalonia extinct a hundred years later, and the Valledo Sect was also devastated. Because of this early success, the Roman church still used this method to deal with it during the Reformation. [2]

Spanish inquisition

Main entry: Spanish inquisition

1478, Queen Isabella of Spain asked Pope Cedo IV for permission to establish it, which was used to maintain Catholic orthodoxy and punish heresy by cruel means, and was accused by Pope Cedo IV. It was not until 19 th century that the Spanish inquisition was abolished. During the period from 1483 to 1820, * * 380,000 people were sentenced to heresy and 654.38+10,000 people were burned at the stake.

Mexican inquisition

As early as 1539, Mexican religious courts began to burn Don Carlos Omo Toki (Chief Teskoko) who attacked the church. Later, in 157 1, don Pedro Moya contreras from Spain formally established the arbitration tribunal of the clerical department of the church court in Mexico and became the first referee. This court was finally suspended by 1820.

reference data

1 John Mannasz, History of Christianity in Oxford, edited by Zhang Jinglong, Sha Chen and Chen Zuzhou, (Mainland: Oxford University Press, 1996), 184- 185.

2 Walker, History of the Christian Church, edited by Xie Shouling and Zhao Yizhi (Hong Kong: Christian Literature and Art Publishing House, 1998), 400-402 pages.