Brief introduction of Queen Liu E
Su, the queen of Zhaoming, whose name is Liu E (65438+9681October 28th ~1April 30th, 033), is the queen. 10 12 years, Zhao Hengli of Song Zhenzong made Liu E the queen, at this time Liu E was 44 years old. After Liu E became a queen, she was more demanding and respectful. After decades of study and preparation, Liu E is now familiar with arts, science and politics. When Song Zhenzong read the newspaper, Liu E also expressed his opinion. After listening to Liu E's opinion, Song Zhenzong was full of praise for her.
When Song Zhenzong goes out on patrol, he should also take Liu E with him. 1020, Song Zhenzong was seriously ill and it was very difficult to handle political affairs. During this period, almost all the memorials were written by Liu E. Later, Song Zhenzong's illness became more and more serious, so Prince Zhao Zhen was allowed to participate in politics, and Queen Liu E was also allowed to participate in politics. Ministers are opposed to the Queen's interference in political affairs on the grounds that the prince is not the Queen's own. However, the prince was grateful for Liu E's support, and their relationship was like a biological mother and son. The prince ignored the minister's criticism and continued to let Liu E participate in politics. In A.D. 1022, Song Zhenzong died of illness, and the Prince succeeded to become Song Renzong. At this time, Song Renzong 1 1 year-old, the regime was controlled by Liu E, and Liu E began his career of listening to politics.
During this period, Liu E helped Song Renzong get rid of the traitor Ding Wei of the Song Dynasty and consolidated the Song regime. In addition, Liu E implements a clear system of rewards and punishments, and severely punishes all officials who make mistakes. Liu E is good at finding and appointing talents. She successively promoted Wang Zeng, Zhang and others, and delivered a batch of talents for the Northern Song Dynasty. In life, Liu E advocated a simple life. When Song Zhenzong was alive, Liu Egui was the queen, but she didn't love Hanfu, and her clothes were simple and frugal, which won the praise of the people. 1033, when Song Renzong was 24 years old, Liu E learned that Song Renzong was capable of handling state affairs, so he completely returned the political power to Song Renzong.
The life of queen Liu e
Liu E was born on the eighth day of the first month in the first year of Kaibao (968) (65438+1October 28th). His grandfather Liu Yanqing was the right Xiao David at the end of Jin Dynasty and the end of Han Dynasty (Shi Jingtang, the great-grandfather of Jin Dynasty, set out to the south of Taiyuan, and Taiyuan, the capital of Han Dynasty), and his father Liu Tong was the commander-in-chief and led the secretariat (now Leshan, Sichuan). When Liu E was born, her mother Ponzi dreamed that she would fall in her arms next month. After waking up, she gave birth to a daughter named Liu E. However, shortly after Liu E was born, Liu Tongbian was ordered to go to war. Unexpectedly, he died on the battlefield. Because Liu Tong had no children and his family had declined, Ponzi had to live with his infant daughter. I don't know whether Pang Jia was poor or Liu Tong didn't receive any property before his death. Although Liu E is a secretariat girl, she can read and write, but she has learned to make a living with one hand and is good at speaking drums.
When Liu E was thirteen or fourteen years old, the Pang family married her to a young silversmith Gong Mei. Liu E is beautiful, and Gong Mei's wife can't stand her, so Gong Mei took her to Kaifeng, the capital, to make a living.
Gong Mei is outstanding in craftsmanship, kind-hearted and good at making friends, especially with Zhang Jian, a policeman at home. Xiang Wang is the future Zhao Heng of Song Zhenzong. At this time, his name is Zhao Yuankan, but he has not been registered as a prince.
According to the History of Song Dynasty, Liu E, who was 15 years old, entered the government with her first acquaintance, but both she and Liu E were born in 968. At the age of 17, she was made king of Korea, and in the year of Duan AD (988), she was made king of Xiang at the age of 20.
In a word, they are a fashionable unmarried couple. When he heard that women in Shu were both talented and beautiful, he asked his entourage to secretly find one. Liu E made money by making public appearances with her husband, which is well known to Zhao Heng's followers. Gong learned that he chose Ji and refused to give up. She changed her name to Liu E's cousin and let Liu E enter Wang Fu. (However, about this story, there is also a saying that the Liu family has fallen into the middle earth, and Liu E has no friends. The kind-hearted Gong Mei accepted her and asked her to go to Kaifeng together. These two are cousins, not husband and wife. In any case, whether only Song Zhenzong knows. )
In February of the 4th year of Tianxi (1020), Zhenzong fell ill and his daily political affairs were hard to support. In fact, all the government affairs presented to the emperor were handled by Empress Liu E ... Later, Zhenzong became seriously ill, and he wrote a letter: After that, Crown Prince Zhao Zhen listened to politics in Zishan Hall, and the Empress was wise and assisted. ? This imperial edict recognized Liu E's power to decide political affairs.
The princes felt uneasy. Although Liu E is not the birth mother of the prince, she regards the prince as her own son and tries her best to be a mother. No one can alienate her.
In February of the first year of Ganxing (1022), Zhao Heng, a 54-year-old Song Zhenzong native, died in Yanqing Hall. The testamentary edict said: The Prince ascended the throne, Empress Liu was the Empress Dowager, and Yang was your concubine. This is a great event for the military? Take the right? Empress Dowager Cixi was punished. The little emperor Zhao Zhen was only eleven years old at this time. Actually, Liu E handles government affairs.
However, Ding Wei wanted to monopolize the power in the Song Dynasty, deceiving his superiors and deceiving his subordinates, and thought Liu E was a woman without knowledge. Although Liu E cultivated him because of his unstable position, she had already discovered Ding Wei's illegal behavior in the Song Dynasty for many years, and now she was even more angry and determined to get rid of him. In June of that year, Lei Yungong, the eunuch who colluded with Ding Wei in the Song Dynasty, was punished, and Ding Wei was relegated to the Song Dynasty. After Ding Wei was demoted to Song Dynasty, Liu E began to listen to the political decision of Injong Zhao Zhen and formally made a curtain call.
Liu E knew that he came from humble origins and respected the literati in the Song Dynasty. As a result, she vigorously promoted her mother line and kept offering sacrifices to her ancestors: her great-grandfather Liu became a military envoy, a middle school assistant, a middle school secretary and a secretary-general, and her great-grandmother Song was finally awarded the title of Mrs. An Guotai; Grandfather Liu Yanqing was appointed as our ambassador and secretary of Changhua Army and Xu Guogong, and grandmother Yuanshi County named Mrs. Qi Guotai. Father Liu Tong is Wang Wei, the third secretary of Kaifu Yitong, and mother Ponzi is Mrs. Kuk thae Kim.
Liu E strict orders, moderate rewards and punishments. Although she is inevitably partial to her family, she does not condone their interference in state affairs. In the face of right and wrong, she paid more attention to the opinions of the literati. Wang Zeng, Zhang, Lu Zongdao are all people she values, and Liu's in-laws have never done anything harmful to the country.
Liu E is also very simple. When she was the queen, her clothes were simple. When she became the queen mother, she still didn't change her habits. The maid-in-waiting saw the emperor's maid-in-waiting in gorgeous clothes and thought she was the maid-in-waiting of the queen mother. How can she be compared? Reporting to Liu E, Liu E was unmoved. That's for the emperor to enjoy. You don't have this qualification. ?
Although Liu E has been in power for a long time and is unwilling to give power to Injong, she is still a loving mother. Renzong was weak and sick when he was young. Liu E was busy with government affairs and asked Yang to take care of her. Injong's name is Liu E? Big queen? , Yang Fei for? Little girl "
Although Liu E didn't want to return to politics in Injong, he didn't want to be independent. Cheng Lin presented the "Samurai to Court", and Liu E threw it on the ground, saying, I would never do such a thing! ?
After Liu E's statement, ministers were relieved, and Injong was grateful. He was respectful and filial, and even issued an imperial edict in September of the seventh year of Tiansheng (1029), raising the ceremony of the Queen Mother's birthday Changning Festival to the same level as the Emperor's birthday Ganyuan Festival.
In February of the second year of Ming Dow (1033), a ceremony for ancestor worship was held in Liu E. Realizing that her fate was near, she wanted to wear the crown once before she died, so she proposed to use it as a memorial to the ancestral temple. The princes made a fuss, but they had to reduce the decoration on the emperor's armor and present it.
On the second day of February, Empress Liu E, wearing the clothes of the son of heaven and the crown of heaven, entered the ancestral temple under the guidance of attendants for the first ceremony. In order to make this ceremony go smoothly, Yang Guifei personally presided over the ceremony, and Queen Guo Renzong presided over the ceremony at the end. After the ceremony, Liu E accepted the honorific titles given to him by ministers in Wende Hall of the ancestral temple: Yingtian Princess, Sage, Meritorious Service, Dedication, Kindness and Longevity. Since then, he has completely returned to his son Renzong.
Liu E also had the idea of being the emperor. On one occasion, she asked Lu Zongdao: How did Wu Zetian of Tang decide? The answer is:? The sinners in the Tang Dynasty were also a danger to the country. ? Upon hearing this, Liu E was silent. Some courtiers tried to please Liu E. For example, Zhong Fang bowed and asked Liu E to build an ancestral temple like Wu Zetian Liu. At first, Liu E got carried away, but she hesitated. After consulting with the veterans, she gave up the idea. Later, Cheng Lin presented a picture of the future of Wuhou, calling Liu E the contemporary Empress Wu. Liu E immediately threw the painting on the ground and shouted: I can't be sorry for my ancestors! I'm not, and I don't want to be the second Wu Zetian! ?
In September, Injong issued a letter, and Liu E and Li Fei moved and buried Yongding Mausoleum at the same time. On the day when the coffin was opened, Injong first led Liu E, not only held a filial son ceremony, but also held a ceremony in person (pulling the coffin rope) regardless of the advice of the prime ministers, and walked out of the imperial palace. Then, he came to Hongfu Garden where Li Chenfei was buried, woke up for his birth mother, and lay on the coffin crying. What is the reward for your hard work? ?
After Liu E's death, the Liu family was more respected than before. Liu E once had a testamentary edict ordering Renzong to honor his foster mother Yang as the empress dowager. Renzong obeyed his will and made Yang the Queen Mother. Although Queen Yang didn't listen to politics, Renzong was filial. Three years later, Yang Guifei also died at the age of 56, and she was named the queen (later changed to Queen Zhang Hui).
Liu e's legend
Handed down from the Ming dynasty? Civet cats for princes? The story tells that Song Zhenzong's princess Liu E and Chen Fei Li are pregnant at the same time, and her husband is a prince, while Liu Defa is jealous and colludes with officials around her to exchange the prince for a skinned civet cat. Zhenzong thinks that Li Chenfei gave birth to a deformed child and put Li Chenfei in limbo, and made Liu Defai the prince of Chu Jun and the queen.
After the death of Song Zhenzong in the Northern Song Dynasty, both Liu Fei and Li Fei became pregnant. Obviously, whoever gives birth to a son may be the official palace. Liu Fei was jealous for a long time, afraid that Li Fei would be made queen when she gave birth to a son, so she discussed a plan with Guo Huai, the head of the palace. With the cooperation of the midwife You Shi, Li Fei took advantage of the fact that she was unconscious due to blood fainting during childbirth, peeled off the fur of a civet cat, which was bloody and shiny, and replaced the newborn prince. Liu Fei ordered the maid-in-waiting Kou Zhun to strangle the prince, and Kou Zhun felt sorry for it. The prince of darkness sent Chen Lin, the eunuch, and Chen Lin put the prince in a suitcase and sent him to the Eight Immortals for support. In addition, when Zhenzong saw the skinned civet cat, he thought that Li Fei had given birth to a monster and exiled it to the cold palace. Soon, Liu Fei gave birth, gave birth to a son, and was made a prince, and Liu Fei was also made a queen. Who knows that six years later, the son of Queen Liu died. When Chen Zong had no children, he took his brother's son, the Eight Immortals (actually the prince who was replaced that year) as his adopted son and made him a prince. One day, the prince met his birth mother Li Fei in the cold palace. Both of them were born with tears on their faces. When Liu learned this, he tortured Kou Zhun, and Kou Zhun touched the steps and died. Then, Liu slandered in front of Zhenzong, and Zhenzong ordered Li Fei to be executed. The little eunuch Yuzhong was willing to be martyred for Li Fei and let her go. Another eunuch, Qin Feng, took Li Fei out and sent him to Chen Zhou. Qin Feng also set himself on fire. Li Fei couldn't live in Chen Zhou, but he ended up living in a broken kiln, begging for food. Fortunately, Bao Zheng released grain in Chen Zhou, learned the truth, took in Li Fei and her son, and brought Li Fei back to Kaifeng. At this point, the true Sect has perished, and Li Fei's son became emperor, known as Song Renzong in history. Bao Zheng also used the opportunity of entering the palace to congratulate Queen Injong on her birthday to bring Li Fei into the palace, so that Li Feicai could meet his own son Injong and tell the truth. Later, Bao Gong designed Guo Huai to tell the truth. Liu, a former queen mother, knew that the plot was exposed and committed suicide. Bao Zheng was appointed Prime Minister by Injong because of his great contribution in this case.