Information technology industry. India's information technology industry, especially the software industry, has developed rapidly. According to the data released by the National Association of Software and Service Companies (Nasscom), in the fiscal year of 2004-2005 (as of March 3, 20051), India's IT service industry exported US$ 654.38+072 billion, up 34.5% year-on-year, and the number of people directly employed in the industry exceeded 65.438+00 million. In 2006, India's IT industry revenue rose to $32 billion, with10.6 million employees. IT is estimated that India's IT industry will create 400,000 jobs in 2007, a year-on-year increase of 25%. According to the data released by Deutsche Bank, half of the world's top 500 companies are customers of Indian IT companies, including General Electric, Boeing and Citibank. America and Europe are the main markets of Indian IT industry. For example, India's TCS Company has opened 19 offices in EU1countries, with more than 700 employees. Due to the increase of business opportunities in India, world-renowned technology companies began to open branches in India. In 2005, the number of employees of American IBM in India was 38 196, while the number of employees of German SAP in India will exceed 4,000. India has become the second largest software exporter in the world after the United States. Compared with India, China's export in the software industry in 2006 was only $2.5 billion, and there is still a certain gap. The development of IT industry is very important to promote the development of national economy, and the competition in IT field will determine the way and form of future economic competition. Therefore, it is urgent to accelerate the development of information technology industry in China.
Biological industry. With the support of the government, India's biotechnology industry has developed rapidly and is expected to become another pillar industry in India's high-tech field. India's biotechnology industry earned $654.38 billion in fiscal year 2004-2005, $654.38 billion in fiscal year 2005-2006 and $2 billion in fiscal year 2006-2007. In recent years, the development of biotechnology industry in India has not only created a skilled labor force in the field of biotechnology, but also reserved a knowledge base in this field. At present, the Indian government is demonstrating to become a biotechnology industry center and planning a biotechnology industry plan. India's biotechnology industry is growing at an annual rate of 36.5%, making it one of the fastest growing countries in the world. Although India's share in the world biotechnology field is only 2% at present, India has great potential to become an important global biotechnology industry center before 20 10. Important biotechnology companies in the world are increasingly willing to cooperate with Indian companies. According to the annual report of RNCOS entitled "Biotechnology Market in Asia-Pacific Region", India has the potential to become the top five biotechnology countries in the world by 20 10, and its output value will rise from14.5 billion US dollars in 2005 to 5 billion US dollars in 20 10. In the latest global biochemical survey, Ernst & Young ranked third in the Asia-Pacific region, second only to Japanese and Korean companies.
Tourism. In addition to the above areas, India also lists tourism as a key industry to promote economic development. In 2005, India's tourism revenue was $5.7 billion. It is predicted that the number of foreign tourists will increase by 78% and the income from foreign exchange transactions will increase by 65,438+0.22% year-on-year. In the past four years, tourism has directly and indirectly created 365,438+million jobs, accounting for about 5.3% of GDP and 5.4% of total employment. In order to promote the development of tourism, the main policies adopted by India are: relaxing the aviation field; Aviation fuel price policy; Levy a reasonable tax rate in the field of tourism; And implement measures such as tourist visas, strengthening immigration services, and changing hotel land planning procedures.
Nuclear energy program. India's nuclear energy program is developing, and it has mastered the whole process technology from exploration and mining to power generation and waste disposal. At present, the Indian Nuclear Energy Corporation is responsible for the peaceful use of nuclear energy. India currently operates 65,438+04 nuclear reactors (2720MWe), and eight more (5600MWe) are under construction. India has begun to design the next generation of fast value-added reactors, and will build 12 new nuclear reactors in the next two years.
Renewable energy. In addition to nuclear energy, India also develops renewable energy, promotes energy diversification and meets the growing energy demand. India has the largest biogas system in the world, and is the third largest producer of solar panels and the fourth largest producer of wind energy, with a total wind power generation capacity of 970 MW.
Space program. The Indian Space Research Organization under the Indian Space Agency is responsible for technology research and development and space system cooperation in the fields of satellite communication, resource investigation and remote sensing, environmental monitoring and meteorological services. India's progress in space-based sensing technology and other fields has promoted India to sign lease contracts for space hardware, services and data with some countries such as the United States. Antrix has competed with the United States and France in the field of space pictures. It is estimated that Antrix Corp' s revenue from satellite launch and sales of aerospace products will reach 93.58 million US dollars in 2006-07. Its customers are mainly the European Union (agriculture and forestry), Japan (volcanic activity monitoring) and the United States (telephone network exchange). ) and Thailand (information technology).
Oceanography. India has carried out resource exploration and utilization activities in the Indian Ocean region, sent 13 scientific research teams to the Antarctic region and built two long-term scientific research stations. In May, 2007, with the approval of ATCM, India established the third scientific research station in the Rasman Hills in Antarctica.
International cooperation. In order to promote the development of science and technology, at the international level, India has signed some bilateral and multilateral framework agreements, and at the bilateral level, India-UK Joint Cooperation Fund, India-US Science and Technology Group and other bilateral science and technology cooperation funds have been established. As a recognition of India's scientific and technological capabilities, India has been invited to participate in the cooperation of several large-scale international scientific and technological projects, such as antiproton and ion research and international high-temperature nuclear reactors. In order to attract and encourage students to engage in science education and research and promote international cooperation, the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Indian Government has also taken the following measures:
-promoting exchanges between the Indian scientific community and Nobel Prize winners;
-Arrange plans to attract outstanding overseas scientists and scientific scholars to participate in R&D project cooperation.
Indian innovation. Global managers have recognized India's potential ability in innovation, and product innovation, processing innovation and manufacturing innovation methods have attracted foreign investors and multinational enterprises. In the past few years, more than 65,438+000 multinational companies, including General Electric, Microsoft, IBM, Cisco, Intel, General Motors, Motorola and Hewlett-Packard, have set up R&D centers in India, and accumulated investments in life sciences (biochemical and medical fields), engineering, communication-related fields (VLSI) and embedded technology fields have exceeded $6,543.80 billion. DaimlerChrysler India Research Center is one of the three research centers outside Germany. In Bangalore, Indian engineers are mainly engaged in electronic equipment, simulation and software development, serving the European and American markets. Ge develops aircraft engines and turbine parts in Bangalore R&D center. The Indian government believes that science and technology are an important driving force for economic development and change. Science and technology play an important role in the planning of agriculture, industry and service industry in India, which can maximize the output of various industries, benefit the society and improve the quality of life.
Transnational development of Indian enterprises. According to India's statistics, the M&A amount of Indian enterprises was 4.3 billion US dollars in 2005, rising to 654.38+0.5 billion US dollars in 2006, and it is expected to exceed 35 billion US dollars in 2007. India's international development has become an important topic in American and European business circles, and "India's Development Practice" has become a textbook of Harvard Business School. India Tata, Infosys, Reliance and other companies have become world-renowned enterprises. According to the recent research report of Boston Consulting Group (BCG), 3,000 international companies with revenues exceeding $654.38 billion in 2004-2006 believe that Indian companies have the advantages of low cost and high quality products and services, and are expected to become important consumers, business partners and important competitors of internationally renowned companies. The key to their future success will be cooperation with Indian companies. By changing the variables of cost, resources, logistics and market, India has set up overseas institutions and acquired overseas companies to enhance its international capabilities, mainly involving medicine, communications, automobiles, IT and other fields. The Reserve Bank of India has played an active role in promoting the internationalization strategy of enterprises. With the continuous increase of India's foreign exchange reserves, the Reserve Bank of India gradually relaxed the restrictions on overseas investment to facilitate Indian companies' foreign investment, and constantly revised the upper limit and approval procedures for foreign investment.
China and India have similar national conditions. Although China is ahead of India in many economic fields, India's development in information technology industry, biomedicine and other fields is worthy of attention. India has formulated preferential policies to encourage and give full play to the advantages of human resources and latecomers, and implemented Indian-style strategies of "going out" and "bringing in". Its development model has reference significance for China to optimize industrial structure, formulate industrial development strategy and realize sustainable economic development.