As early as 3000 BC, there were traces of human beings in Suriname. Among the aborigines living in this area, the largest ethnic group is the Arawak, a coastal nomadic people, and the conqueror and maritime Caribbean who later entered this area. In addition to these two major ethnic groups, there are more small tribes in the tropical rain forests of the mainland. Until 1650, the first Europeans came here-British immigrants established the first European colony in Surinam under the leadership of Sir Weiler, then Governor of Barbados. But it didn't take long for the British colonies to-(ZH-HANT: Abraham Crickinson; ZH-Hans: Abraham Crijnsen)-The Dutch colonial army led by Abraham Crijnsen attacked. This dispute was not initially resolved until the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1667 (1665- 1667). That year, Britain and the Netherlands signed the Brayda Treaty. The Netherlands exchanged Surinam and Britain for Nieuw Amsterdam (the predecessor of today's new york), a fortress colony they established on Manhattan Island, and officially changed its name to Guyana.

Through Guyana in the Netherlands and several other colonial islands in the Caribbean, the Kingdom of the Netherlands monopolized the main rum production in the world at that time, and Europeans brought a large number of slaves from Africa to work in this area, which became the origin of the African-American population in the future. 1799, the Netherlands was annexed by France led by Napoleon, and the British recovered Suriname's sovereignty, but it was returned to the Netherlands after the collapse of Napoleon's empire in 18 16. Although Britain liberated slaves during its brief rule in Suriname, Suriname, which returned to Dutch rule, did not formally declare the abolition of slavery until after 1863, making the Netherlands the latest European colonial country to abandon slavery. In order to supplement the lost labor force after the liberation of slaves, the Netherlands imported laborers from dutch east indies (Indonesia), among which, apart from Indian ethnic groups, some were Chinese. During the period from 1873 to 19 16, many Indian laborers immigrated to Suriname through the arrangement of the Netherlands. These immigrants account for a large proportion of Suriname's population, including 37% Hinduism (Indonesian immigrants of northern Indian origin), 65,438+05% Javanese, 65,438+00% Maroons (whose ancestors were slaves who fled to the inland of South America) and 2% Chinese, 654,330 more than the descendants of real white immigrants.

After entering the 20th century, Suriname has changed from a country mainly engaged in agricultural production to a mining producer. Suriname is the largest exporter of bauxite in the world, and bauxite is the most important raw material for aluminum smelting. Besides bauxite, Suriname is also a producer of important industrial resources such as rubber and gold.

After World War II, Suriname was designated as an overseas autonomous province by the Netherlands in 1954 under the guidance of United Nations resolutions. From 1973, the local autonomous government began to communicate and negotiate with the Netherlands, and became independent on1975+065438+1October 25th. Suriname has been in a situation of political instability since its independence, so many Surinamese chose to flee to the Netherlands during this period. 1980, the military government composed of 16 young military generals overthrew the original regime. During the coup, the military government put forward the requirements of eliminating corruption and improving people's quality of life, and established the political power of the socialist Republic. In the early military and political period, the Surinamese government generally gained people's trust, good relations and economic assistance from the Dutch government, the colonial home country. However, in an incident named December Massacre (Dutch: Decembermoorden) that occurred in June of 5438+0982, as many as 15 political opposition leaders were assassinated by the ruling government, which made the Dutch authorities very dissatisfied and cut off economic assistance to Suriname.

After several years of military and political leadership led by Desi Bouterse, 1987, under the pressure of the international community, the Surinamese military government was forced to restart the democratic voting mechanism, but the democratic government established after the voting was overthrown in 1989 only two years later. After the general election of 199 1, Su Linan finally slowly entered the operation of democratic politics. However, the political situation of too many different ethnic groups still has the hidden worry of instability.