(1) has a long history.
Lingnan region has a long history of human civilization, which can be traced back to the primitive social group era130,000 years ago.
/kloc-0 In the summer of 958, a human skull fossil was found in Shitou Cave, southwest of Maba Town, Qujiang County, Guangdong Province. Determined by the uranium series method in Peking University Carbon 14 Laboratory, it is an "ancient" skull fossil129,000 years ago, named "Maba Man". This is the earliest human fossil found in Lingnan area. At the same time, there are many fossils of ancient fauna such as saber-toothed elephant, Nama elephant and giant panda. /kloc-0 In the autumn of 984, another chopper made of long and flat gravel was found in the same place, which further confirmed the fact that Maba people belonged to ancient humans in the middle Paleolithic period.
Maba people have thinner skulls and taller foreheads than Beijingers. The face has some basic characteristics of the yellow race. And 1956 Changyang people found in Zhaojiayan Cave, Changyang County, Hubei Province, and 1954 Dingcun people found near Xiangfen Ding Cun, Shanxi Province belong to the "ancient people" type.
Although the history of Maba people's life and development in Lingnan needs further textual research and research, it is an indisputable fact that Maba people are the distant ancestors in Lingnan human history and a part of the ancestors of the Chinese nation. As early as 6.5438+0.3 million years ago, Maba people lived in this "wild" treasure land in the south of China, and they continued to create the history and culture of Lingnan.
China's human history has experienced a long evolution since it entered the stage of "ancients". About 40,000-30,000 years ago, it entered the "newcomer" stage from north to south. In 1960s and 1970s, Lingnan discovered human fossils and many cultural relics in Liujiang, Lingshan, Fengkai and other "newcomers" sites in Guangxi, which were confirmed to be in the same stage as Ziyang in Sichuan, Neanderthals in Beijing and Zuo Zhen in Taiwan Province (about 3 years ago). Newcomers, also known as "Late Homo sapiens". Lingnan "newcomers" have lost the primitive of Maba people in form, and there is almost no obvious difference with modern people. Judging from the tools used, it has entered the late Paleolithic period and has learned to control and use fire, from eating like an animal to drinking blood and then cooking. There are as many as four or five kinds of fossils of Lingshan people found, which further proves that the new human beings in Lingnan have changed from a mobile and scattered primitive group to a relatively fixed and concentrated primitive community, thus starting to finally get rid of animals and gradually stepping into the embryonic form of human primitive clan commune.
The excavation of a large number of cultural sites has scientifically confirmed that the ancestors of Lingnan entered the matriarchal clan commune about 7000-6000 years ago, almost at the same time as the ancestors of China. The appearance of lingnan patriarchal clan commune was nearly 1000 years later than that of the Central Plains. According to archaeological findings, about 4500 years ago, northern Guangdong took the lead in entering the patriarchal commune stage. According to the dating of hundreds of cultural sites and tombs unearthed in Lingnan so far, most areas entered the patriarchal commune stage about 3000 years ago, that is, from the late Neolithic to the late Neolithic, while Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan and the mountainous areas in the hinterland of Guangdong and Guangxi entered the patriarchal society at the latest 2000 years ago. During this period, the Central Plains region has entered the feudal society of the Western Han Dynasty from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (the collapse of slave society) when academic prosperity was unprecedented. Nevertheless, before the Central Plains people entered Lingnan, Lingnan ancestors had lived in a relatively closed "wild treasure land" for more than 100,000 years.
According to historical records, as early as the Yao, Shun and Yu period, Lingnan area nominally belonged to the Central Plains. However, the real economic, political and cultural ties with the Central Plains should start from the Zhou Dynasty. By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Lingnan had more frequent political, economic and cultural exchanges with neighboring countries such as Chu in the north and wuyue in the coast, and once became a vassal state of Chu. Guangzhou today was named Chu Pavilion in the pre-Qin period. In 2 14 BC, Qin Shihuang took Ren Tao as commander-in-chief and Zhao Tuo as deputy commander-in-chief, and marched into Lingnan, setting most of Guangdong as Nanhai County. Today, the Red River Delta in Hainan Province, southwestern Guangdong, southwestern Guangxi and Viet Nam was established as Xiang Jun; Today, Guangdong has been established as Guilin County along the banks of the Xijiang River and central Guangxi, thus being formally incorporated into the national administrative system for the first time. In 206 BC, with the demise of the Qin Dynasty and the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo took the opportunity to establish a relatively independent kingdom of South Vietnam in Lingnan. It was not until BC 1 1 1 that Lu Jia, a noble of South Vietnam, rebelled and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to pacify it, and Lingnan was reintegrated into the administrative system of the Han Dynasty. Since then, in addition to the great division of the five dynasties and ten countries, Liu? Wang Jianli in the Southern Han Dynasty was located in Guangzhou, and Lingnan area has always been the southern part of the motherland under the administrative system of past dynasties.
(2) splendid culture
Today, there are many different definitions of the meaning of culture. The author believes that culture is humanization. In other words, culture is created and accumulated for the survival and development of society, and it is also all the achievements and wealth of material and spiritual civilization that are constantly developing and innovating. The most extensive significance of culture is that it is not only created by human beings, but also constantly influences and shapes human values, thinking orientation, customs and beliefs, moral behavior norms, national feelings and temperament, as well as the customs and habits of specific societies and regions. This is how the splendid culture of Lingnan is defined.
Lingnan culture is the sum total of all material wealth and spiritual wealth created by Lingnan people through social practice in the long historical process. From the early primitive culture, accepting the fusion of Chinese and Han cultures and constantly absorbing the essence of foreign cultures, after thousands of years of accumulation and evolution, it has always shown its own characteristics and advantages. From the perspective of the development history of Lingnan culture, it can be roughly divided into three stages: the period of primitive local culture, the period with the Chinese and Han cultures in the Central Plains as the main body, and the mature period with multiple structures.
① South Vietnamese culture-primitive local culture
In the pre-Qin period, there was a huge ethnic group-Yue nationality in the south of China, which was once called "Baiyue" from Jiangsu and Zhejiang to Yunnan and northern Vietnam. According to the record in Geography of Hanshu, it is said that "from crossing toes to meeting records, seven or eight thousand miles away, hundreds of miles away, each has its own caste." In other words, "Baiyue" is a collection of ethnic groups characterized by the same cultural circle, in which there are many independent ethnic groups of different ethnic groups. A comprehensive survey of various historical materials in the Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties shows that the main ethnic groups in Baiyue are Juwu in Jiangsu, Yuyue and Dongou in Zhejiang, Minyue in Fujian, Nanyue in Guangdong and Guangxi, and Dianyue in Yunnan and Guizhou. Nanyue nationality is an indigenous people living in Lingnan area. Their distant ancestors were "Maba people".
Nanyue nationality began to form in the late summer and early Shang Dynasty, and matured in the Spring and Autumn Period. As a primitive nation, Nanyue nationality not only has the same characteristics as the primitive nation, but also is obviously restricted and influenced by Lingnan ecological environment and complex and closed natural and geographical conditions.
Because the territory is divided by mountains and rivers, it is impossible for South Vietnamese to form a large-scale tribal alliance, and they can only be scattered in Lingnan in the form of small settlements and large dispersion. The whole people of South Vietnam can only live a fragmented social life with many branches. Clans and tribes often struggle for survival interests. People in the Central Plains have a deep impression of "Yue people are brave and ruthless".
Due to the closed geographical location, the people of South Vietnam can only independently develop their own social life and independently create local original ecological culture suitable for their own survival and development. Therefore, it seems that they are deeply rooted in Lingnan and have cultivated in the profound national and local fertile soil for a long time. Although they were strongly impacted, merged and integrated by Chinese and Han cultures, and eventually sinicized, they can still show strong vitality, which makes today's Lingnan culture have distinctive local characteristics and unique charm.
As the original ecological culture of Lingnan, South Vietnamese culture is characterized by shaping the eternal cultural character of Lingnan people: hardworking, brave, adventurous and full of pioneering and innovative spirit. In a closed geographical position, facing the mysterious and vast ocean; Abundant natural resources and harsh living environment; In the long-term struggle with nature, he accumulated rich practical experience and cultivated the most precious cultural character of South Vietnamese.
In the process of the growth of cultural character, the people of South Vietnam have constantly created local original culture that adapts to the survival of the nation: Gan Lan Nest, which was created from the aspect of folk houses, is still circulating in Lingnan area, and ranks as one of the five major residential buildings in China along with Beijing quadrangles, northwest caves, Hakka earth buildings and Yunnan Yi sounds; In order to break through the closure, the people of South Vietnam boldly explored at sea, which not only developed the original ship culture and navigation technology knowledge, but also laid a solid foundation for the development of the Maritime Silk Road after Qin and Han Dynasties. South Vietnamese people prefer aquatic products and concentrate on boiling water rice culture, which provides valuable experience and local characteristics rich in Lingnan flavor for the food culture which is famous at home and abroad later. The industrious spirit of the people of South Vietnam provided unlimited potential for the development and construction of Lingnan after Qin and Han Dynasties, and quickly got rid of ignorance and caught up with the pace of Central Plains civilization. South Vietnamese people's adventurous and pioneering spirit enabled Lingnan people to have rich marine culture after the Qin and Han Dynasties, and they first went from the ocean to the world and accepted the infiltration of overseas culture.
Due to ignorance of nature, the primitive religious concepts of South Vietnamese people are quite strong. They believe in ghosts and gods, ancestor worship and totem worship. They believe there is a dragon god in the ocean or river, in order to protect the dragon god. South Vietnamese dressed as dragons, cut their hair and tattooed their bodies to look like dragons with scales and fins. They think that engaging in production activities in the water can avoid the accidental injury of the dragon god. At that time, due to ignorance of natural phenomena, people turned to the protection of supernatural forces to escape irresistible natural disasters, which was a psychological feature of human beings in the primitive state, and ancient South Vietnamese were no exception, thus creating an extremely rich primitive mysterious culture with rich romanticism, mysticism and idealism, and forming a myth culture that has been circulated and developed in Lingnan area for a long time.
② Lingnan culture in the process of sinicization.
After Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan in 2 14 BC, Chinese people in the Central Plains began to enter Lingnan, which belongs to the South Vietnamese cultural circle, bringing a highly agricultural Chinese culture and strongly impacting the local culture of Lingnan, which was originally dominated by the South Vietnamese culture, thus opening the prelude to the localization of the local culture of South Vietnam. During the Han Dynasty, China culture with Confucianism as its core forced the native culture of South Vietnam to lose its original glory. During the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the great division of the country caused a large number of Han people in the Central Plains to flee to Lingnan, forming immigrants from the Central Plains to Lingnan. As a result, the indigenous people in Lingnan are basically sinicized, and the status of China Han culture as the main culture of Lingnan is increasingly strengthened. Guangdong Tongzhi, compiled during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, has a clear judgment on this: "Since Jian 'an in the late Han Dynasty and Yongjia in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, people from China have avoided the land and entered the mountains, and their descendants have always stayed at home. Its wind is lingering, its clothes are Xi Zhi, and its pottery is gradually dyed. So it has gradually changed and become vulgar. "The effect is that from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, most people in the Central Plains fled the war disaster and settled in Lingnan, and their descendants also settled in Lingnan. They were endowed with the central plains civilization temperament and customs, which had an edifying effect on Lingnan aborigines and brought their customs and lifestyles closer to the central plains.
During the Song Dynasty, the whole country was divided again. After the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, not only the Central Plains people in the Yellow River valley, the Central Plains people in the Yangtze River valley, but also the Chu people in wuyue fled to Lingnan in large numbers, forming the second migration to Lingnan. The sinicization of Lingnan area has also been basically completed. When the troops of Yuan Dynasty pursued two small emperors, Zhao Min and Zhao Min, who escaped from the Southern Song Dynasty, and arrived in Lingnan, the people of Lingnan had firmly established the Confucian feudal orthodoxy of loyalty and patriotism, and stood up to defend the Zhao family to the death without hesitation.
Judging from the ethnic composition of the residents, the indigenous Nanyue nationality died out at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, and only Li, Yao, Zhuang, She and other ethnic minorities still retain the lineage of Nanyue nationality. More than 90% of the land in Lingnan has become Han nationality. Moreover, due to the influence of various complicated factors such as regional environment, history and culture, the Han nationality in Lingnan began to form three different ethnic groups: Guangfu, Hakka and Fulao, which made Lingnan culture more colorful with their different cultural characteristics. From then on, until the Opium War in Qing Dynasty, Lingnan culture moved to the track with Chinese culture as the main body and accelerated the pace of maturity. Although it has experienced fierce ethnic conflicts and cruel disasters of blood and fire, a pluralistic, open and compatible cultural framework and connotation prototype with Chinese culture as the main body, South Vietnamese local culture as the root and foreign advanced culture as the nourishment has been displayed.
In the long historical process of China-ization of Lingnan local culture, the root consciousness of local culture and the potential power and function of cultural character run through. Both the descendants of the indigenous peoples in South Vietnam who have been sinicized and the Han people in the Central Plains who have entered Lingnan in large numbers are strongly influenced and restricted by the local culture, thus creating brilliant cultural achievements with distinctive Lingnan characteristics and advantages. Since the Ming Dynasty, in terms of material culture, rice cultivation culture with rice as the main grain has made rapid progress. Lingnan has become a famous land of fish and rice and fruit in the south. Sugar is exported to Europe and America, and many important agricultural products, medicinal materials, spices and exotic flowers and herbs are imported from overseas. What is more prominent is the series of three-dimensional benign circular agricultural farming techniques created by agriculture in the Pearl River Delta, such as "Sangji Fish Pond", "Sugarcane Fish Pond" and "Rice Fish Pond", which make the agricultural production in Lingnan closely linked with the market of commodity economy and have the seeds of capitalism. Lingnan handicraft industry has developed towards the track of market commodities. Silkworm rearing? Silk industry, ceramics industry, sugar industry, embroidery industry, ivory carving and other handicraft products constitute the famous "wide goods" series, which not only occupies an important position in the country, but also sells well all over the world. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the shipbuilding and navigation technology of Lingnan reached a fairly high technical level, and it was in a leading position in the country during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Lingnan's foreign trade ranks first in China. Since the Tang Dynasty, Guangzhou has become the largest export port in China, and enjoys the honor of World Trade Center.
In terms of spiritual culture, Lingnan talents have come forth in large numbers and achieved fruitful results. In the study of Confucian classics, from famous scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty, such as Chen Yuan, Shi Kui and Zheng Dong, to Chen Baisha and Zhan Ruoshui in the Ming Dynasty, their academic level and status in the whole country have reached the level of keeping pace with Wang Yangming. In terms of science and technology, as early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were Yang Fu's Records of Foreign Bodies in Nanyuan and Records of Mi Hai Shui. This is the earliest scientific classification and research of natural resources in Lingnan. At the beginning of Jin Dynasty, Wang Fan compiled Jiao Guang Chun Qiu for Lingnan, which filled the blank of Lingnan in the national historical books. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Ge Hong's alchemy, medical technology, and medical masterpieces such as Bao Puzi (internal and external chapters) and Elbow Reserve Emergency Prescription enjoyed a long reputation in China. Qu Dajun, a famous patriotic poet and scholar in the early Qing Dynasty, wrote A New Talk on Cantonese, which is a great contribution to the study of Historical Records. During the Yongzheng period, Fan Duan 'ang compiled the book "Experiences in Central Guangdong", which played an important role in connecting the past with the future in many writings on Cantonese books in the Qing Dynasty.
Lingnan has made many contributions to religious culture. Buddhism, Islam and other foreign religions are mostly introduced into the mainland by sea through Lingnan. Among them, Huineng in the Tang Dynasty, through the initiation of Zen epiphany, completed the great transformation of Buddhism in China and the secularization of Indian Buddhism. Ge Hong preached in Luofu Mountain in Lingnan and became the founder of Lingnan Taoism. The concept of "Xu Chong" was inherited from Ge Hong and named by Song Zhezong, making it the seventh of the 36 Taoist caves in China. Because Christianity first spread in Lingnan in the middle of Ming Dynasty, Lingnan people took the lead in establishing western-style eye hospitals, general hospitals and western-style schools, which laid a solid foundation for Lingnan science and technology and bourgeois democratic revolution in the future.
Lingnan is rich in literature and art, and literati's poems are solemn and simple, feeling sad at the time, full of people's character and patriotic feelings. Lingnan folk art is colorful. Among them are Cantonese songs, Muyu songs, Saltwater songs, Hakka folk songs, Chaozhou opera music, floating colors in the Pearl River Delta, Nanhai fishing songs and so on. Still full of vitality, it is deeply loved by Lingnan people.
Lingnan folk culture has a long history, a long history, rich flavor of life, rich local conditions and customs, and is a treasure in Lingnan culture.
③ Mature Lingnan culture.
From the Opium War in 1840, China became a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society. Colonists from Britain, France, Germany, the United States, Japan, Russia and other countries successively invaded China by force, forcing the corrupt and weak Qing Dynasty to sign a series of unequal treaties that humiliated the country, and western culture also invaded on a large scale. Before that, the people of Lingnan had been ahead of the western trend and faced the brutal aggression of imperialist powers. On the one hand, on the other hand, it also caused the advanced patriots in Lingnan to think, explore and practice western scientific democracy. In the great modern anti-imperialist and anti-feudal changes from the Opium War to the 20th century, the people of Lingnan took the west as a mirror, took the lead, fought bravely for the survival of the Chinese nation and made heroic contributions. Lingnan culture has also matured in this historic change.
When the British imperialists imported a large amount of opium drugs into China, and they were unscrupulous and overbearing, it was the people of Lingnan, under the leadership of Lin Zexu, who took the lead in bashing the British imperialist warships head-on, which started the great struggle of the people of China against imperialism. The great victory of Sanyuanli people against Britain shows that Lingnan people are United, brave and tenacious, patriotic and loving the people. Since then, the people of Lingnan have never stopped their struggle against imperialism.
Since the Opium War, the people in Lingnan took western democracy as a mirror, and the anti-feudal armed revolutionary struggle aimed at overthrowing the decadent autocratic monarchy was in full swing. 185 1 year, the revolution of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom led by Hong Xiuquan, who started with the uprising in Jintian Village, Guangxi, contradicted the tradition of all previous peasant uprisings in China calling for the "Mr. Right" without exception, and put forward that "all men in the world are brothers; The slogan "There are many women in the world, and they are all sisters" is a combination of China's traditional thought and Christianity's simple and equal thought, in order to finally realize the revolutionary program of "one family in the world, enjoying peace". Unexpectedly, in the land of Lingnan, it was invincible and went straight to Nanjing for more than ten years, which shocked the world and greatly shook the rule of the Qing Dynasty. This is the first concentrated and wonderful display of the mature Lingnan cultural character and unique advantages.
Sun Yat-sen, the great revolutionary forerunner, put forward the bourgeois democratic revolutionary program of overthrowing feudal monarchy and establishing democracy. 1894 Since the establishment of Xingzhonghui, it has organized and launched a series of armed revolutionary struggles in Guangdong and Guangxi, such as Guangzhou Uprising, Huizhou Sanzhoutian Uprising, Chaozhou Huanggang Uprising, Huizhou Qinv Lake Uprising, Guangxi Fangcheng Uprising, Qinzhou Uprising, Guangzhou New Army Uprising and Guangzhou Huanghuagang Uprising on the eve of the Revolution of 1911. The sons and daughters of Lingnan and overseas Chinese in Lingnan paved the way for the victory of the Revolution of 1911, which finally overthrew the feudal monarchy for more than 2,000 years, with selfless and fearless great dedication and bloody life.
After the Opium War, a large number of national bourgeois thinkers and politicians emerged in Lingnan area, which made many beneficial contributions to the victory of China's early bourgeois democratic revolution. Among them, outstanding figures are China's first innovator in modern times who studied in the United States, national bourgeois industrialist and thinker Zheng, and famous leaders of the Reform Movement, such as Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and Huang Zunxian. They were all advocates, organizers and implementers of bourgeois reformism who first proposed "constitutional monarchy" in China at that time.
In terms of science and technology, Lingnan is also full of talents and has made great contributions. Zou Yu, an outstanding scientist, independently developed the first camera in China in 1844, and successfully took many photos. Zhan Tianyou, the father of Chinese railways, enjoys a high reputation in the world. Feng Ru, the father of China Airlines, built the first airplane in the aviation history of China, and won the second international airplane competition championship in 19 10, which won the world-renowned honor for the motherland.
During the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Guangdong was once the revolutionary base camp. Huangpu Military Academy was founded in Guangzhou; The Northern Expeditionary Army was established in Guangzhou and vowed to the North Expedition. Comrade * * * once founded a farmer's workshop in Guangzhou; In the bloody years after the failure of the Great Revolution, Lingnan revolutionaries held high the red flag and launched the Guangzhou Uprising, which will go down in history forever. In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, the people of Lingnan fought bravely and selflessly under the difficult conditions far from the CPC Central Committee and the main revolutionary armed forces: Dongjiang Column, Qiongya Column and Red women soldiers ... and are still admired and praised by people today.
In terms of material culture, Lingnan commodity economy is active and overseas trade is prosperous. Overseas Chinese and early national capitalists in Lingnan borrowed advanced western scientific and technological equipment, built railways, set up factories and opened banks, which enabled Lingnan to have the earliest industrial and mining enterprises and financial industry mainly based on local national capital from the end of 19. Guangdong businessmen are active all over the world, their products sell well at home and abroad, and their unique food culture is world-renowned.
The brilliant achievements and outstanding contributions of Lingnan people in China's modern history are by no means accidental, but the inevitability of the maturity of the unique Lingnan cultural advantages and potential. Generally speaking, it is the result of the unique cultural character and temperament formed by the multicultural framework with China traditional culture as the main body, ancient South Vietnamese cultural genes as the potential and foreign culture as the nourishment. In the 1930s, Lin Yutang, a famous scholar in China, made an incisive and vivid analysis of this in his book China People (formerly known as My Land and My People):
In Guangdong, south of China, we met another kind of China people. They are full of racial vitality, everyone is a man, and eating and working are men's styles. They are enterprising, carefree, wasteful, aggressive, adventurous, enterprising and impatient. Beneath the surface of China culture, it is the tradition that aborigines eat snakes, which is obviously a strong mixture of Cantonese ancestry in southern China in ancient times.
Lingnan culture is dominated by Chinese culture, more open and compatible, and full of pioneering and innovative vitality; Due to the cultural genes of ancient South Vietnamese, they are full of the spirit of adventure, enterprising and self-sacrifice. It not only nourishes and supplements the essence of foreign culture, but also has the spirit of democracy and science, originality and flexibility with commodity consciousness as the value orientation, which can not only safeguard national dignity and patriotism, but also lose the integrity of Chinese people.
However, after 1949, due to well-known reasons, Lingnan culture was once depressed, which was regrettable and thought-provoking.
In 1980s, Lingnan suddenly became the focus of attention at home and abroad. The great ship of history has been running for nearly half a century, and the active cultural mechanism of Lingnan, which has been sleeping for a long time, has been revived. In a short period of fifteen years, under the guidance of the Party's reform and opening-up policy, Lingnan has created a mythical miracle in China and even the world, and has become a veritable testing ground for China's reform and opening-up and a window for introducing advanced western science, technology, culture and economy. It has also regained its youthful vitality, and the momentum of rapid economic development and market prosperity far exceeds any period in history. From the early stage of reform and opening up, it was in a backward position in the national economy and jumped into an advanced and rich region. While invigorating the economy, it not only created many valuable experiences for the country's reform and opening up, but also effectively promoted cultural construction at all levels, created splendid material culture and spiritual culture, revived the advantages of Lingnan culture, opened up a new pattern of Lingnan culture in the new period, and cultivated Lingnan people's awareness of cultural conscious participation. The reason is the advantage of traditional Lingnan culture. It is a pluralistic, open, pragmatic and compatible active cultural mechanism in Lingnan, and it is inevitable to contact, collide, communicate, absorb and integrate with western culture again.
It is true that Lingnan culture is not perfect. The diverse and energetic Lingnan culture has created an open, enterprising and pragmatic character strengths for Lingnan people, and has also engraved the imprint of various negative cultural factors. The cultural character of Lingnan people is full of contradictions. Active vitality and old inertia coexist; There are not only courage and wisdom of adventure, pioneering, enterprising, compatible, imitating and creating, but also ignorance, numbness and servility of subconsciously conservative, obedient and abiding by feudal moral and ethical norms; There are not only rich commodity consciousness, but also vulgar and superstitious habits.
Realizing the modernization of industry, agriculture, science and technology and national defense is the general goal of our country in this century and the coming 2 1 century. Lingnan culture should promote the early realization of China's four modernizations with its own advantages. Therefore, the modernization of Lingnan culture should be put in the first place. In fact, the modernization of culture should be based on the modernization of people. Judging from the current situation, the humanistic factors in Lingnan culture are still not optimistic, which is quite incompatible with the requirements of high speed, high information and high technology of current international modernization. Therefore, in recent years, scholars and social people who pay attention to the development trend and prospect of Lingnan culture have developed an urgent sense of crisis. Perhaps it is this sense of crisis that can prompt Lingnan culture to burst into a powerful force to transform itself and society on the basis of inheriting traditional advantages, and reconstruct a brand-new Lingnan cultural system that truly shines with the light of modern spiritual civilization as soon as possible.