During the Warring States Period, China had the following countries: Qin, Chu, Qi, South Korea, Zhao, Wei and Yan. Small countries such as Song, Zhongshan, Shandong and fourteen countries in Huaihe River Basin. Some of these countries have nicknames. For example, Wei was generally called Liang from the mid-Warring States period. Korea was called Zheng during the Warring States Period. During the Warring States Period, Chu was known as Jing State. Song State and Warring States Period were called Shang State. In thirty-one years, Qin joined forces with Zhao and Qi to attack Wei. Shang Yang, the commander-in-chief of Qin Jun, made a plan to capture the son of General Wei alive and defeat Wei Jun. At that time, the Qin State reused Shang Yang and expanded its territory to the Yellow River Basin. Wei was defeated by Zhao and Qi many times. Anyi, the capital of Wei, is close to the State of Qin, so it chose to move the capital to the girder, avoid Qin Mang and compete for the hegemony of the Central Plains to the east. Anyi and Girder Anyi and Girder Since then, most areas of Wei State have been called "Liang State". For example, there are chapters and sentences of Liang in Mencius, among which Liang is what modern people say. During the Western Han Dynasty, a feudal country, Liang State, was established in the territory of Wei State. The famous kings of Liang include Peng Yue in the reign of Emperor Gaozu and Liu Wu in Liang Xiaowang in the reign of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty. In later dynasties, Wei was also called Liang. In fact, in ancient times, even during the Warring States period, Wei was called Liang most of the time. The title of Historical Records, which records the history of Wei, is Wei Shijia. In order to understand the history of the Warring States more conveniently, modern people did not distinguish when Wei was called and when Liang was called. Korean nickname "Zheng Guo" Zheng Guo was originally a vassal of the Zhou Dynasty. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, before the State of Jin was divided up by Korea, Zhao and Wei, Korea had already invaded Zheng's land. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Han began to nibble at Zheng. In the sixth year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, Zhou Weilie made Han, Zhao and Wei governors of the State of Jin. In the second year, Zheng was destroyed. South Korea moved its capital to Zheng, renamed Xinzheng. South Korea and Xinzheng are also national capitals. After South Korea moved its capital to Xinzheng, some people called it Zheng Guo. For example, there is the following record in the article "Seven Techniques of Inner Chu of Han Feizi": Wang Wei said that Zheng Wang said: "At the beginning, Zheng and Liang separated, and now they want to get Zheng and He Zhiliang back. Wang Wei said to Zheng Wang: "Zheng Heliang was originally a country, but later it split. Now I want to buy the land of Zheng and merge it into Liang. "As I said before, Liang is from Wei. Of course, the Zheng state here can't be a vassal state established by the Zhou Dynasty. It refers to South Korea, which moved its capital to Xinzheng. The meaning of this sentence is: Han and Wei dynasties were originally a country, and this "one country" refers to the Jin state where the three ethnic groups were divided. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, Han Xin, a descendant of the Korean royal family (not Han Xin, the marquis of Huaiyin, with the same name), enfeoffed North Korea with the title of "Korea" instead of "Zheng". Therefore, the name of South Korea has been handed down, and Zheng Guo's name only belongs to South Korea during the Warring States period. Another name of the State of Chu, "Jing Guo" and "Han Feizi's Seven Techniques of Inner Chu" have the following records: the land of Jingnan, gold was born in Lishui. It means that there is a Lishui in Jingnan, where gold can be found. " Jing here refers to the land of Chu State, also called Jing State, and Chu people are also called Jing people. If you read the ancient books of the pre-Qin period, you can often see the words "Jingzhuang", "Jingren" and "Guo Jing". For example, the article "Han Feizi" has the following records: King Jingzhuang merged with China for twenty-six years, and the land was opened for three thousand miles. "Lu Chunqiu Chajin" records: Jing people want to attack the Song Dynasty, so that people can show their water first. The increasingly narrow territory of Jing refers to Chu, so where did this nickname come from? There is a saying in The Book of Songs, National Style, Nan Zhou Hanguang: "If the salary is wrong, I will resign. "According to the annotation of The Book of Songs published by Zhonghua Book Company, Chu here refers to Vitex negundo. According to the dictionary, Jing refers to shrubs. Is it because there are many shrubs in ancient Chu that this area is named after Jing and Chu? In a word, "Jing" and "Chu" are established words in the pre-Qin period, so it is not surprising that Chu was demoted to Jing State. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang named his younger brother Jiao Liu Weichu, with the title of Chu. Many people know that Shang Wu Wang destroyed Xia Jie and established the Shang Dynasty. Zhou Wuwang and Ji Fa conquered Shang, Zhou and Shang Dynasties. The Shang Dynasty was extinct when the Zhou Dynasty was established. Why did another merchant state emerge during the Warring States Period? Zhou Wuwang won the battle of Makino, and Zhou Wang set himself on fire in the palace. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Wang's son Wu Geng was in charge of the rest of the merchants. Later, Wu Geng joined forces with Guan Shu and Cai Shu to launch a rebellion, and Wu Geng failed and died. In the Spring and Autumn Period, China also let the descendants of the Shang royal family lead the merchants, while in Song Liguo, that is, the Song State, it lasted until the end of the Warring States Period. For example, what is done in "Han Feizi Forest Record": "See Confucius in Shang Dynasty." Taizai is the official name, equivalent to the prime minister of later generations. Shang Taizai was the Taizai of the Song State at that time. Because Song State is the inheritance of Shang Dynasty, many people call it Shang State. What this article says belongs to cold knowledge. In modern times, in order to facilitate the understanding of history, some relatively unpopular historical names were ignored. Although these histories are unpopular, understanding them can also bring us many benefits. Pre-Qin history is the root of China culture. By understanding this history, you can know that your parents belong to that ancient country. You can understand why people from China are all the same, and why customs in different places are so different. You can know that Shaanxi culture comes from Qin people, Shandong culture from Qin people, Shanxi culture from Jin people, Hubei culture from Chu people, Shanghai culture from Wu people, Liaoning culture from Yan people, Guangdong culture from * * * and South Vietnamese people, and Fujian culture from Fujian and Vietnam people. You don't have to go to those places to understand why the customs of the two places are the same and why the customs of the two places are completely different. This is the charm of history, and the history of China is the root of China culture.