The meaning of the sentence is understood as "build a room to plant trees and enjoy life" ... irrigate the garden to provide food in the morning and evening, ... this is also a policy, for the humble Jin Dynasty writer Pan Yue, who lives in leisure, the garden was named Humble Administrator's Garden. In the process of building the garden, Wang asked the representative of Wu Pai to design a blueprint for it, forming a garden with water as the mainstay, simple and simple, and close to the natural scenery.
After the death of the king, his son gambled all night and lost the garden to Xu, and his descendants also declined. In the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (163 1), the eastern part of the garden was owned by assistant minister Wang Xinyi, named "Guimuju".
It is a classical garden built at the beginning of the 0/5th century A.D./KLOC, and it is the representative of the classical gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. Pan Yue, a scholar in the Jin Dynasty, wrote a sentence in "Living in Idleness", "Irrigation of the garden for eating in the morning and evening is also a humble administration", hence the name of Humble Administrator's Garden.
After hundreds of years of changes, most of the existing buildings in Cang Sang were built after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. However, the old system of Ming and Qing Dynasties still exists, and the Humble Administrator's Garden still maintains a simple and spacious Ming Dynasty style, which is known as "the best private garden in China". The park is a national key cultural relic protection unit, one of the national special tourist attractions and a world cultural heritage. It is also known as the four famous gardens in China, together with the Summer Palace, chengde mountain resort and Suzhou Lingering Garden. So far, only Humble Administrator's Garden has these four laurels.
The whole park is divided into three parts: east, middle and west. The overall layout is characterized by sparse east and dense west, surrounded by green water, and the water surface area accounts for about 1/3 of the whole park area. Water is the bond and soul of the whole park.
The open and flat hilly grassland in the east is dotted with pavilions and pavilions such as Zhuwu Qushui, Furong Tree and Tian Quan Pavilion. Lanxiangtang is the main hall in the east, and Qi Diao's Panorama of Humble Administrator's Garden hangs on the south side of the screen door in the middle of the hall, which melts the whole garden scenery into a wall.
The central part is dominated by Yuanxiangtang, with Ming Xiu's landscapes, pavilions and lush flowers and trees, which are the essence of the whole park. Entering the central garden from the east, a clear pool comes into view, with towering old trees and weeping willows on the shore, beautiful lakes and mountains.
A hole loomed in the distance. There are many halls on the south side of the pool.
Chibeiyan Island, which is connected by the stream bridge, is a century-old Pterocarya stenoptera. Mountains, water, rocks, ponds, forests, pavilions and churches are all natural.
The winding water gallery in the west, the reflection of the balcony, tranquility, 36 Yuanyang pavilions and 18 Datura pavilions reflect the exquisiteness of Jiangnan architecture. In the west, the water is the center, the cloister is undulating, and the water waves are reflected.
The bonsai garden and Yashizhai are two bright pearls embedded in the humble administrator's garden. .
2. History of the Humble Administrator's Garden The Humble Administrator's Garden was originally the residence of Lu Guimeng, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and the Dahong Temple in the Yuan Dynasty.
In the fourth year of Ming Dynasty (AD 1509), Ming Hongzhi and Jiajing Yushiwang were frustrated and retired to Suzhou to buy them. It took 16 years for famous painters and representatives of Wu Pai to participate in the design blueprint. He borrowed the words of Pan Yue, a scholar in the Western Jin Dynasty, saying, "Building a house and planting trees, enjoying yourself". For example, ................................, I regard watering flowers and growing vegetables as my "political" thing.
Shortly after the garden was built, Wang died, and his son Xu lost the whole garden to him in a night of gambling. Over the past 400 years, the Humble Administrator's Garden has changed its owners repeatedly, and it is divided into three parts with different names, either private, official or scattered as residential houses. It was not until the 1950s that it was completely integrated and its original name "Humble Administrator's Garden" was restored.
Humble Administrator's Garden covers an area of 78 mu (52,000 square meters) and is divided into four parts: East, Middle, West and Residential. Folk houses are typical Suzhou folk houses, which are now arranged as exhibition halls of garden museums.
Most of the existing buildings in the Humble Administrator's Garden were rebuilt when the Humble Administrator's Garden became the loyal palace garden of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the ninth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (AD 1850). By the end of the Qing Dynasty, three relatively independent small gardens were formed in the east, middle and west. The central part is the main attraction and essence of Humble Administrator's Garden.
The area is about 18.5 mu. Its overall layout is centered on the pool, and pavilions are built by the water, and some pavilions are straight out of the water, which is quite characteristic of Jiangnan water town.
The pool water area accounts for 3/5 of the whole park area (another data: 1/3). The swimming pool is lush and natural. Buildings of different shapes and heights are arranged at the water's edge, with clear priorities.
The overall pattern still maintains the rich, simple and elegant artistic style of Ming gardens. The "Yuanxiangtang" featuring lotus fragrance is the main building of the main scenic spot of Humble Administrator's Garden in Central China. Located on the south bank of the pool, the pool faces the East-West Mountain Island. The pool is clear and vast, and lotus flowers are planted everywhere. The mountain island is covered with vines, and there is a bridge between the two valleys. There are two pavilions on the mountain island, "Xiang Xue Weiyun Pavilion" in the west and "Daishuang Pavilion" in the east, with four seasons scenery.
The "Yu Yixuan" in the west of Yuanxiangtang is far from the boat-shaped "Xiangzhou" in the west (the name Xiangzhou means arrogant temperament with vanilla), and the two forms a tripartite confrontation with the "Lotus Pavilion" in the north, so you can enjoy the lotus as you like. There is a water inlet to the west of Yuxuan, which goes deep into Nanzhai. There are three water pavilions "Little Canglang" separated by the covered bridge "Little Hong Fei" in the north, forming a quiet water courtyard.
Judging from the architectural names of Humble Administrator's Garden, most of them are related to lotus flowers. The reason why Wang wants to vigorously promote Lotus is mainly to show his noble character.
The central scenic spot-loquat garden also has fine gardens such as micro-architecture, Yulantang and Jianshanlou. The west was originally a "supplementary garden" with an area of about 12.5 mu. Its water surface is circuitous, the layout is compact, and pavilions are built by mountains and rivers.
Because after a substantial reconstruction, the ingenious and artificial artistic style formed after Qianlong gained the upper hand, but the water and stone parts were still close to the central scenic spot. The winding water gallery and the stream passing through Ling Bo were excellent works of Suzhou gardening art, and the main building in the west was the 36-yuan Yang Pavilion near the residential side, which was the place where the garden owner entertained guests and listened to songs at that time. The hall is well furnished.
On a sunny day, looking at the outdoor scenery through the blue glass window is like a snow scene. The pool of the 36-yuan Yangge is in the shape of a curved ruler, which is characterized by the separation of pavilions and terraces and gorgeous decoration.
Corridor ups and downs, water wave reflection, don't have fun. Another big building in the west, "Who sits on the porch with you", is a mystery pavilion. There are two fan-shaped empty windows on the solid walls on both sides of the fan, one facing the "inverted photo studio" and the other facing the "Thirty-six Yuan Yang Pavilion". The back window just reflects the Li Pavilion on the mountain, and the top cover of the Li Pavilion just matches a complete fan.
"Who to sit with" is taken from Su Dongpo's word "Who to sit with, the moon will cool me". So when I saw the plaque, I thought of Su Dongpo, and immediately felt that I could enjoy the moon in the water and be cooled by the cool breeze.
Other buildings in the west include Liuting, Yiliang Pavilion, Reflection Pavilion and Water Gallery. The eastern part of the garden was originally called "rural residence", because the eastern part of the garden belonged to Wang Xinyi, the assistant minister in the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 163 1).
About 3 1 mu, because the Guiyuan Garden has long been deserted, all of them are newly built, and the layout is mainly flat hills, pine lawns and bamboo houses. With the pavilions in the mountain pool, it still maintains a spacious and lively style. The main buildings are Lan Xuetang, Furong Pavilion, Tian Quan Pavilion and Zhuoyunfeng, all of which are relocated.
Other buildings in the Humble Administrator's Garden include Chengguanlou, Fucui Pavilion, Linglong Pavilion and Eighteen Datura Flower Pavilions. The layout of Humble Administrator's Garden is dense and natural, characterized by water, vast water surface, simple and innocent scenery and nature.
It takes the water in the pool as the center, and pavilions are built around the pool, which are connected by leaky windows and cloisters. The rocks, ancient trees, bamboos, flowers and plants in the garden form a distant and quiet picture, which represents the architectural style of the Ming Dynasty gardens. The different scenic spots such as lakes, pools and streams formed by the Humble Administrator's Garden reproduce the artistic conception of landscape poems and landscape paintings and the true and picturesque natural environment in the garden.
Vivi pool water is famous for its leisure, vastness, elegance and calm atmosphere. It meanders down the bay head, and the endless flowing water is winding, deep and charming. Through the Pingqiao Trail as its context, the promenade fills the gap, and the island rocks are reflected in it, making the seemingly loose garden buildings have their own charm. The whole garden building seems to be floating on the water, coupled with wood flowers, which have produced different artistic tastes in different realms. The flowers are blooming in spring, the banana gallery in summer, the reed pond in autumn, the plum shadow and snowy moon in winter, the ubiquitous artistic conception, exquisite twists and turns and poems with endless aftertaste are worthy of being a typical representative of Jiangnan gardens.
Humble Administrator's Garden is a grand view garden-style classical luxury garden, which is known as the "mother of gardens in the world" because of its layout of mountain island, bamboo dock, Songshan Mountain and Qushui. It is as famous as chengde mountain resort, Lingering Garden and Beijing Summer Palace. It is the first of the four famous gardens in China, one of the national key cultural relics protection units, one of the national special tourist attractions and a world cultural heritage. So far, only humble administrator's garden has these four laurels at the same time.
3. I want to know about the history and characteristics of Humble Administrator's Garden. Humble Administrator's Garden, a famous ancient garden in the south of the Yangtze River in China, is located atNo. 178, Northeast Street, the northeast building of Suzhou Ancient City. At present, the park covers an area of about 4. 1 hectare (excluding management and garden land of about 0.67 hectares).
In the fourth year of Ming Dynasty (1509), Wang Jian, an imperial envoy who returned because of the disappointment of his official, built this garden. Later, the owner of the garden changed many times, either as a private garden of bureaucratic landlords, or as a part of the official government, or as a private residence, during which it was rebuilt many times. In the past 400 years, the original comprehensive garden has evolved into three independent gardens, each with its own model.
After that, it was completely renovated and expanded in the early 20th century. Now it is a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Humble Administrator's Garden is one of the four famous gardens in China (the other three are the Summer Palace in Beijing, the Summer Resort in Chengde and the Lingering Garden in Suzhou). It used to be famous in Jiangnan, even more famous than Wu Dong. As a classic of Suzhou gardens, the gardening art of Humble Administrator's Garden represents the characteristics and achievements of private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River in a historical stage and occupies an important position in the gardening history of China.
4. Some simple historical evolution of Humble Administrator's Garden
In the fourth year of the Ming Dynasty (1509), the Humble Administrator's Garden was built by Wang Shou, and it was named "Humble Administrator's Garden" because of a passage in "Living in Idleness" in the Jin Dynasty: "Building a room to plant trees, entertaining myself ... irrigating the garden for dinner in the morning and evening ... This is also the administration of my Humble Administrator's Garden". There is a clever idea that simple people are responsible for their own gardens.
According to historical records, it was first designed by a painter commissioned by Wang. The paintings of My Humble Administrator's Garden, My Humble Administrator's Garden Notes and My Humble Administrator's Garden Fu have been handed down from generation to generation, which completely outlined the landscape and style of the garden. At that time, the park area was about 13.4 hectares, which was relatively large. There are many gaps in the garden, there is water in the middle, and the marsh is turned into a pool, which is broad and lush. Fanhuawu, Yiyuxuan, Furong, Xuan, sill, pool, platform, dock, stream and other scenic spots are 365,438+0. The whole park is full of wild bamboo forests, mountains and rivers, close to natural scenery and full of rich natural wild interest.
According to the description in My Humble Administrator's Garden, when the garden was first built, it was found that this land was not suitable for many buildings.
Humble Administrator's Garden
The geology is soft, filled with water and heavy with moisture. Therefore, Wen Zhiming took water as the main body, supplemented by plants, designed various scenic spots according to local conditions, and put metaphors in poems and paintings on the visual level. There are many Wen Zhiming's couplets and poems in the garden, among which "borrowing the breeze and bright moon, watching the flowing water and the mountains" in the "Five Bamboo Pavilion" can best set off the artistic conception of the garden. In addition, the wisteria planted in the garden is said to have been planted by Wen Zhiming himself. It can be seen that Wen Zhiming likes plants very much. Some scholars have analyzed that more than half of 3 1 scenic spots are related to plants and their meanings.
Experience-more than one hundred and twenty years later, Chongzhen was abandoned for nearly thirty years for four years (163 1 year), and it became the East Garden in the ruins of mounds, which was owned by assistant minister Wang Xinyi. Wang Shan painted landscapes, carefully managed them, sorted out gullies and valleys, and restored them, and renamed "Zhuozheng" as "Guiyuan", taking the meaning of Tao Yuanming's poems.
Humble Administrator's Garden Landscape
Chen Zhilin bought this garden in the tenth year of Qing Shunzhi. 1662, Humble Administrator's Garden was confiscated. In the early years of Kangxi, it used to be the general mansion and the Junlu Museum. Later, it was sent back to Chen Zhilin and sold to Wu Sangui's husband, Wang Yongning. Wang Xiu built a large number of buildings, piled up hills and valleys, and the shape of the garden changed greatly.
In the eighteenth year of Kangxi, he served as the general office of Su Song. After three years of Qianlong (1738), Jiang Bai took over the garden and slightly changed its scale. The east yard is divided into two parts: the middle and the west. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Zhongjun Li Xiucheng took this garden as an important base in Suzhou and converted it into Zhongjun Palace. In the third year of Guangxu (A.D. 1877), Zhang took over this garden and renamed it "Bu Garden". At that time, the hinterland of the Humble Administrator's Garden was reduced to 1.2 hectares, and Zhang renovated many details, thus laying the foundation for today's Humble Administrator's Garden.
Governor Li Hongzhang and Zhang of Jiangsu Province during the Tongzhi period, Governor of Jiangsu Province at the beginning of the Revolution of 1911 and Governor Chen * * of Jiangsu Province during the Anti-Japanese War all took a fancy to the Humble Administrator's Garden. Epidemic hospital, smoking cessation center and district office are all aliases of Humble Administrator's Garden.
On the eve of the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, a generation of famous gardens declined to a state of "foxes and mice wear houses and moss covers the road". In the winter of the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), Japanese aggressor planes bombed Suzhou several times. Yuanxiangtang was damaged by the earthquake, Nanxuan was burned, and the pavilions and pavilions in the garden were dilapidated, withered and dilapidated. 1945
Humble Administrator's Garden
In 28 years, the Japanese puppet government collapsed. The auxiliary garden still belongs to Zhang, and the guild hall still belongs to the hometown association.
1946 (thirty-five years of the Republic of China), the National Institute of Social Education was moved from Bishan, Sichuan to Suzhou, with the Fengzhi Guild Hall as the school building, and the former rural house as the staff dormitory, and bought a vegetable field outside the rural house (now East Tian Quan Pavilion of Humble Administrator's Garden) and converted it into a playground. In the Republic of China 1948 (in the 37th year of the Republic of China), the Institute of Social Education rented an auxiliary garden from Zhang Houren for lack of school buildings.
1949 (thirty-eight years of the Republic of China), * * * * grams of Suzhou. School of Social Education moved to Wuxi. The original school building Humble Administrator's Garden was changed to the Commissioner's Office of Suzhou Administrative Region in South Jiangsu. Zhang's descendants provided a garden for the new dynasty.
195 1 year 1 1 month, Humble Administrator's Garden was placed under the management of Sunan District Cultural Relics Management Committee, and the cultural management department immediately repaired it, invited experts and famous craftsmen to plan and repair it, and restored it as it is. 1952 1.6 month.
196 1 year, Humble Administrator's Garden was listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. 199 1 has been listed as a national characteristic tourist spot by the State Planning Commission, Tourism Bureau and Ministry of Construction. 1997 is listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO. In 2000, it was awarded the title of the first batch of AAAA-level tourist attractions by the National Tourism Administration and the Ministry of Construction. In 2007, it became the first batch of national 5A-level tourist attractions.
Since 1996, Humble Administrator's Garden has held Rhododendron Tourism Festival and Lotus Tourism Festival in spring and summer respectively. On July 8, 2009, Humble Administrator's Garden celebrated its 500th birthday.
5. The History and Legend of Humble Administrator's Garden is located in the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. It was built in the early years of Zheng De in the Ming Dynasty (65438+the beginning of the 6th century) and is a masterpiece of classical gardens in the south of the Yangtze River.
Humble Administrator's Garden, together with Beijing Summer Palace, chengde mountain resort and Suzhou Lingering Garden, is called the four famous gardens in China. 1961On March 4th, the State Council announced the Humble Administrator's Garden as a national key cultural relics protection unit (No.12 1).
With the development of socialist construction, Humble Administrator's Garden has been renovated year by year, showing a generous, natural, fresh and broad-minded style. Unexpectedly, after ten years of turmoil, Humble Administrator's Garden became the object of "breaking the capitalism" and was forced to close.
Later, it was renamed "Dongfeng Park". Although it is still open to the public, the furnishings in the hall have been removed. After the photo studio was turned upside down, it put slides and other things and changed it into a "children's paradise".
During the Cultural Revolution, the garden staff not only did not destroy the famous gardens, but also tried their best to protect the ancient cultural relics, so that the Humble Administrator's Garden could be gradually managed after the downfall of the Gang of Four. Extended data:
The Garden Museum was founded in 1992.
On February 4th, 2007, 65438, the new Garden Museum was built and opened to the public. The new museum is adjacent to Humble Administrator's Garden, covering an area of 3,205 square meters and a building area of 3,390 square meters. The Garden Museum has five exhibition halls: Order Hall, Garden History, Garden Art, Garden Culture and Garden Inheritance. Taking Suzhou Famous Gardens as an example, the rich connotation and artistic charm of Suzhou classical gardens are shown to tourists.
The museum takes gardening tools, furnishings, architectural structures and other objects as the main carriers, displays the traditional gardening techniques of gardens, and uses modern scientific and technological means to show the artistic charm of classical gardens. Tourist attractions Every spring, Humble Administrator's Garden holds the annual "Rhododendron Festival".
The "Rhododendron Festival" is not only a traditional characteristic project of Humble Administrator's Garden, but also one of the key projects listed as "Suzhou Tourism Festival" in Suzhou. During the azalea exhibition, there will be hundreds of rare azaleas on display.
By then, the Humble Administrator's Garden will be crowed, colorful, enchanting and charming. Not only can visitors enjoy the interest of gardens in deep springs, but also can visitors feel the poetry of Humble Administrator's Garden in the beautiful Shan Ye.