Take American villas as an example:
As the United States is an immigrant country, the descendants of almost all major nationalities in the world have brought various architectural styles, especially influenced by the original traditional cultures of Britain, France, Germany, Spain and the United States. Mutual influence and mutual integration, with the further strengthening of economic strength, residential forms that adapt to various new functions emerge in an endless stream, and various colorful residential architectural styles have emerged. Therefore, American architectural style presents a diversified and colorful international trend. American architecture combines the essence of today's world residential architecture with some humanistic elements such as American freedom, liveliness and innovation, making American residence the most advanced, humanized and creative residence in the world.
So North American style is actually a mixed style, unlike European architectural style, which evolved step by step. At the same time, it has accepted many mature architectural styles, which are mutually integrated and influenced.
In view of this, under the general principle of "North American style", this case can further derive various villa styles with different forms and manifestations, such as craftsman style, Tudor style, Georgian style and grassland style. Its specific style is as follows:
1, American architectural style-craftsman style
Craftsman style originated in southern Virginia, about 1905 in Hugary, where most landmark buildings are concentrated. Craftsman style represents the independent western movement of North American architecture, and its guiding force is the British art and handicraft movement. This movement opposed the large-scale reproduction and ordinary design brought by the industrial revolution, and advocated aesthetics, "loyalty" and natural materials in traditional handicrafts. Craftsman style shows the love of materials, crafts and handicrafts, especially the workshops of Japanese architecture. Covered with dark roof panels, the craftsman-style house with obvious style has become the best building with its frame, garden and veranda, which is considered as a great progress in the history of architecture. Hand carved wooden materials, such as oak, teak and mahogany, are used in every building. The embedded technical characteristics of excellent materials run through the specific parts of each building, making each house like a huge sculpture.
2. American architectural style-Tudor style
This style was named after its popularity during the Tudor Dynasty in England. During this period, large-scale religious building activities stopped, and new noble began to build comfortable mansions. In this case, Tudor style, which mixed traditional Gothic and Renaissance styles, came into being. Tudor-style mansion is a complex building with crenels and towers, which belongs to Gothic style. But its composition is prominent in the middle and symmetrical on both sides, which is already a Renaissance style. During this period, there were also many semi-wood (or exposed wood) houses for well-off families to live in. The interior and exterior walls of this house are all wooden frames, and bricks or gypsum are filled between the frames. The wood painted dark contrasts sharply with the light-colored walls, and the roof has steep double-sided slopes. This kind of house has distinctive national characteristics and is often concerned by tourists.
3. American architectural style-Georgian style
The word "Georgia" usually refers to the period from about 1700 to George III. Georgian style originated from the Italian Renaissance style, and it was popular in British colonial countries for a whole century (18th century), adhering to the principle of symmetry and harmony of classicism. It is the most influential style in America and the oldest architectural style in America. British villas emphasize porch decoration and pay more attention to appearance. The Georgian style, which is completely different from medieval architecture, has strict symmetry, balanced proportion and classical characteristics, and is symmetrical and solemn. This style transcends geographical boundaries and is keen to be adopted by the spectacular harbor buildings, southern manors, plantation villas and rural farmyards of wealthy businessmen in New England. The doors and windows of these buildings directly imitate the chapters in the woodworking manual. Exterior decoration, usually focusing on carving the entrance in the center, was extremely luxurious in the early period, that is, the Baroque style period. In the middle and late period of 1700, a more academic and binding decoration technique is to strictly follow the serious design concept of Italian architect andrea palladio (1508-80).
4. American architectural style-grassland style
In the first 20 years of the 20th century, grassland houses, from medium-sized houses to large mansions, reached their peak in Oakpark, Illinois and other midwestern suburbs. Owners are interested in the big houses destroyed in World War I, but the open plane layout, smooth lines, humanized scale in harmony with this style, especially the design of small houses in the suburbs, have left an eternal mark on American architecture.
The grassland style and landmark buildings originated in Chicago are mainly distributed in the suburbs of 10 at the beginning of the 0 th century, especially in Oakpark and River Forest, as well as other big cities in the Midwest. Rural architecture is popular because of the arrangement of books and the promotion of popular magazines. At the beginning of the 20th century, it became quite popular in American suburbs. Most of them were built during 1905- 19 15. After World War I, this style soon went out of fashion.
This is one of the few native American architectural styles. It was developed with the appreciation of some creative Chicago architects, who came from the later famous grassland school.
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