1840 After the Opium War, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. In order to change the tragic fate of the country and the nation, some people with lofty ideals tried to transplant the rule of law model of modern western countries to China, so as to realize their dream of strengthening the country through reform. However, due to various historical reasons, their efforts finally failed.
Under the leadership of China, the people of China have gradually embarked on the road of building a socialist country ruled by law through revolution, construction, reform and development.
1949 the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) has opened a new era of rule of law construction in China. 1949 to the mid-1950s was the initial period of China's socialist legal system. During this period, China formulated a series of laws, such as the Common Program of China People's Political Consultative Conference, which played an important role in consolidating the new Republican regime, maintaining social order and restoring the national economy. The Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC), which was formulated at the first session of the First National People's Congress from 65438 to 0954, and subsequent laws stipulated the political and economic systems of the country and the rights and freedoms of citizens, standardized the organization and functions of state organs, established the basic principles of the national legal system, and initially laid the foundation for the construction of the rule of law in China. After the late 1950s, especially during the decade of the "Cultural Revolution" (1966- 1976), China's socialist legal system was severely damaged.
At the end of 1970s, China * * * summed up historical experience, especially learned the painful lessons of the "Cultural Revolution", made a major decision to shift the national work center to socialist modernization, implemented the policy of reform and opening up, and clarified the principle of governing the country according to law. In order to protect people's democracy, we must strengthen the construction of socialist legal system, institutionalize and legalize democracy, and make this system and law stable, continuous and authoritative, so that it will not change because of changes in * * * *, and will not change because of changes in * * * *' s views and attention. It has become the basic concept of rule of law construction in the new period of reform and opening up. Under the guidance of the basic policy of developing socialist democracy and improving the socialist legal system, the current constitution and a number of basic laws such as criminal law, criminal procedure law, civil procedure law, general principles of civil law and administrative procedure law have been promulgated one after another, and the construction of the rule of law in China has entered a new stage of development.
In the 1990s, China began to promote the construction of socialist market economy in an all-round way, which further laid the economic foundation for the construction of the rule of law and put forward higher requirements for the construction of the rule of law. 1The 15th National Congress of China held in 1997 established "ruling the country according to law" as the basic strategy of governing the country, took "building a socialist country ruled by law" as the important goal of socialist modernization, and put forward the major task of building a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics. 1999, "People's Republic of China (PRC) governs the country according to law and builds a socialist country ruled by law" was written into the Constitution. The rule of law in China has opened a new chapter.
2 1 century, the rule of law in China continued to advance. The 16th National Congress of China held in 2002 took perfecting socialist democracy, perfecting socialist legal system and fully implementing the basic strategy of governing the country according to law as the important goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. In 2004, "the state respects and guarantees human rights" was written into the Constitution. The 17th National Congress of China held in 2007 clearly put forward the basic strategy of governing the country according to law in an all-round way, accelerated the construction of a socialist country ruled by law, and made comprehensive arrangements for strengthening the construction of socialist rule of law.