According to the us energy information administration (EIA) statistical report, in 2020, the average daily oil production of the United States is about11300,000 barrels, ranking first in the world, followed by Russia, with an average daily output of102700 barrels, the third Saudi Arabia, with an average daily output of 9.2 million barrels, and Russia and Saudi Arabia suffer from 20/kloc. In 20 19, the average daily oil production of the United States was12.2 million barrels, that of Russia was11250,000 barrels, and that of Saudi Arabia was 98 1000 barrels. On 20 19, the United States changed from crude oil and its products.
In terms of exports, in 2020, the United States exported 365.438 billion barrels a day, ranking fourth in the world. First, Saudi Arabia exports 6.6 million barrels a day, second, Russia exports 4.7 million barrels a day, and third, Iraq exports 3.4 million barrels a day. In fact, in 20 18, the average daily output of the United States was/kloc-0.09 million barrels, which was already the largest oil producer in the world, with an average daily export volume of 2 million barrels. However, the United States is the largest oil consumer in the world, and it is still a net oil importer compared with the import volume. It was not until 20 19 that 2.98 million barrels were exported that it was a net exporter. On the one hand, the popularity of new energy vehicles has accelerated, and the sales of new energy vehicles such as Tesla have soared. Only 2065438+2009 sold 158925 million vehicles. The most important thing is the steady growth of shale oil production.
With the popularization of automobiles, the change of ship's power mode and the appearance of airplanes, all kinds of machinery and equipment begin to use oil products with higher thermal efficiency, convenience and rapidity. The United States was an important oil exporter in the world in the 1920s and 1940s, and the Rockefeller family rose at that time. Los Angeles, the second largest city in the United States on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, was once a prosperous city due to oil development. The United States is an important oil exporter because the overall demand of the automobile and chemical industries was low at that time. Before the Pearl Harbor incident broke out, the United States stopped exporting oil to Japan, forcing it to sneak attack Pearl Harbor and capture Southeast Asia and Oceania. An important reason is to seize strategic materials oil and rubber.
With the gradual decline of oil production, the gradual development of industry, the continuous increase of car ownership and the leap-forward growth of oil and its products consumption in the western part of the United States in the last century, the United States has gradually become the most important crude oil importer in the world, with an average daily import volume of 6,543,800 barrels. Most of its imports depend on the Middle East, where the oil layer is shallow and the oil production cost is low. In order to ensure its energy security, the United States has established a large number of military bases in the Middle East and has always maintained its strategic presence in the Middle East.
According to the statistics of the US Department of Energy, the United States has proven oil reserves of 68.9 billion barrels, ranking ninth in the world, including shale oil reserves of 46.3 billion barrels. There are four major shale areas, namely, Permian Basin and Eagleford in Texas and New Mexico, BakkenShale in North Dakota, and MarcellusShale in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. However, shale oil is deeply buried, which is difficult to exploit, and the cost of early technical exploitation is very high. Compared with the Middle East, the mining cost is only a few dollars, a dozen dollars, or even twenty or thirty dollars per barrel, which is not cost-effective. Besides exploiting some local and Gulf crude oil, importing in large quantities is the best choice.
By 20 14, the international oil price will exceed 100 USD/barrel, and the shale oil exploitation technology will also improve, and the overall profit and loss cost will still be around 50 USD/barrel. However, for high oil prices, the disadvantage of high cost of shale oil mining technology has been offset, and the United States has applied shale oil mining technology in large quantities. For example, 95% shale oil wells in the United States are exploited by hydraulic fracturing. At this time, OPEC and non-OPEC countries withdrew, fearing losing their leading position in oil control. In addition, in 20 14, the Ukrainian war started, and the United States and Europe sanctioned Russian oil and gas, while Russia's main financial revenue was oil and gas. They disagreed with Saudi Arabia's plan to reduce production and increase production. OPEC and non-OPEC countries, led by Saudi Arabia, have greatly increased their production, and oil prices have plummeted by half in three months, even falling below $40 or even $30. You know, the cost of mining shale oil in the United States is about $50 per barrel. A large number of American shale oil companies went bankrupt, closed oil production facilities and laid off employees.
As the saying goes, if you kill 10 thousand, you have to lose 3 thousand yourself, right? In Saudi Arabia, a major oil producer, oil is the main fiscal revenue, and oil prices have plummeted. Are there any other charges? Its economy has also been hit hard. Saudi Arabia's foreign exchange reserves decreased sharply, reaching $725.2 billion at the end of 20 13. After the oil price war began, it gradually dropped to only $445 billion in 2020. It is necessary to know that the exchange rate of the Saudi currency Rial against the US dollar needs at least 300 billion US dollars. The sanctioned economies of Russia, Iran and Venezuela are even more difficult.
With the deepening of the oil price war, people are surprised to find that more advanced shale oil mining technology, such as heavy oil mining technology, has appeared in the United States, and the profit and loss cost is only $0/6 per barrel. In other words, even if the oil price is $30 per barrel, American shale oil companies can still make a profit, and a large number of oil wells have appeared in shale oil producing areas. The oil production of the United States gradually increased to more than100000 barrels per day, and even reached its peak in 20 19. It can be said that the United States, the world's largest oil consumer, cannot rely on imports at all, and does not look at the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
At this time, the old oil exporters can't sit still, and the price war is meaningless. In addition to increasing the pressure on Russia, they can no longer crush American shale oil companies. By 20 19 and 12, the meeting between the organization of petroleum exporting countries and the non-organization of petroleum exporting countries was held, and all parties decided to cut production and protect oil prices, and oil prices began to rise again. American shale oil producers have laid more pipelines to the coast, and the coast has also added many oil ports that can accept giant tankers. They can pay off their debts and enjoy the success. Although COVID-19 will have a new impact on oil prices in 2020, with the popularization of vaccines and the recovery of the world economy, the status of the United States as the world's number one oil producer will not be shaken at all, on the contrary, it will be exported in large quantities. Last year, the United States was one of the top ten oil importers in China, with an increase of 2 1 1% compared with 2019.76 million tons.
From the development of shale oil in the United States, we once again realize the profound meaning of the famous saying that "science and technology are the primary productive forces". However, China is a country with a large population. Although the oil output will be the top six in the world in 2020, the import will be the first in the world. New energy is the only way for China's energy development. It is hoped that all enterprises and research institutes will make joint efforts to make greater breakthroughs in energy science and technology at an early date.