1940 osaka has a population of 3.25 million, the highest before the war. During World War II, the population of Osaka was greatly reduced because the government forced people to evacuate to the countryside. At the end of the war, the population of Osaka was only about 165438+ one million. 1955, Osaka city expanded again, and the population returned to the city after the war, so the population of Osaka rose to 2.55 million. 1965 osaka's population reached 3 156222, the highest after the war in osaka. Since then, due to the progress of suburbanization, the population of Osaka has decreased. In 2000, the population of Osaka City decreased to 2,598,774. However, after 2000, the population of Osaka Prefecture showed a trend of re-concentration to Osaka City, and the population began to pick up. In 20 14, the population of Osaka was about 2.67 million. The total foreign population in Osaka is 1 15705, of which 72980 are Koreans in Japan, followed by Japanese with 26094.
If the Kyoto-Hanshin metropolitan area with Osaka as the center is regarded as a city, its population is about 6.5438+0.877 million, which is second only to the Tokyo metropolitan area (about 36.8 million) in Japan.
Osaka City is located on Osaka Bay in the southwest of Honshu Island, Japan, near the Seto Inland Sea. It is the capital of Osaka Prefecture and the industrial and commercial, land, sea and air transportation center of Kansai region.
In modern times, as the center of material circulation, it has developed into a commercial city called "the kitchen in the world". Osaka businessmen's unique yearning for freedom and enterprising temperament is a major feature of Osaka. The essence of Japanese traditional art and culture, such as pure glass and kabuki, has been preserved to this day, and the food culture known as "eating poor" has also been continuously developed. Osaka is divided into 26 administrative districts, and the urban layout is square, with the east, west, south and north districts as the city center. Government agencies are mostly concentrated in the Eastern District and Zhongzhi Island; Financial institutions and banks are mostly located in Jinqiao, Koryo Bridge and Yutangjin. Companies, trading companies and firms are concentrated in Zhongzhi Island and Tangdao. There are famous theaters, cinemas, hotels and department stores in Meitian, Bartontu and New World, with Tianjin Pavilion as the center.
Hanshin Industrial Zone is one of the four major industrial zones in Japan with Osaka as the center, with about 30 satellite cities. The industries are mainly machinery manufacturing, chemical industry, shipbuilding and petrochemical industry, and the industrial output value accounts for about one-fifth of Japan's total industrial output value. Osaka Port, founded in 1897, is an important international trade port in Japan with more than 200 berths. Kansai International Airport in Osaka Bay is the most modern international airport in Japan after 20 years of reclamation. The airport was completed and put into operation in September of 1994, with a designed annual transport capacity of more than 30 million passengers and cargo of1400,000 tons. In addition, Osaka also has a spider-web expressway network and a number of Shinkansen railways, which are connected with important cities such as Tokyo, Yokohama and Nagoya. Therefore, Osaka is also an important transportation hub and a major city for economic development in Japan. Service industry is the largest industry in Osaka economy, in which commerce, finance and information industry account for a large proportion. Osaka City Center and North District are the central business districts of Osaka, where many enterprises, government departments and commercial facilities are concentrated. Nakajima in the North District is the location of the Bank of Japan Osaka Branch, Osaka Municipal Government, Sumitomo Life, Kansai Electric Power and other institutions and enterprises. On the other hand, Beibin owns Osaka Stock Exchange and a number of banks and securities companies, making it the largest financial district in Osaka. These two areas are the core of Osaka CBD. Mei Tian and Nanpu, where Osaka Station is located, are two commercial core areas in the north and south of Osaka, where there are many department stores and other commercial facilities. There are many shops along Yutangjin, which connects the two major business districts, and it is also a bustling business district.
Mei Tian area in front of Osaka Station Square in the city, Barton Building in the south and the new world centered on fortification are the three downtown areas in Osaka. Beibin and Jinqiao are financial centers. In addition, there is a "Rainbow City" with a capacity of 500,000 people in the basement of downtown Osaka. There are rows of shops here, brightly lit day and night, and it is a world-famous underground "city that never sleeps". Compared with other big cities in Japan, Osaka has fewer universities and a smaller proportion of college students. In 2009, there were about 32,000 college students in Osaka's universities and short-term universities. The number of universities per capita ranked fourth from the bottom in the cities designated by the decree, and the per capita population of college students ranked last. There used to be many universities in Osaka, but due to the small urban area of Osaka and the limitation of workshops, many universities moved to areas outside Osaka. However, many universities still set up satellite campuses in Osaka.
There are two public universities in Osaka, osaka kyoiku university (Amano Temple Campus) and osaka city university, as well as private universities such as Osaka University of Economics and Osaka University of Technology, totaling 1 1 universities. Osaka University, osaka prefecture university University and Kansai University are among the universities that originated in Osaka but now move to the suburbs of Osaka. Among them, Osaka University ranks among the seven oldest imperial universities in Japan and is still one of the universities with the highest level of teaching and research in Japan. Kansai University is one of the famous private universities. In compulsory and secondary education, Osaka now has 306 primary schools, 154 junior high schools and 94 senior high schools. Osaka was called "wave speed, spray or difficult wave" in ancient times. Due to its proximity to the Seto Inland Sea, Osaka has been an important gateway to the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto since ancient times, and it is the earliest area where Japanese commerce and trade developed. From the 4th century to the 7th century, several generations of Japanese emperors established their capitals here (3 13 to 4 12, 645 to 683). According to Japanese historical records, Emperor Jimmu sailed eastward from Kyushu and arrived in Osaka, where the current was swift and the waves were rolling. He called this place "wave speed", and the meaning of Bohua or Difficult Wave is similar to wave speed. From the19th century, it was renamed Osaka, because the nearby area is mountainous and the sloping land around Shangmachitai is vast and gentle. In Japanese, Sakamoto was originally called Osaka and later evolved into Osaka. 1583, Toyotomi Hideyoshi mobilized 30,000 migrant workers to build a large-scale project, which took three years to build Osaka Castle into a military fortress with dangerous terrain, and built a tall and solid wall with huge stones. Some places are as high as 10 meter, which is the highest among all the ancient Japanese city walls. Grand palaces and houses with unique styles were built in the city, and the yellow roofs and gilded carved beams and painted columns fully demonstrated the superb architectural art of Japan at that time. In addition, Osaka was awarded the title of "Water Capital" and "Bridge Capital" by digging canals and erecting bridges in low-lying areas in the west. Today's Osaka Castle was rebuilt and expanded on the old site of the original city by General Xiu loyal to 1620, and the beautiful and majestic Tianshou Terrace was rebuilt. Osaka, as a city with a long history, has many places of interest, among which the famous Sitian Temple was built in 593 and has more than 40 buildings, including the Golden Pagoda, Pentecostal Pagoda and lecture hall. The Beijing fan collected in the temple is regarded as Japan's national treasure. The original building was destroyed by the mutiny fire, and now the building is rebuilt as it is 1963. The ancient city of Osaka, built by General Hideyoshi in 1583, has a moat and a wall 12 km long. Tianshou Pavilion in the city is 56 meters high and is a five-story and nine-story building. Art treasures from 1568 to 1598 Taoshan era are displayed in the exhibition hall. Tianman Palace, built in 949, is the place where the Tenjin Matsuri (one of the three major Japanese festivals) is held on July 24th and 25th every year. There are Nanpu Palace ruins, the ancient palace in Nara era, Sumitomo Society dedicated to ancient Wu Shen, Song gods and the patron saint of the sea, Buddhist temples in heian period, Danzhu Temple in Edo era, and Izumi Temple in Meiji era. These ancient buildings maintain the ancient style of Osaka in a modern atmosphere.
Osaka is a popular center in Kansai, Japan, with abundant commodities, complete shopping facilities and developed circulation. Osaka people usually divide Osaka into KITA and Wanniki.
The main business districts in Beicheng include Osaka Station, Meitian, Beixindi, Jingqiao and Sakura Palace. Among them, there are many high-end department stores around Osaka Station and Meitian Station, which are shopping places for high-end goods, while there are relatively cheap goods in the underground streets nearby.
The main business districts in Cheng Nan include Xinzhaiqiao, Nanbo, Qian Qian, Heimen Market, Tiannujia, Japan Bridge and Tianbaoshan District in Nangang. Among them, there are several large department stores near Nambo Station, and the Japanese bridge area near Nambo is the "Akihabara" in Osaka, where many electrical stores and duty-free shops are concentrated.
Meitian shopping area
Every day, the shopping area brings together the latest fashion and avant-garde goods. Every weekend, a large number of young people gather in the aisle of the station here to make "hippies", "jazz" or "hip hop", which has become a unique modern cultural landscape in Osaka.
Namba Parks
Nanpu Park, which integrates park and art, has become a stronghold of entertainment and shopping for new people in Osaka.
Osaka America Mura
Osaka Meicun is not only unique and interesting in environment and architecture, but also has many modern artworks such as three-dimensional artworks and murals. Osaka has a subway system consisting of eight lines with a total length of 153 km (excluding direct connection with private railways), which is operated by Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau. If the direct connection with private railways is included, the coverage of this system has reached Nara Prefecture, close to Kyoto Prefecture.
Shinkansen is one of the main means of transportation outside Osaka. New Osaka Station is not only the end of Tokaido Shinkansen, but also the starting point of Yangshan New Main Line. In terms of urban railway transportation, Osaka Station-Umeda Station area in the north and Nambo Station area in the south are the two major railway transportation hubs in Osaka. West Japan Passenger Railway (JR West Japan), headquartered in Osaka, is the largest railway company in Osaka. JR west Japan osaka ring road is the traffic artery of osaka, and osaka station where major lines such as osaka ring road, JR Kyoto line and JR Kobe line meet is the station with the largest passenger flow in JR west Japan osaka. Other railway lines of JR West Japan in Osaka include Sakurajima Line, JR Baozhong Line, JR East-West Line, Katamachi Line (Xueyan Metropolitan Line), Osaka East Line, Kansai Benben Line (Yamato Line) and Hanwa Line. The five major private railway companies in Kansai all take Osaka as the train operation center. Meitian Station is the hub of Hanshin Electric Railway and Hanshin Express Railway. Hanshin Electric Railway operates two lines in Osaka: Hanshin Ben Line and Hanshin Nanbo Line, which mainly serve passengers between Osaka and Kobe. Hankyu Railway operates four lines, namely Kobe Line, Baozhong Line, Kyoto Line and Liqian Line, covering Hanshin area, northern Osaka Prefecture and southern Kyoto Prefecture. The base of Tokyo Electric Railway in Osaka is Jingqiao Station, which operates two lines, namely the Tokyo Line and the Nakajima Line, mainly serving passengers between Osaka and Kyoto. Nambo Station is the hub station of Nippon Steel of Feng Jingen and Nanhai Electric Railway in Osaka. Feng Jingen Nippon Steel has three lines in Osaka: Nara Line, Osaka Line and South Osaka Line, which mainly serve passengers between Osaka and Nara and the East China Sea. Nanhai Electric Railway has two lines in Osaka, namely Nanhai Trunk Line and Gaoye Line, and its main service areas are southern Osaka Prefecture and northern Wakayama Prefecture. Hanako Electric Railway, a subsidiary of Nanhai, also has two lines in Osaka, namely Hanako Line and Uemachi Line, which is an important mode of transportation connecting Osaka and Sakai. Osaka Metro is operated by Osaka Transportation Bureau, which is the traffic artery of Osaka. At present, Osaka Metro includes nine lines, namely Yutang Golden Line, Danqiao Line, No.4 Bridge Line, Central Line, Qian Qian Line, Horizonta Line, Yongzhi Greenland Line, Nangang Gangcheng Line and Imari Line, among which Yutang Golden Line has the largest number of passengers. The Japanese dialect in Osaka, known as Osaka, is one of the most widely used Japanese dialects in Japan and the most representative one in Feng Jingen dialect. In the past, the dialect of Osaka was different because of the different occupations of citizens, but with the frequent exchanges in various parts of the city, the dialect of Osaka has become unified.
Osaka dialect is characterized by weak consonant pronunciation and strong vowel pronunciation. Use dial tone more (ん) and so on. Due to the developed Osaka culture, Osaka dialect has spread to all parts of Japan through various media, which has an impact on standard Japanese. It can be seen that Osaka dialect is a strong dialect among Japanese dialects. Xunrong
Every year, many people come to the "10th Anniversary" held by Gongrong Shrine in droves, praying for the prosperity of family business and business. They buy bamboo branches here to ensure their success. Venue: Rongci, date: 65438+1October 9-65438+1October1.
Peppermint cherry blossom channel
Cherry blossom viewing is an indispensable spring activity anywhere in Japan. The most typical flower viewing activity and place in Osaka is the "Sakura Passage" near the Mint. What is special here is the collection of different kinds of cherry blossoms-as many as 13 1 variety, with a total of 350 plants. Venue: Osaka Mint, date: mid-April.
Youxi Festival
To commemorate Shoto Kutaishi, a memorial activity is held in Tannoja every year to comfort the dead. On the stone platform on the turtle pond, the dance and music of the court let you enjoy the historical experience. Location: Four Tennoja, date: July-August.
Tenjin Matsuri
Tenjin Matsuri with a history of 1050 years is held on July 24th and 25th every year. Together with the Liyuan Festival in Kyoto and the Kanda Festival in Tokyo, it is called the three major festivals in Japan. On the 25th, there were more than 100 ships coming and going on the Dachuan River. Venue: Tianmangong Shrine in Osaka, date: July 24th-July 25th.
Kishi Nobusuke float festival
Kishi Nobusuke Float Festival has a history of more than 300 years. It is a festival to worship the local patron saint, pray for a bumper harvest and eliminate disasters without disease. Venue: Hecheng, kishida fumio, Date: September 14.
Autumn British Flower Festival
In Japan, autumn flowers in Britain, led by cosmos, are regarded as one of the symbols of autumn. Wanbo Memorial Park (the site of Osaka World Expo 1970) with a large area of flowers and plants is one of the main attractions in Kansai. Venue: Wanbo Memorial Park, date: 65438+1October1-165438+1October 3rd. Red leaves viewing season in Shengwei Temple
Venue: Shengwei Temple, date:1late October 65438+ early February 65438+. Osaka Castle 3D Drawing Super Lantern
An activity that once became a hot topic with its grand scale-projecting stereoscopic images on the "Osaka City 3D Stereo Projection" and lanterns in Tianshouge, Osaka City. Venue: Osaka Castle Park, date: 20 1 41213 ~ 201May1.
Fortune Festival
From 65438 1 October 9 to1year1October 9, among the festivals of the god of wealth held in many shrines in Su Lang District of Osaka City and Kansai, the scale of Imamiya Shrine is particularly grand, with110,000 pilgrims coming to pray for prosperity and happiness every year. On this day, people will buy auspicious bamboo and pray to the God of Wealth, who is in charge of business, for a prosperous business. In Kansai dialect, people affectionately call it "EBESSAN", which is not only the god of commerce, but also the god of fishery. People like to take "Zhu Fu" home, which is an ornament representing the prosperous business of the God of Wealth Festival. It is decorated with a large number of holiday items, such as small gold coins, Cargill fish and rice bags. 10 This day is the main festival. The day before is called "Xiaorong" and the day after is called "Canle Music". Today, the famous Qiao Rong on the other side of the Dotonbori River was originally built to facilitate people to visit the present Gongrong Shrine. On 10, the "Bao Hui sedan chair" parade was the largest, with more than 600 people on board, including celebrities, artists and "Fu Niang" who was responsible for distributing mascots to tourists. To be a "rich girl", you need to stand out from more than 3000 competitors. It is said that being chosen as a foster mother will bring a steady stream of suitors, so it has become a symbol of a girl's identity. At 7 o'clock in the morning, the "Chaozhou style" selling Cargill fish will also open, because Cargill fish is a "festive fish" to be tasted on special days in Japan. In addition, there are many shops selling lucky mascots such as tumblers and lucky cats in the temple. Special concert
Osaka's special concerts are held more times every year during the tourist season. The concert will basically start at 5 pm.
Sumo competition
Sumo, called Su Dance in ancient times, originated in Han Dynasty in China, where two Hercules wrestled with each other naked. Until the 7th century, at the funeral of Emperor Ingya (A.D. 453), China sent a special envoy to Japan to perform a vegetarian dance, which was considered to be the first time that China sumo was introduced to Japan, which had a certain influence on the primitive sumo in Japan. Later, it became the international martial arts, fighting and sports in Japan. As a professional competitive event, it is called sumo in Japan.