The reason why Song Shenzong presided over Yuanfeng's reorganization
Song Shenzong is the general moderator of the reorganization of Yuanfeng. It was with Song Shenzong's strong insistence that Yuanfeng's reorganization was able to break through many obstacles and spread out in an all-round way. On the one hand, Song Shenzong's promotion of Yuanfeng reform is based on practical considerations. By the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, social contradictions were intensifying day by day, and the disadvantages of redundant staff were constantly exposed. The implementation of Wang Anshi's political reform also forced the official system of the Northern Song Dynasty to make corresponding adjustments. On the other hand, in the Northern Song Dynasty, the emperor's power was not unlimited, and he was supervised by the prime minister and officials at all levels. Therefore, in order to strengthen his power, Song Shenzong also vigorously promoted the reform of Yuanfeng.
At that time, Prime Minister Wang Anshi presided over the political reform, and all localities were in full swing. However, due to the bloated and inefficient government institutions, political reform has been carried out very slowly. In view of this situation, Song Shenzong promulgated the "Order to Send Lu", which greatly streamlined the administrative organs, eliminated redundant staff, allowed officials to seek jobs politically, and at the same time lowered the senior level of officials and promoted the officials of the General Assembly. In this way, the efficiency of the government is improved. Although it is of little significance from the actual effect later, it will certainly save legal fees.
Another reason why Song Shenzong presided over Yuanfeng's political reform was to satisfy the emperor's autocratic desire for personal desires. No matter how grandiose the reasons for Song Shenzong's reform of Yuanfeng are, its purpose is to seize power, that is, to break through the supervision of regulatory authorities, prime ministers and local officials, so as to make its power unconstrained, realize absolute monarchy and weaken the power of prime ministers. However, the consequences of strengthening imperial power are also very serious, because when power is concentrated on the emperor himself, the operation of the country depends entirely on personal qualities, which is very dangerous.
The content of Yuanfeng's reorganization
The reorganization of Yuanfeng mainly focuses on two aspects. First, in view of the prominent government redundancy, low administrative efficiency and excessive financial expenditure at that time, the "Send Luger" was promulgated. In the future, the promotion of officials should refer to the "Faluge", so that the positions of officials should correspond to the actual positions, and the officials in idle departments should be abolished to reduce the burden on the court. Second, in the name of restoring the old system, the three provinces system in the Tang Dynasty was restored, so that the three ministries could perform their duties, weaken the power of the prime minister and be directly responsible to the emperor.
One of the contents of Yuanfeng's restructuring is to promulgate the "Lugu Pavilion", which is actually to weaken the power of the prime minister, because in this way, the promotion of officials will refer to the "Lugu Pavilion", and the rank and salary standards of officials no longer need to go through the prime minister, so that the positions of officials are consistent with their professional titles, which reduces the phenomenon that officials do not seek their own government in their positions, and also reduces the unclear boundaries and the imagination of passing the buck among officials, thus improving.
The second content of Yuanfeng's restructuring is to restore the three provinces system in the Tang Dynasty in the name of restoring the old system. Although there was a three-province system when the Song Dynasty was established, it existed in name only, and the officials of the three provinces did not exercise their power specifically at ordinary times. Only when the emperor had something to do temporarily, the officials of the three provinces passed orders through the prime minister, and all three provinces were within the power of the prime minister and directly responsible to him. After Yuan Feng's political reform, the prime minister's power was divided into left servant shooting and servant shooting, which were in charge of Menxia province and Zhongshu province respectively. The emperor directly issued orders to the officials of the three provinces to let the emperor directly participate in state affairs, thus strengthening the emperor's personal power and centralization.
Influence of Yuanfeng's reorganization
Yuanfeng's system reform has a great influence. As a major reform of the official system in China's ancient feudal society, it had a very significant impact on later generations. Although the reform of Yuanfeng was based on the increasing social contradictions, obvious redundancy and low administrative efficiency of the central government in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, Song Shenzong insisted on the reform of Yuanfeng despite the opposition of ministers because of personal selfish desires.
The impact of Yuanfeng's restructuring is directly reflected in that it enables officials to occupy their own positions and seek their own administration, while abolishing some idle departments and officials, opening up the promotion order of officials, objectively reducing government expenditure and improving administrative efficiency. But this is only the superficial effect of Yuanfeng's restructuring, and the influence of Yuanfeng's restructuring is limited to the central government. For local governments, due to many obstacles, the effect is even less.
The influence of Yuanfeng's restructuring is reflected in the reform, which strengthens centralization and weakens the power of the prime minister. Before the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, the emperor's power was not arbitrary, but supervised by officials at all levels headed by the prime minister, especially the prime minister's power was too great, and the three provinces of the central government were under the leadership of the prime minister, so the emperor could not directly manage state affairs. For example, at that time, Wang Anshi's political reform was carried out under the overall auspices of Prime Minister Wang Anshi. In view of this, in order to achieve its arbitrary goal, Song Shenzong carried out Yuanfeng reform, aiming at weakening the power of the prime minister and enabling the emperor to directly manage state affairs. After Yuanfeng's political reform, centralization was strengthened day by day and reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty. Power is completely concentrated in the hands of the emperor, and officials can only obey orders. This is the most profound influence of Yuanfeng's political reform.
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