The examination sprouted in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and really took shape in the Tang Dynasty.
With the decline of the gentry and the rise of the civilian landlords, the "Nine-grade Zheng Zhi System" which has paid attention to family status since Wei and Jin Dynasties has been unable to continue. After Emperor Wendi acceded to the throne, the system of Zheng Zhi with Nine Grades was abolished. According to historical records, in the first month of Huang Kai's third year, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty wrote a letter to "Xian Liang". It should be the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Chengzu in the Ming Dynasty (587), and Beijing officials were given five grades or more, and the general manager and secretariat were matched with two imperial examination officials, namely, "ambition, honesty, diligence" and "fairness and diligence".
In April of the third year of Yang Di's great cause, imperial edicts were issued to civil and military officials who had positions, which could be "filial piety and erudition", "integrity and honesty", "integrity", "perseverance", "outstanding knowledge", "beautiful literary talent" and "arrogance and strength". Scholars in the second division, take scholars to "review the policy."
Candidates who took the imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty came from two sources:
The first is "students", that is, students who were studying in the central government schools and local government schools at that time. As long as you pass the exam on campus, you can directly take the exam hosted by the imperial court Shangshu Province, which is also commonly known as the provincial exam. ?
The second is "rural tribute", that is, young intellectuals who don't go to school want to take the imperial examination and can apply to the local state and county governments. ?
The application method is:
Every year in the middle of winter (November of the lunar calendar), the central official school and the state and county libraries submit the list of "student apprentices" who have passed the internal examination to Shangshu Province. "xianggong" is that everyone registers with their own identity materials and resume. ?
They are tested step by step by the counties. Those who pass the examination will be given a farewell ceremony for drinking in the countryside by the local magistrate, and then sent to Chang 'an, the capital, to take the provincial examination in Shangshu Province. After being sent to Shangshu Province for registration, both "student apprentice" and "township tribute" must fill in their names and resumes, and have a guarantor (with a guarantor). After being audited by the Ministry of Housing, they were sent to take the exam for Yuan Wailang and transferred to the Ministry of Ritual from the 24th year of Kaiyuan (AD 736). ?
The time for the proposition test of the Ministry of Rites is about the end of spring (March of the lunar calendar) every year. After the provincial examination, those who pass the examination will participate in the formal department re-examination. After the official department announces the list, those who pass the examination will be awarded official positions.
According to the rules of the Tang court, people who violated the laws of the Tang dynasty, industrial and commercial children, and small officials of state and county governments were not allowed to take the imperial examination. If the above-mentioned unqualified scholars are recommended to take the examination in Shangshu Province, both the school offering wine and the local official history will be punished.
Extended data:
Historical background:
Before Qin Dynasty, the system of "Shi Qing Shi Lu" was implemented, and then the system of military titles was gradually introduced. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the emperor enfeoffed the world. The world is ruled by emperors, princes, ministers and scholars. Inherited by blood. There are guests and diners in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
In the Han dynasty. Promote non-governmental talents. At that time, the procuratorial system and the collection system were adopted. The former is recommended by local governments at all levels to have both ability and political integrity. Those elected by the state are called Jinshi, and those elected by the county are called dutiful sons.
In Wei Wendi, Chen Qun founded Jiupin Zhongzheng. Folk talents were assessed by specific officials according to their origins and moral character, and were divided into Jiupin recruits. This system was used in the Jin and Six Dynasties. Jiupin Zhongzheng is an improvement on the Tea Bureau, mainly changing the Tea Bureau from a local official to an appointed official.
However, during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the gentry was powerful, which often affected Chiang Kai-shek's talent assessment of officials. Later, the standard was even limited to family background. So there is a phenomenon of "no poverty in the top grade and no gentry in the bottom grade". It not only blocked the acquisition of materials from the people, but also allowed the gentry to control the acquisition of materials from the court.
The palace examination part of the imperial examination system is a scholar-taking system, presided over by the emperor himself, and talents are recruited in the form of subject examinations. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, officials have been selected from the children of senior officials in various places. Children of powerful people, regardless of merits and demerits, can be officials. Many people who come from humble origins but have real talents and practical knowledge cannot go to Beijing and other places to serve as senior officials.
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