Main Features of China's Historical Development in Ming and Qing Dynasties
The most important feature of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was to exchange backward systems for national peace. For example, Emperor Hongwu defined farmers' salaries as direct supply to soldiers. Although he saved trouble, he lost a series of opportunities to reform the transportation and financial systems because of the total income and expenditure. Although the Ming and Qing Dynasties had their heyday, even accounting for half of the world's fiscal revenue at that time, the fiscal revenue at the peak of the Ming Dynasty was only a quarter of that of the Northern Song Dynasty, which shows the backwardness of its fiscal and political system. Another problem in the Ming Dynasty was that officials were paid by officials, and the salaries of officials did not even have enough to eat, which laid the groundwork for widespread corruption in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Scholars have no moral standards, and it is difficult to see any breakthrough in governing the country. Although the germination of capitalism appeared in the late Ming Dynasty, it also vanished in the establishment of the Qing Dynasty. In short, the Ming and Qing Dynasties were a period of gradual decline of China's feudal system, but it was also slowly introspecting.