The development of poetry in Tang Dynasty has roughly experienced several stages, including early Tang Dynasty, prosperous Tang Dynasty and middle and late Tang Dynasty, which are briefly introduced respectively.
The number of authors, the breadth of subjects, the superb art and the far-reaching influence of Tang poetry are unprecedented.
Ci originated from the folk in the Tang Dynasty and was called "Quzi Ci". Later, it was accepted by literati and transformed into lyric poetry. After the Five Dynasties, this poetic genre gradually matured. Ci is a poetic genre, which mostly describes the love between men and women in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, the separation of leisure and hatred, and thinks that this is the true face of Ci.
After the unification of China in the Northern Song Dynasty, the economy developed rapidly, especially the industry and commerce, and the cities generally prospered. The expansion of citizen class and the improvement of living standard require rich cultural and recreational life, and the creation and development of urban culture meet the needs of urban cultural life. Coupled with the sharp social contradictions in the Song Dynasty, writers can better express their thoughts and feelings in words and worry about the country and the people. Therefore, Ci became the mainstream form of literature in Song Dynasty.
This paper introduces the representatives of graceful school and bold school, and invites a student to recite Li Qingzhao's Slow Voice, which arouses students' emotion and deepens their understanding of Song Ci.
Attachment to song ci
Ci originated from the folk in the Tang Dynasty and was called "Quzi Ci". Later, it was accepted by literati and transformed into lyric poetry. After the Five Dynasties, this poetic genre gradually matured. Ci is a poetic genre, which mostly describes the love between men and women in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, the separation of leisure and hatred, and thinks that this is the true face of Ci.
What is the social basis for the birth of Ci in Song Dynasty? After the unification of China in the Northern Song Dynasty, the economy developed rapidly, especially the industry and commerce, and the cities generally prospered. The expansion of citizen class and the improvement of living standard require rich cultural and recreational life, and the creation and development of urban culture meet the needs of urban cultural life. Coupled with the sharp social contradictions in the Song Dynasty, writers can better express their thoughts and feelings in words and worry about the country and the people. Therefore, Ci became the mainstream form of literature in Song Dynasty.
Liu Yong was an influential poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was frustrated and bored as an official, so he mixed with prostitutes in Geer and lived a decadent and dissolute life. Liu Yong devoted himself to the creation of Ci all his life and was good at writing feelings. He developed the word "long tune", which is popular and fluent, appealing to both refined and popular tastes. His masterpieces, Lin Yuling and Wang, are still familiar to everyone.
In the past, people divided Song Ci into graceful school and bold school. The early ci belongs to the graceful school, with monotonous content and delicate feelings. Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao are outstanding representatives. After Su Shi became a poet, the style of Ci changed. He learned from others, broadened the realm of ci, praised ancient figures, expressed patriotic embrace, described pastoral scenery and was bold and unrestrained. The unrestrained style is bold and furious, and it is magnificent. The content is mainly based on taking notes and reasoning, expressing inner feelings. Su Shi is the pioneer and main representative of the bold school and the founder of the bold school, which has a great influence on later generations. Su Shi's masterpiece is Niannujiao? Red Cliff Nostalgia and Water Tune? When did the moon begin to appear?
Li Qingzhao was an outstanding poetess who lived in the Song Dynasty. She and her husband Zhao Mingcheng (scholar) lived a very happy life when they were young. After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, the couple crossed the south, and soon their husband died. Li Qingzhao spent the rest of her life in pain and boredom. Her writing is novel, popular, fluent and unique. After the country fled to the south, the feelings of wandering life were mostly written in the ci, which was sad and touching.
The bold and unconstrained ci school initiated by Su Shi did not develop greatly until the Southern Song Dynasty. Among the bold poets, Xin Qiji has the highest achievement. He poured his patriotic feelings into his poems and wrote a lot of generous and tragic works. Among poets, he is as famous as Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty and is called "Su Xin". Xin Qiji (A.D.1140-1207), whose real name is You 'an, is Jia Xuan. Born in the enemy-occupied area of Jinan, he received his grandfather's cultural education and patriotic education since childhood, and made a great wish to make contributions to the recovery of his old country. He could have been an outstanding politician and strategist, but he left his name as a poet. His ci has been handed down from generation to generation for more than 600 poems, with many famous articles.
Ci in Song Dynasty is an important development stage in the history of China's poetry. It opened up a new field of lyric poetry after Tang poetry, leaving a wealth of excellent works, which are still loved by readers. The essence of Song poetry, like Tang poetry, should be used for reference by today's poetry creation.