1886 12 1, Zhu De was born in a tenant farmer's family, and his family was poor when he was a child. He devoted himself to the revolution without going to a private school for several years.
1909, Zhu De was admitted to Yunnan Military Academy. From then on, he was determined to join the army and serve the country.
19 1 1 year, Zhu De participated in the Revolution of 1911, and then participated in the national protection movement and the law protection movement successively. After the victory of the October Revolution, the Soviet Union began to accept Marxism, joined the German Production Party on the way to study in China, and then accepted the organizational arrangement to study military affairs in the Soviet Union.
1926, Zhu De returned to China. He was first sent to Sichuan to lead the revolutionary work, and then formed an officer education group to train military cadres.
1927, Chiang Kai-shek flagrantly launched a counter-revolutionary coup and slaughtered * * * producers. At this critical moment, Mr. Zhu was ordered to participate in and lead the Nanchang Uprising and embarked on the road of confrontation with the Kuomintang reactionaries.
1September, 927, the Red Army Nanchang Uprising Army, which was facing a desperate situation, hesitated at Sanheba. Most people think there is no hope of winning, and they want to dissolve the team to save their strength. The boss calmly analyzed the situation, found the weakest link in the enemy's direction in southern Hunan, and took the lead in launching a surprise attack, which dealt a heavy blow to the reactionaries. Later, when the troops were tired and the officers were shaken, they stabilized the situation, defeated the strong with the weak, and moved to Fujian and Jiangxi, constantly defeating the enemy's pursuit and interception.
1928, Mr. Zhu and Marshal Chen Yi led nearly 800 people from northern Guangdong to Yizhang County in southern Hunan, got in touch with the local * * * production party, and decided to take advantage of the outbreak of the Kuomintang Li Zongren and Tang Shengzhi wars to develop in southern Hunan, seize Yizhang and launch an armed uprising.
65438+ 10 12, the rest of Nanchang Uprising Army used the relationship of Hu Shaohai, who had served as the battalion commander of the Sixth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, to outwit Yizhang City, arrest the officials and gentry of the Kuomintang county government, disarm the regiment defense bureau and the police station, mobilize the masses, open warehouses to help the poor, open prisons, and rescue the imprisoned party member and people, which started the uprising in southern Hunan.
Then, the rest of the Nanchang Uprising Army was reorganized into the First Division of the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army, with Chen Yiren as the party representative and Wang as the chief of staff. Yizhang Agricultural Army was reorganized into an independent regiment, which outwitted Yizhang City and gave a blow and shock to the local ruling forces of the Naming Party.
In mid-March, Zhu De held a congress of workers, peasants and soldiers in southern Hunan and established the Soviet government in southern Hunan. Zhu De then organized the Red Army of Workers and Peasants during the uprising in southern Hunan into the third, fourth and seventh divisions of the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants and two independent regiments, with a total of more than 800 people.
It was not until later that the seven divisions of the Kuomintang army began to counterattack southern Hunan. In order to preserve the revolutionary forces, Marshal Zhu De and Marshal Chen Yi withdrew from southern Hunan in early April and moved to Jinggangshan revolutionary base.
Soon, Zhu De joined forces with the revolutionary army of workers and peasants led by Chairman Mao, and it was precisely because Zhu De, with only 800 people left, kept the revolutionary flame.
Note here that in this unit, there are also Marshal Lin Biao and General Su Yu, among whom Zhu De also invented the classic guerrilla warfare 16-character formula "The enemy advances and I retreat; The enemy is stationed, and I am disturbing; The enemy is tired and I fight; The enemy retreated and I entered. " Even Chairman Mao, who is best at guerrilla tactics, has pointed out many times that his military experience originated from Zhu De's summary in actual combat.
In terms of talents, Zhu De is also a discerning person. During the uprising in southern Hunan before Jinggangshan in Zhu De, Marshal Lin Biao, who suffered setbacks, attracted Zhu De's attention and made him a battalion commander. Shuai Lin took the most crucial step in his life.
1927, in Dayu Mountain, Su Yulian was promoted to two levels, and was appointed as the company instructor by Zhu De, becoming one of the only seven directors of the infantry company. Many years later, General Su Yu also recalled that in a mountain pass in Wuping, he saw Zhu De, who was over 40 years old, and several people climbed up the steep cliff briskly and attacked the landlords and armed vigilantes blocking the road from the side.
When I was in Jinggangshan, the companies of Zhu De, Chen Yi and Su Yu helped the villagers to harvest rice. The sun was blazing, 1 hour passed quickly. Zhu De, the oldest, was advised to rest, but Zhu De disagreed. He said thoughtfully, it doesn't matter. Revolution is like a relay run, which is passed down one after another. I am old and have Su Yu. Obviously, Zhu De's choice is correct.
1930, Zhu De was appointed commander-in-chief of the Chinese Red Army by the Central Committee. 1934, the Central Red Army was forced to withdraw from the Central Revolutionary Base after its fifth defeat against "encirclement and suppression" and began a large-scale strategic shift.
At the beginning of the Long March, the Central Red Army was reduced from more than 80,000 people to only 30,000 people after the "Xiangjiang War", precisely because the left-leaning dogmatic leaders in Bo Gu practiced escapism.
At that time, Li De, the actual commander of the Red Army and German consultant, ignored the enemy's mobilization of more than 400,000 people to round up, and still pinned his hopes on the rendezvous with the Red Second and Red Sixth Armies, insisting on advancing to Xiangxi as originally planned, which put the Red Army in danger of collapse.
At this critical juncture, Chairman Mao urged to get rid of the enemy's main force and move forward to Guizhou, where the enemy's strength was weak, in order to gain the initiative. This idea has been endorsed by most comrades of the Central Military Commission.
1935 65438+1On October 7th, the Red Army captured Zunyi City, an important town in northern Guizhou, and held a Zunyi meeting with historical turning point. According to the resolution of Zunyi Meeting, military commanders Zhu De and Zhou Enlai are in charge of military affairs, and the Prime Minister is the final decision-maker entrusted by the Central Committee. The new chairman of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau assisted the work of the General Political Commissar, and the Central Red Army visited Chishui for the first time.
February 18, Chishui second crossing was completed. On March 4th, Zhu De proposed to establish the former enemy headquarters and commander-in-chief, and he proposed Chairman Mao as the former enemy political commissar. Chairman Mao only participated in the direct leadership of military operations.
In March 1935, 1 1, the Central Committee established a new three-member military leading group, and Chairman Mao became one of the main military leaders.
On March 16, the Red Army completed the third crossing, and then on March 2 1 day, it crossed the Chishui River eastward as the fourth crossing. At this point, the whole four crossings came to an end.
From 1934 12 18 Liping meeting to1935 March 1 1, a three-member group was newly established. In the past three months, Zhu De, as Commander-in-Chief and chairman of the Central Military Commission, was responsible for both operational plans, operational orders and operational arrangements, and had the right to make these orders and arrangements.
Therefore, before the establishment of the Three-member Regiment, Zhu De played an important role in the leadership of Sidu Chishui, which was also a glorious battle of our army in the history of the Long March.
Until 1937 in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Zhu De served as commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, later renamed as commander-in-chief of the Eighteenth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and led the Eighth Route Army to attend War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in North China. During the Anti-Japanese War, Mr. Zhu and Mr. Peng deployed the Pingxingguan Campaign, and then cooperated with the Xinkou Campaign to command various departments of the Eighth Route Army to lure the enemy deeper and carry out guerrilla warfare. Later, he joined forces with Mr. Peng and Zuo Quan to deploy the "Hundred Regiments War."
After the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang reactionaries headed by Chiang Kai-shek plotted to launch a civil war. At the critical moment, Mr. Zhu stepped forward and became the commander-in-chief of China People's Liberation Army. During this period, under Zhu De's strategizing, the People's Liberation Army successively defeated the all-round attack and key attack of the Kuomintang reactionaries, and the revolutionary situation in China was reversed.
When the war of liberation entered a state of strategic stalemate, the northeast, east China and other war zones began to organize large-scale campaigns to annihilate the Kuomintang army with the whole army and the first division. Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei, a model base area during the Anti-Japanese War, has never been able to open the situation and fight a decent war of annihilation.
1947 In May, the five secretaries of the Central Committee were divided into two groups. , Zhou Enlai, Ren stayed in the dangerous area of northern Shaanxi, Zhu De and crossed the Yellow River to the north. Soon after Zhu De arrived in North China, he found that there were great problems in the troops in North China. The rear area is too big, so few people go to war. The field army claims to be1.20 thousand, but less than 70 thousand people can actually be used in combat. The rest are engaged in production in the rear, and the organs at or above the regimental level have their own property, and the discipline is chaotic.
He immediately reorganized the army and implemented measures such as stopping business and production, turning all shops into public ownership, and establishing a unified logistics organization for special management. After two months of army consolidation, the combat effectiveness of the troops in North China has been significantly improved. 10, he commanded the North China troops in Qingfengdian, north of Baoding, annihilated the Kuomintang Third Army, captured the commander Luo Lirong alive, and fought the first beautiful annihilation war.
Finally, in the North China battlefield, Zhu De commanded the last beautiful "decisive battle". As a pioneer of guerrilla warfare, Zhu De made another theoretical innovation, changed "guerrilla warfare" into "mobile warfare", used his troops flexibly, evaded the reality and attacked the imaginary, and captured the big city Shijiazhuang, thus resolving the passive situation in the early days of the war and beating the Kuomintang Tiger Fu, who was known as the "King of North China".
Generally speaking, Zhu De led the troops in North China to fight a series of turnaround battles, completed the strategic transformation of military struggle from guerrilla warfare to mobile warfare, organized troops to lay the first big city in Shanhaiguan, and formed a large-scale liberated area in North China.
1948 In the three major battles, Zhu De assisted Chairman Mao in commanding the Northeast Field Army, the Central China Field Army and the East China Field Army to win the Liaoshen, Ping Jin and Huaihai campaigns, and Chiang Kai-shek's own troops were completely annihilated.
1955, Zhu De was awarded the rank of Marshal by the Central Military Commission, ranking first among the top ten marshals. At the award ceremony, Chairman Mao personally conferred the title on Mr. Zhu.
1July 6, 976, Zhu De died of overwork.
Zhu De was a great proletarian revolutionary. He can not only personally command the front line militarily, but also take charge of the overall situation. He is good at discovering and cultivating talents and grasping the revolutionary direction, and deserves to be the first marshal of our army.