all one's life
Yue Fei lost his father at an early age and was raised by his mother. Legend has it that his mother tattooed the words "faithfully serve the country" [1] on his back, which made him remember the hatred between the country and his family. I studied martial arts with Zhou Dong before.
1124,21year-old, he joined the army as a subordinate of Zong Ze and made great achievements. He is famous for 800 Yue Jiajun who defeated 5,000 nomads. Li Guan commanded loyal minister Wu's, An Lushan in Ezhou and Heyang's three towns.
1 126 years, Jin Bing broke through Kaifeng and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. 1 134 (Shaoxing four years), Yue Fei cut gold for the first time and recovered six counties such as Xiangyang and Xinyang. 1 136 (the sixth year of Shaoxing) went north again, occupied Yiyang and Luoyang, and was forced to withdraw to Ezhou because of fighting alone. Yue Fei's ambition was not rewarded in this Northern Expedition, and he wrote "Man Jiang Hong".
1 140 spring (Shaoxing ten years), Jin Wushu invaded south, Yue Fei sent troops to defeat Jin Bing, recovered Zhengzhou and Luoyang, and arrived in Zhuxian Town (now 20 kilometers south of Kaifeng, Henan Province), directly forcing the capital of Jin State to die Bianjing. Yue Jiajun's morale was high and he shouted "Go straight to Huanglong". The Lord sent Qin Gui to Song Gaozong and recalled Yue Fei who won 12 gold medals in succession. Before withdrawing troops, Yue Fei sighed: "Ten years of hard work was destroyed! States and counties will be closed once and for all! The country is difficult to revive! Gankun world, there is no reason to reply! "As a result, Yue Fei's Northern Expedition failed for political reasons. Later, Yue Fei and his son were arrested and tried by Qin Gui on charges of rebellion. There is no trial result because there is no evidence. In the end, Qin Gui was accused of being "unwarranted" (Han Shizhong confronted Qin Gui, and Qin Gui prevaricated that "this matter was unwarranted (possible)"), and in the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1 142), on the 29th New Year's Eve of the lunar calendar, he was in Hangzhou Dali Temple. .
In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 153), Song Xiaozong acceded to the throne and prepared for the northern expedition. He wrote a letter to rehabilitate Yue Fei, pursue the king of Hubei, kill Wu Mu and be loyal to Wu, and was reburied in Qixialing, West Lake, the "Tomb of King Yue of Song Dynasty" by the West Lake in Hangzhou. He also set up a temple in Wuchang, Hubei Province, famous for his loyalty and courage, and compiled the history of Song Dynasty.
The reason for being executed
Yue Fei and his son were executed by Song Gaozong for many reasons:
Song Gaozong is worried that if Yue Fei wins, he can welcome Emperor Qin Hui back to North Korea, and Song Gaozong's status as the son of heaven may be lost. But some people think that Song Gaozong is not worried about it. At that time, Hui Zong was dead, and when Emperor Gaozong and Jin Guo made peace with Shaoxing, they repeatedly stressed that they would welcome Qin Zong back to the Song Dynasty. Later, Qin Zong was not released because Xu Jin went back on his word. Qin zong gave up when he came to power, and Gao zong was not afraid of losing his rights.
In order to please the Jin people and promote peace talks.
Qin Gui is a spy for Xu Jinguo. This statement is considered by most people to be nonsense.
Yue Fei interfered with the issue of Emperor Gaozong's successor because he used it repeatedly. The emperor himself had no heir, and Yue Fei wrote many times, suggesting that the emperor should establish an heir early for social stability, which violated the emperor's taboo. Yue Fei was recalled with 12 gold medals, which made her more self-respecting. The so-called "trumped-up" charge means that he can be executed without proving the accusation of treason.
A bold guess is that Yue Fei may be the son of exiled Song Huizong and the brother of Zhao Gou. Zhao Gou discovered this matter, and in just one year, he changed from highly trusting Yue Fei to ordering Qin Gui to kill Yue Fei on trumped-up charges.
Yue Fei in literature
The tragic story of Yue Fei's legend has become an important material for later literary works, and it is also the spiritual banner of the Han nationality's nationalist struggle against foreign regimes from the Yuan Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty and even the Revolution of 1911. These works with strong subjective color and even national prejudice "symbolized" him, so that no one cared about his real life.
filial piety/mourning
In all the stories, Yue Fei was portrayed as a perfect soldier with both civil and military skills, and a model of abiding by Confucian ethics. Some of these stories emphasize his innate nationalist spirit, such as (mother-in-law tattoo). His mother tattooed the words "faithfully serve the country" on his back to remind him that his country hates his family. This folk story also embodies his "filial piety" and has a special meaning in the ancient society of China, where "the family and the country are isomorphic".
military affairs
Some stories emphasize his military genius. In folk literature works such as Yue Jiajun, Yue Jiajun starved to death and refused to grab food, froze to death and refused to demolish the house, and even made the enemy lament that it was easier to shake the mountain than to shake Yue Jiajun. He made a good start, and Zhuxian Town won a great victory and defeated the army of nomads from the Golden Army. Almost all his works focus on his personal tragedy and relate it to the fate of the country. .
politics
The common paradigm of these descriptions is that Yue Fei was recalled by Zhao Gou, the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, and was executed for "trumped-up" charges when the war situation was smooth and could have gone straight to Huanglongfu, the state of Jin. These descriptions reflect the unconscious tendency of "pan-moralization" in China society, that is, political events are evaluated by moral standards, and political contradictions are described as moral conflicts between "loyalty" and "treachery" of politicians.
It is worth mentioning that Yue Fei was framed to death and would rather die than surrender, which embodies the Confucian loyalty to the monarch and is also affirmed by these works. This moral paradox has also become one of the focuses of controversy in later generations. In Huanglong Fu, the author takes an anti-historicism stance and rewrites history as "Yue Fei defeated Jin Jun and went straight to Huanglong". Similar propositions about injustice and loyalty can also be found in works like Water Margin.
In fact, until the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), many disputes about Yue Fei continued. For example, in the 1950s and 1960s, the official history criticized his "foolish loyalty" from the perspective of Marxism. In the late 20th century, based on the reality and history that China has been and has always been a "multi-ethnic country" according to the official ideology, the department in charge of history teaching in middle schools of the Ministry of Education issued a document to stop calling it a "national hero", but this was only an individual incident. For example, Yu Guiyuan's History Teaching Syllabus for Full-time Ordinary Senior High Schools (Experimental Revised Edition) mentioned that it is necessary to "scientifically analyze and treat the national wars in China's history from the perspective of historical materialism. This national war is different from the national war of the Chinese nation against foreign aggression. It is a war between ethnic groups in China, and it is a "brother fight at home". There is a difference between justice and injustice. It is inappropriate to mention aggression and anti-aggression ... For outstanding figures like Yue Fei and Wen Tianxiang, although we are sure of their role and position in opposing national plunder and oppression, they are not called national heroes. " Undeniably, the story of Yue Fei, as a common memory of Chinese people all over the world, especially the Han nationality as the main ethnic group, has been told. This memory is so deep that related allusions have become idioms and fixed expressions of China, such as "going straight to Huanglong" and "serving the country wholeheartedly".
poetic sentiment
Like many generals and politicians in ancient China, Yue Fei was handed down as a literary genius. The impassioned and well-known "Man Jiang Hong" is well known to Chinese all over the world for its "fame at 30, dust settled, eight thousand miles of clouds and moon, don't wait, grow old together, and be heartbroken". But whether this famous sentence was written by him is still controversial in the literary world. In fact, because of many "behind-the-scenes", it is very likely that future generations will cover them up for political or other purposes.
Yue Fei wrote another poem, Xiao Zhongshan, which described his anxiety about the country and his isolation in North Korea.
Military and martial arts
Besides poetry, it is said that Yue Wumu's Art of War, Yue Family Boxing and Yue Family Gun have been handed down from generation to generation. He is called the founder of Liuhe Boxing School.
calligraphy
Yue Fei's calligraphy is also commendable. The word "give me back my rivers and mountains" is magnificent, and it is now an inscription on the Yue Temple in Hangzhou.