1, the National Political Council was held. In the twenty-seventh year of the Republic of China (1938), in mid-June, the Military Commission of the National Government formulated the operational plan to defend Wuhan, and also stipulated the strategic guidelines. Its central idea is to base itself on exterior lines, maintain the high mobility of troops, use terrain and fortifications to resist and consume one Japanese army after another, exchange space for time, and finally change the battle situation of the enemy attacking and defending.
On July 6th, the first session of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Wuhan. The congress solemnly declared: "The Chinese nation will mobilize all human and material resources with strong and unyielding will. The vicious aggressor fought a long battle for self-defense and humanity.
2. Japan's strategic attempt. 1937 1 1 after some institutions of the national government moved from Nanjing to Wuhan, they actually became the military, political and economic center of China, and their strategic position was very important.
After the Japanese army occupied Nanjing, the War Department, as the base camp of the Japanese army, began to study the battle to capture Hankou, but due to various conditions, it was temporarily put on hold.
1938 at the beginning of April, the Japanese base camp decided to carry out the Xuzhou battle and also decided to carry out the Wuhan battle. When making the plan for the battle of Xuzhou, it was "foreseeing the post-war situation and considering the future battle of Wuhan." /kloc-in June of 0/5, the Japanese Imperial Parliament officially decided to carry out the battle to capture Wuhan.
Second, the significance of Wuhan Battle
The greatest significance of the Wuhan Battle was to force the Japanese army to stop its strategic attack, but Japan failed to realize its strategic attempt. Before the Japanese invaded Wuhan, they tried to destroy China's resistance by a powerful military attack. After 0/5 months of hard resistance by Japanese soldiers and civilians, the Japanese army suffered nearly 450,000 casualties, the military expenditure was nearly 0/0 billion yen, and the consumption of manpower, material resources and financial resources reached an unprecedented level.
The battle of Wuhan not only caused the Japanese army to suffer another strategic failure, but also became a turning point for Japan from strategic attack to strategic conservatism. Since then, China and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression have entered the stage of strategic stalemate.
Extended data:
Battle result:
On the north bank of the Yangtze River, the Japanese army "killed 287 people (7 officials) and injured 866 people (officials 15 people) in the offensive and defensive battle of Tianjiazhen fortress, totaling 1 150 people, and it is expected to increase". On the south bank of the Yangtze River, the garrison of China fought fiercely with the enemy for 8 days and nights, causing heavy casualties.
In Fuchikou (now Fuchi Town, Yangxin), the fortress fought a bloody battle with the Japanese army for nearly 10 days, repelling the Japanese attack many times, and finally the shameless Japanese invaders occupied the national army with poison gas.
In Dabie mountain area, the national army stubbornly blocked the Japanese army in Fujinshan highland, and was hit hard by the enemy, killing more than 65,438+10,000 people. The average Japanese company was reduced to 40 people, and the battalion commander officers suffered more casualties.
During the Battle of Wuhan, China's Air Force and Navy also actively participated in the war. With the cooperation of the Soviet Aviation Volunteer Brigade, the China Air Force fought the Japanese Air Force seven times, destroying 78 Japanese planes and sinking 23 Japanese ships, which effectively supported the operations of the ground forces.
China's navy also fought fiercely on the Yangtze River, laying mines in fortresses along the river, setting up coastal guns and sinking several Japanese ships, which effectively delayed the attack of Japanese ships along the river and achieved strategic success.
Due to the persistent resistance of the national army, the Japanese troops from all walks of life did not complete the encirclement of Wuhan in the east, south and north until the end of 10. However, from the strategic point of view of the protracted war of resistance against Japan, the national army did not fight the enemy, but retreated from Wuhan, saving its effective strength.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Wuhan Battle