Yan 'an, located in the middle of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, is the holy land of China revolution.
Yan 'an borders the Yellow River in the east and Shanxi and Gansu in the west.
Yan 'an is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation.
More than 5,000 years ago, Xuanyuan, the Yellow Emperor, established the first co-owner country in the history of the Chinese nation here.
In the Xia Dynasty, Yan 'an belonged to Shangzhou.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Yan 'an was successively owned by Jin, Wei and Qin, and Qin and Han Dynasties were under the jurisdiction of Shang Jun.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yan 'an was successively incorporated into the territory of pre-Qin, post-Qin and Daxia.
Yan 'an County was set up in the army of Sui Dynasty, Yanzhou in Tang and Song Dynasties, Yan 'an House in Ming and Qing Dynasties and Yulin Road in the Republic of China.
Before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Yan 'an was the capital of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.
From 1935 to 1948, Yan 'an was once the seat of the Central Committee of China and the general rear of the people's liberation struggle.
Yan 'an area was established after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC).
Yan 'an was named as a famous historical and cultural city by the State Council in 1982.
1996165438+10, the State Council approved the revocation of Yan' an area and the establishment of prefecture-level Yan' an city.
Yan 'an is rich in tourism resources, including Xuanyuan Huangdi Mausoleum, a national key protection unit announced by the State Council, and Zichang Zhongshan Grottoes, a national key cultural relics protection unit. In terms of natural landscape, there are the largest wild peony group in China, Hukou Waterfall of Yan 'an Yellow River and Wanhua, the hometown of Mulan.
Yan 'an is a world-famous revolutionary holy land in China, which occupies an extremely important and special position in the modern history of China. There are 140 revolutionary former residences, such as Wang Jiaping, where the Central Military Commission and the Eighth Route Army headquarters are located; * * * Phoenix Mountain, the former site of the Central Committee; There are also Baota shan, Zaoyuan, Yang Jialing and other places.
Yan 'an's folk songs and dances are rich and colorful, including the famous northern Shaanxi folk songs, Ansai waist drum, Shangyuan Zhuan Jiuqu and so on, which are deeply loved by farmers in northern Shaanxi.
Yan' an belongs to the warm temperate zone, with an average annual temperature of 9.3oC. Yan' an is a good place for summer, and the temperature difference between morning and evening and noon is large. You might as well prepare some thicker clothes.
July, August and September are the best months for traveling.
* * * Study and life in Yan 'an
In the process of compiling "China Historical Materials Series Biography of Senior Military Generals", we visited some revolutionary memorial sites to collect historical materials and interviewed some revolutionary old people and experts and scholars, which benefited a lot.
I deeply feel that the process of compiling history books and biographies is a process of continuous learning.
In particular, some anecdotes about * * * studying and living in the revolutionary holy land of Yan 'an are particularly admirable and exciting.
From Phoenix Mountain to Yang Jialing, from Zaoyuan to Wang Jiaping, * * * used desks, bookshelves, book boxes and other items are placed in his former residence.
Immersed in the scene, in every place where * * * has lived, we seem to see him reading widely and writing diligently.
1937 65438+ 10. After * * arrived in Yan 'an, he bought various books and newspapers from * * * through various channels. Later, his books gradually increased, until the shelves and beds could not be put down, so he had to put some books in a bungalow not far from his residence and be managed by a special person.
Later, because Japanese planes bombed Yan 'an, he moved the books stored in the bungalow to a deeper cave for protection.
* * * He is very absorbed in reading, studying and writing. At that time, the conditions in Yan 'an were very difficult, and it was very cold in winter. Sometimes my hands and feet are numb with cold, so I put a pot of charcoal fire under the table and often burn my cotton shoes. After he put out the fire on his cotton shoes, he went on reading and writing.
On the desk of the former residence of Zaoyuan in Yan 'an, there is still an iron bar, which is the first sample of iron made in Yan 'an during the Great Production Movement.
At that time, Yan 'an people happily presented this hard-won iron bar sample to * * * and gave him good news.
* * * I cherish this iron bar so much that I can't put it down on my desk.
It can be used not only as a weighbridge, but also for fitness.
Sometimes * * * writes for a long time, and your fingers are sore, so you pick up this iron bar and hold it to relax your fingers before you continue to write.
There is a wooden bed, a table, a bookshelf, a wooden box and some Xiao Mu stools in the Yang Jialing Cave in Yan 'an.
* * * Used to studying and working all night.
At that time, there was no electricity in Yan 'an. At night, writing articles and marking documents were all lit by candles. The dim and unstable candlelight makes my eyes tired.
Feeling tired, he wiped his face with his hands several times, rubbed his eyes, moved his waist and legs outside the cave, took a walk, and went back to the cave to continue writing. He didn't go to bed until the early morning of the next day, and got up in the morning 10 to continue his study and work.
According to the memories of several revolutionary old people, every Wednesday night, about * * * 10 people held a philosophical symposium in their caves. At that time, He Sijing, Ai Siqi, Ren, Xu Guangda, Xiao, Chen Bojun and Guo Huaruo were present.
They talked about Marxism–Leninism's philosophy around candles.
Every time, * * * personally presided over, and designated a spokesperson in advance, prepared the speech outline, made a central speech, and then let everyone express their opinions.
* * * Listen carefully and take notes.
* * * has a passion for learning Marxist philosophy, which has aroused the interest of many middle and senior cadres in learning Marxist philosophy, and initially formed a craze for party, government and military cadres to learn philosophy.
* * * also often go to the Red Army University (later changed to the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University) to give lectures. He explained philosophy in simple terms, which was very vivid, lively and interesting.
He has always unified the two idioms of "never tire of learning" and "never tire of teaching", and thinks that teaching should learn from each other's strong points.
* * * On the basis of studying hard and studying hard, he also liberated philosophy from philosophers' books and lecture halls. He tried to spread materialist dialectics in easy-to-understand and easy-to-remember language, and creatively developed many aspects of dialectics, such as particularity of contradiction, seeking truth from facts, proceeding from reality, investigation and study, splitting into two and grasping.
* * * assiduously studied Marxist philosophy, always based on the combination with the struggle practice of China Revolution, and made contributions to Marxism-Leninism theory.
From1June 1937 to1March 1947, * * * lived in Yan 'an for 10 years. He read and studied Marxist philosophy extensively and systematically. At that time, there were works of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin on his bookshelf, and there were many China history books with threads.
During this period, he wrote more than 100 articles in combination with the reality of China revolution, 92 of which were later included in Selected Works of * * *.
Many important works, such as On Practice, On Contradiction, Protracted War, League Conclusion, The Situation after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's Victory and Our Policy, were written under quite difficult conditions in Yan 'an period.
1947 In March, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized 230,000 troops to attack Yan 'an. When the Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and its headquarters were evacuated from Yan 'an, a lot of other things were lost, but most of the books of * * * were taken away, especially those he annotated. He always took them to northern Shaanxi, and went through hardships and traveled thousands of miles before he brought them.
When leaving Yan 'an, * * * said: It is right to fight for every inch of land, but it depends on how to fight for it. "Save lost ground, everyone saves. Save land, you will lose people, and everyone will lose land.
If we give up Yan 'an today, it means that we will liberate Xi, Nanking and all China in the future. Tell you, at least one year, at most two years, we will go back to Yan 'an.
Where shall we meet next time? Maybe not in Yan 'an, maybe in Nanjing, Shanghai and Peiping. "History has confirmed the wise vision of * * *.
This is inseparable from his extensive reading, diligent study and courage to practice.
* * * is not only a great proletarian revolutionary, strategist and politician, but also a knowledgeable scholar. His tireless study and life are closely linked with his revolutionary career.