Switzerland adopted the soldier's knife as the official individual equipment of the Swiss army on February 6, 1990. The soldier's knife with model 189 1890 was officially produced in Germany. The handle used at that time was oak, and the functional components were basically the same as the following photos: the main knife, screwdriver and can opening. The size of the handle is 10 cm, and the degree of completion is low. In the second year 10, it was produced in Switzerland, and the handle was changed to hard rubber. It was not until 195 1 that stainless steel was used, and with the rope hole, the inner arc edge of the screwdriver was stripped. In 1954, the handle material was changed to bakelite. In 1957, the soldiers' knives produced by Wenger used modified celluloid, while Elsena (.
The weapon knife after 6 1 year is completely different from the previous version, and the improvement can be said to be revolutionary. First of all, the shape of the knife was changed to the long oval we are familiar with now, the material of the handle was changed to red aluminum alloy, a beer bottle screwdriver was added to the screwdriver, and the can opener was redesigned. The tip of the knife was added with a small screwdriver, which was basically the same as the current version, and the position was changed with the screwdriver of the beer screwdriver. This is a revolutionary design, so that the awl and screwdriver can be opened and used at the same time when disassembling the gun. After the 65th edition, the soldier's knife was changed from red to silver, while the 77th edition added the familiar Swiss cross badge. Since then, Swiss soldiers' knives have not been greatly improved.
Let's take a look at the 54-year-old Swiss soldier arbor, made by Vickers, stainless steel functional parts, stainless steel pillow, bakelite handle and nickel-silver lining, which has reinforced the rope hole.
There are not many opportunities for Swiss soldiers to really fight with Swiss soldiers in history, and as a soldier's individual equipment, soldiers' knives need to be tested by war just like other equipment.
1 In the war, the knife in the picture below was brought into the battlefield. Yes, it's very difficult. It is hard for the Swiss who no longer need to fight to forget that accuracy equals life, but the reliable, practical, logical and economical Germans are not like this. So there is this stupid, black and thick German version of the weapon.
But at the end of the war, its later version was quite different from it. The portability of a portable tool with a 5-inch handle is worth considering. In fact, its length was reduced to 4 inches in the later period. The black hard rubber handle was often melted in the war, so it was also removed. How many functions like cork cones can be used in the battlefield? Instead of waiting for it to be used for other purposes, it is better to simply simplify it.
To what extent is it finally streamlined? I don't know why. Anyway, there was some at the beginning of World War II. Later, in the post-war 1960s, it was simply simplified, deleted and replaced by Swiss ones.
Need to determine the function
/kloc-in the second half of the 0/9th century, the trend of luxury goods in Europe can be said to have reached its peak. During this period, such as a silver-edged Fritillaria handle folding knife, a tortoise-shell handle razor, etc., it is enough to make our extremely rich modern people stunned, as is the multi-functional folding knife.
The following folding knives with ivory handles are used by glass workers. The shape of glass cutter is not much different from what it is now. The putty knife has two notches for trimming, and the meaningless concave edge is used to cut the rope that binds the glass. When each blade is opened, it is opened to the end, unlike modern multifunctional folding knives, which have a 90-degree angle with the blade to ensure the safety of closing the blade, because this century was not invented by Keith of the United States until the middle of last century.
The curve of the hilt tells us that it was made in the Victorian era, with a shield card on one side, which is used to distinguish it from a long famous post, because its owner is a craftsman, but he is rich. Because at that time, not only did churches have colored mosaic windows, but many nobles used this once sacred religious decoration in their palaces. Therefore, due to the difficulty of processing, artistic requirements and the identity of customers, the glass workers at that time were relatively rich and could afford Schaefer's seiko high-end working tools.
After all, the product of an era belongs to the era in which it exists, and the surface processed by Swiss watch milling machine with accuracy enough to challenge the CNC milling center is soft and smooth, which makes people understand why the British are so arrogant and force the Germans who are famous for their rigor to put German manufacturing on the knife to show their low-grade quality. However, daily use is the opposite of luxury. When that era passes away, its products will not only become collectibles appreciated by future generations, but also its excellent use functions will disappear.
Germany/kloc-multifunctional folding knife in the middle of 0/8th century
The role of fire in human history can be said to be immeasurable, just as it is used as a knife today. For a long time, the tools for obtaining fire all over the world were the same, flint, carbon steel with hardness over 62. So a busybody combined the two, together with a pen knife, a cork cone and an awl, formed the earliest multifunctional folding knife in Germany, which is also the best preserved in the literature.
Brass pillow, steel rivet, steel lining and ox bone paste represent the typical style at that time.
Since it is a multifunctional knife, not a pliers or something, the main knife is naturally essential. In my opinion, the shape of the main knife should be stable after being competent for all kinds of work. In other words, it may not be particularly suitable for a job, but it can be done. No matter what it has been cut, after polishing and trimming, it should not change much compared with the shape of the blade when it leaves the factory. The tip of the knife is sharp enough, but it is not easy to break when piercing ordinary cutting objects. Leave a margin on the ventral leaf and a margin on the root of the leaf. The design style and cultural background may be different, but from a practical point of view, no matter when the purpose is the same, the shape will not change much.
A practical multifunctional folding knife is not used to show all kinds of knives made by the knife maker in the window, but is also thrown in the bag for emergencies. Its function must be the most basic and commonly used. Then let's take a look at what an ordinary German was doing every day 250 years ago, cutting meat, ham, bread and butter. These tasks determine that the main knife does not need to be too long and too thick. The quill pen needs to be re-cut or re-made for a period of time, so he needs a flat-edged knife that can be cut directly on the small board, and the nib must be sharp to open the ink guide groove of the nib. It would be better to make a round hole at the bottom of the ink guide groove. First, it can prevent the ink guide groove from cracking. He also needs an awl. At the same time, it was also used when cleaning the machinery used at that time, such as guns and boots. Just because French wine is good doesn't mean German grapes are bad. Germans are not farmers who use beer for dinner. The famous wine avenue is not as good as the top producing area. Although he may be very dissatisfied with his cork cone and one end of the handle doesn't work well, I'm afraid there is no other way but to endure it. It will be 100 years before it will be invented by the French who are more obsessed with wine than him. The back of the knife is used to strike a light. Germans, it is not a problem to heat treat steel, steel and iron.
Now, turn around and look at the standard equipment in the theme post held by a child who worked as a soldier in a Swiss neighbor's house 200 years later, and then look at the 02 edition of Soldier's Knife in my hand to see how much our daily life has changed in these 250 years. I believe I can understand why I am infatuated with these old guys who are not rusted by powder steel. Ha ha.
Because the high-hardness carbon steel on the back of the handle has not been tempered to meet the function of striking fire, it may be damaged if it falls on the hard ground, and fire is a necessity in daily life, which will be seriously worn or annealed after a long time. Therefore, there are not many multifunctional lighter knives that have spread to the present. A collector who collects 6,000 can only have 35. Time flies, taking away many cultures and classics, but occasionally leaving some traces. I don't know if aliens have been here or left anything behind, but I am very satisfied with what the earth people left behind.
For the cone of bottle opener on multifunctional folding knife, in the early days, the die was punched with acute triangular steel sheet, then heated to red and transparent, and the acute end was freely forged into thin strips, then drawn into silk, then burned red, and wound on thick iron wire or big nails.
According to the experience of the above collectors and drinkers for many years, the bottle opener made by this method is not smooth when screwed. When painting, you must pull it out instantly. If the force is slow, it may be pulled out and hit twice, and we will have silk.
From the examples I saw, the wooden screw bottle opener mentioned by Brother blade master appeared after age of steam. The cone was burned to a red heat and then rolled with a roller. Not only the strength is greatly improved, but also the spiral section of its acute triangle is easier to invade cork. Because of the large contact area, it is brought into full play during drawing.
Its predecessor is indeed a wooden screw, but the wooden screw is the product of cold working by a rolling machine. The thread is shallow and it is not easy to exert force, so the substitute in the following photo appeared after the mechanical equipment matured.
The origin of Swiss army knife
The Origin of Swiss Army Knife: Karl-the Founder of Swiss Army Knife
Carl elson, the fourth son of the shoemaker Baltehasha-elson-Ott, is determined to become a tool worker. So, after studying in southern Germany and Paris on 1884, he returned to Yixi, a town on the Tobao River, and opened a tool workshop. Many young farmers were forced to make a living in the United States, Australia and New Zealand because there was no industry in Schwartz in central Switzerland at that time. In order to create new employment opportunities, Karl elson initiated and founded the Swiss Army Knife Industry Mutual Aid Association in 189 1. The main purpose is to make the Swiss army have to buy soldiers' knives from solingen in China. After the initial test was successful, the Association manufactured wholesale sabers for the Swiss army in 189 1 and 1. Then, because of its relatively heavy weight, Karl-El released a portable and more exquisite knife, which not only has the functions of main knife, drill cone, can opener and soldier knife screwdriver, but also added two small scrapers and a bottle opener. This six-fold knife with only two springs was named "official knife" and was patented in June 1897. Within a short period of time after the birth of the Swiss Army Knife, it caused a great sensation, and foreign home buyers came in an endless stream. Since then, Swiss Army Knife has started a successful course of continuous exploration and innovation for more than 100 years.
The Birth of "Swiss Champion"
Facing more and more orders, the functions of Swiss Army Knife are constantly improving. Soon, tools such as wood saw, scissors, nail file, toothpick, clapper, metal saw with metal file, cross screwdriver, key, magnifying glass and so on were added to the knife, so that the Swiss army knife now has more than 100 functions. Among all kinds of sabers, the "flagship" is the "Swiss champion" with 3 1 function. Its production process has more than 450 channels, consisting of 64 independent parts. The total weight of all kinds of tools and tool boxes of this knife does not exceed 95 grams (6.5 ounces), so it is easy to carry. Both the Museum of Modern Art in Munich and the German Museum of Applied Art regard Victorinox's "Swiss Champion" as a collection of industrial design masterpieces.
The victory is a memorial to her mother.
1909, after Karl elson's mother died, he took his Christian name Victory as her trademark. 192 1 year, stainless steel was invented, so stainless steel was made in Ibach, and the word Inox was combined with Victory to form the trademark of Victorinox, which has been used ever since.
At present, with more than 950 employees, Victorinox is the largest industrial enterprise in Schwiertz and the largest tool manufacturer in Europe. 1945- 1949, Victorinox pocket knives were sold in large quantities to the specialty stores of the American army, navy and air force, making the Swiss army knife famous all over the world. For American officers and soldiers, the name "Offiziermesser" is too difficult and taboo, so they call it "Swiss Army Knife" for short. Now this name has reached a consensus in English-speaking countries and regions.
World-recognized quality trump card
Swiss diplomats and senior military officials often present Swiss army knives to countries and officials they visit. In addition, Swiss army knives are particularly attractive to pilots. 1960, after Francis Gray Powers, the pilot of the U.S. UZ reconnaissance plane, successfully landed over Russia, the Russians made public all his belongings, including the famous red Swiss army knife. The Nigerian Air Force has ordered a large number of Swiss army knives with curved blades, which can cut the ropes that bind parachutes and escape at low tide. (Because the Germans also bought this Swiss army knife from Ibach on 1976, the olive green scabbard is printed with the word "ten" of Switzerland); NASA also listed the Swiss Army Knife as standard equipment for the space shuttle Columbia. Therefore, "Swiss Army Knife" is often copied in Germany, France, Spain, the United States, Japan, China and other foreign countries, but the quality is not as good as the original. Unfortunately, however, many foreign replicas are printed with Swiss crosses. Although this situation was tried to stop through the mediation of the Swiss ambassador and the order of the court, criminals still crossed the saber to confuse the true and false. At present, only two Swiss manufacturers, Victorinox and Wenger, are officially authorized to use crosses on knives.
Honorable quality lifelong companion
The quality of Swiss army knives can be described in three words, namely "sharp, firm and durable". /kloc-for more than 0/00 years, Swiss army knife manufacturers have been pursuing perfect products, from material selection (special high-quality stainless steel) to every process, from shape design to overall combination, from traditional technology to the application of advanced technology. All reveal their pursuit of quality. The steel selection of Swiss army knife and its application in each tool or its components have been carefully considered and designed. The sharpness and tenacity of the main knife are well known, and some small tools are equally amazing, such as the durability of the working part (tip) of flat screwdriver and cross screwdriver, which shows the excellent material. In order to make each Swiss army knife last for a lifetime, businessmen not only kept some manual techniques, but also applied a large number of advanced micro-technology processing technologies in the world.
In a sense, the Swiss army knife is no longer a knife, but a multifunctional practical tool based on the knife, which has existed since the birth of the Swiss army knife. From the six tools in the prototype of 1897 Swiss army knife to more than 30 functions in today's knife, some models also combine other practical tools outside the knife, which undoubtedly becomes another major feature of the Swiss army knife. It can be said that excellent quality and exquisite multifunctional combination are the two main factors that constitute the Swiss army knife. Nowadays, due to the diversity and constant change of material life, people want the versatility of goods while pursuing diversification. Swiss army knife just caters to this demand, endowing a gadget with a lot of practical tools and solving various problems in people's daily work and life.
Several common Swiss army knives:
Climber is the most popular Swiss army knife in China. Tools are the most commonly used, and it is very convenient to equip daily home life with a low-intensity travel activity.
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Specification: 14 function, length 9. 1 cm, width 2.6 cm, thickness 1.8 cm. It weighs 85 grams.
"Swiss Champion" is the most versatile and widely used car. It is most suitable for outdoor travel, vacation, camping and other occasions. Because of its comprehensive functions and exquisite design, you seem to have a real universal toolbox, with one knife in your hand, and it is an ideal device to combine various applications like magic when needed. It is also a typical representative of the Swiss army knife.
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Specification: 32 functions, length 9. 1 cm, width 2.6 cm, thickness 1.8 cm and weight 185 g.
"Bard" is a man's close companion, with moderate size and complete functions, which makes people fondle it.
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Specification: 10 function, length 5.8cm, width 1 .7cm, thickness1cm, and weight 32g.
"Models" are ladies' favorites. Nail file, scissors and dexterous tweezers can easily repair nails and eyebrows wherever they go.
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Specification: 7 functions, length 5.8 cm, width 1.7 cm, thickness 0.9 cm and weight 25 g.
A long history of cultural heritage
In the industrial history of the world, few commodities can last for a hundred years, and most of them have been eliminated by the wave of industrial development. Swiss army knife is no exception. From its birth to the present, it has maintained its original basic form, only changing the richness of materials, processes and functions. With its durability and wide use, a systematic culture has been formed around the Swiss army knife, that is, the Swiss concept is based on high quality, universality and inheritance. The high quality of Swiss army knife is just like our Moutai. Without high-quality quality management and persistence, it is impossible to form and maintain its historical position. Universality is another cultural phenomenon and feature of Swiss army knife. Because of its wide adaptability, we can use it to solve many practical problems regardless of national boundaries, race, gender, age and occupation. In addition, its universality is also reflected in its widespread popularity. In western countries, Swiss army knives are almost a well-known commodity for women and children. Thirdly, on the basis of high quality, Swiss army knife can be used for a long time and passed down from generation to generation, which makes it more different from other commodities and precipitates its own cultural connotation. It is common for a Swiss army knife to be circulated for decades and hundreds of years.
In a word, Swiss army knife culture is a high-level cultural phenomenon that has already exceeded its essential attributes.