According to Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Yu's recommendation can be compared with Bao Shu; Festivals are comparable to Lin Xiangru; No one can match the courtesy and righteousness. Generosity. At the beginning of Sun Ce's death, Sun Quan "took power as the general, treated guests with courtesy, respected them first, so he set up a festival. Sex is magnificent and human, but it is not harmonious with Cheng Pu. " When the generals held a simple ceremony, Zhou Yu was very respectful compared with the young Sun Quan, so he made a sexual comment, which was just inconsistent with Cheng Pu. However, he made concessions and finally moved Cheng Pu. According to historical records, "Pu is quite old, but several ancient tombs do not pose a threat. I am generous and never associate with school. After Pu, he paid attention to himself and said to people, "Make friends with him and drink, and you won't get drunk. "When the people serve the people humbly."
When interacting with people, such as drinking, allusions come from the relationship between Cheng Pu and Zhou Yu. Chen Shou's "misfortune, Zhou Lang's concern" became a common allusion in later literary works. Chen Shou recorded in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Wu Shu Zhou Yuchuan that Yu Shao was very interested in music. Although after the Three Horsemen, there were still some mistakes. I have to know. If I know, I have to deal with it. So, people say, "This song is wrong, and Zhou Lang cares."
Such a man who combines rigidity and softness has impeccable excellent quality and amazing civil and military talents. Besides, God especially prefers to give him a handsome appearance, both inside and outside, very beautiful and personable. Zhou Yu is perfect, just like his name, just like Jin and Yu. However, in later generations, Zhou Yu's image began to change constantly, and even eventually changed beyond recognition. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhou Yu was unlucky. This feudal dynasty, which only owned half of the country, began to make a fuss about orthodoxy in order to maintain its dominant position. They wisely chose Shu Han, who was also a separatist, as the orthodoxy, and began to regard Zhou Yu as a "villain". Among them, the most representative is the Spring and Autumn Annals in the Han and Jin Dynasties.
In the following hundreds of years, the dispute between Shu and Wei became more and more fierce. In the Tang Dynasty, the dispute of orthodoxy began to appear in Tang poetry. First of all, Du Fu highly praised Zhuge Liang in Shu Han and expressed deep sympathy for this famous figure who was concerned about the country and the people. There is also Du Mu, who openly mocked Zhou Yu in his poems, and history began to deviate from literature. "In the absence of the east wind, there are two tricks in the late spring." In the Song Dynasty, the history of the rule of man in the Song Dynasty was quite prosperous, often as a historical contest of ideological and political views. The factional struggle between literati and politicians is even more shocking, and the orthodox struggle of the Three Kingdoms is also one of the struggles, involving many people in the Song literary world. In the end, Neo-Confucianism gained the upper hand in history, and it was a foregone conclusion that Shu invaded Wei and Cao was demoted. After Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, historians inherited Zhu's "Forbidden Army" theory. There are ups and downs in the praise and criticism of good and evil figures. The most embarrassing thing is Wu Dong. In order to respect Liu, it is natural to demote Cao as a grandson. As Sun Quan Group, Zhou Yu's image is inevitably suppressed.
However, under the power of folk discourse, Zhou Yu's fate is even worse behind him. Shortly after the end of the Three Kingdoms period, the story of the Three Kingdoms spread among the people. By the Song Dynasty, Zhou Yu's image had been completely distorted. At present, the oldest information that can be found is a brief description of three points, which appeared in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. In this drama, which caters to the entertainment needs of citizens, Zhou Yu's image plummeted: politically short-sighted, ignoring national security for his own interests; In the army, he seems to be quite talented, but it seems that anyone can be defeated; He is overjoyed in personality cultivation and narrow-minded. In historical literature, an open and outstanding figure.
The idea of "respecting Liu but not Cao" has a long history. In Su Shi's prose Dongpo Zhi Lin, there is such a description of the characters of the Three Kingdoms. "When you talk about these three countries, when you hear that Liu Xuande has been defeated, you often feel eyebrows rising and people crying; As soon as I heard that Cao Cao was defeated, I liked fast songs. " The evaluation of folk figures has its own foothold and starting point. They "respect Liu" and support "Emperor Shun", but Zhou Yu, who stands on the opposite side, naturally won't like it. Since then, the appearance of Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms has completely nailed Zhou Yu's image to the contradictory standard of Romance. On the one hand, it affirmed Zhou Yu's determination to make friends with Sun Ce, explore Jiangdong and establish hegemony; Recommend Lu Su, accept Gan Ning and give up talents; Finally, the fire broke the enemy and made immortal contributions.
On the other hand, Zhou Yu met the core figure of Liu Bei Group and had to retire. For those central figures, Zhou is just a foil. In Yu He Sheng Liang's exclamation, all this seems to be on top of the world. Distort and belittle Zhou Yu's image. This paper compares the similarities and differences between the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the official history. The official influence of history is far less than the eternal bestseller and literary work Romance with hundreds of millions of readers. After the Ming Dynasty, people's understanding of Zhou Yu mainly came from the year of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and Zhou Yu's exclamation of "Yu Yu He Shengliang" echoed in folk discourse for hundreds of years. Liu Jixing believes that if Zhou Yu really knows something underground, it is estimated that he will sigh in the sky: "If it is Yu Sheng, why is it the Romance of the Three Kingdoms?"