Charles Montesquieu (1689 ~1755) was born in a family of noble judges. He studied in many universities in Apollo in his early years and became a lawyer after graduation. 17 14 was elected as the city senator, and later inherited the legacy and official position of the guardian uncle and served as the president of the provincial high court. 17 16 was elected as an academician of bordeaux academy of sciences. He has practical work experience and theoretical accomplishment, and is determined to make achievements in scientific research. 172 1 year, he published letters from Persians, which attacked French society from all angles and reflected the thoughts and feelings of the new French bourgeoisie, making Louis XV refuse to approve him as an academician of the French Academy of Sciences. 1734 The Reasons for the Rise and Fall of Rome was published, in which he expounded his social theory for the first time and discussed the reasons for historical development. 1748 published The Spirit of Law, which comprehensively and systematically expounded his theories of sociology, law and history and became an epoch-making work. Because the method in his book is based on empirical facts and draws some conclusions through induction, people call him the real beginning of modern experimental sociology and one of the founders of bourgeois legal theory.

His legal theory is based on natural law. He said: "In the broadest sense, law is an inevitable relationship arising from the nature of things. In this sense, all living beings have their own laws. "