Illustrators will choose pastels, watercolors, plastic colors, markers, pens and other painting materials according to their personal preferences or needs.
In the manuscripts decorated with clay gold in the Middle Ages, illustrators undertook a lot of book binding work.
The luminous manuscript decorated with clay gold is a kind of manuscript, and its content is usually about religion. The text is full of exquisite decorations, such as decorative initials and borders.
Clay decorative graphics usually come from medieval heraldry or religious symbols.
Development history
[Editor] Byzantium
The Byzantine Empire invented parchment, and mosaics and portraits were widely used in Byzantine architecture.
[Editor] Ireland and England
The book of kells, which is an exaggerated depiction of the letter "XP". At the end of the 5th century, under the influence of Rome, the British Isles became more and more Christian.
From the 6th century to the 7th century, decorative illustrations developed in Ireland and England.
Their paintings have the national characteristics of Celtic and Anglo-Saxon, and their compositions are peculiar.
In the 7th century, Irish monks turned Lindisfarne into the religious and cultural center of the whole British Isles.
The Book of kells and the Book of kells were drawn by monks on Ai Ou Island in western Scotland about 800 years ago.
This book consists of four gospels, with illustrations at the beginning of each article, totaling 2000 articles.
[Editor] Carolyn Dynasty and Otto Dynasty
The manuscript of Carolyn Dynasty, The Gospel of Ada, was brought to the European continent by British scholars invited by Charlemagne, and developed a more elegant European style.
Previously, scribes were free to choose fonts, including Onciale, Semi-Onciale, Capital and trust.
In Charlemagne period, in order to ensure the accuracy of the manuscript, it was unified as "Caroline lowercase font" [1].
In 789, King Charlemagne issued an order to unify the layout standards, font standards and binding standards of books throughout Europe [2].
The famous manuscripts of this period are: Gospel of Godescalc (781–783), Gospel of Lorsch (778–820), Gospel of Ada, Gospel of Soisson and Gospel of Coronation.
There are 9,000 existing Caroline dynasty manuscripts, which shows a large number.
[Editor] Gothic Style Period
Caroline's lowercase font was replaced by Gothic font.
There are 27 illustrations in the Biography of Saint-Denis, which depict the slim Gothic architecture popular at that time, secular life and church life.
The most famous Gothic illustration of The Book of Seasons by Limbaugh Brothers of Duke Barry's rich day school in September is The Book of Time by Dutch court painters Paul, Herman and Jean, which is a prayer book arranged according to the calendar.
A prayer book carefully bound for the rich appeared: Gothic fonts run through it; Leaf vortex decorative frame; Chapters begin with capital letters and are decorated with small decorations; Use a lot of beautiful colored paintings and so on.
Picture frames have been widely used. One is an antenna-like plant pattern, which extends from the first letter and finally surrounds the whole text. The other is the vine pattern type.
[Editor] Renaissance
/kloc-In the 5th century, the mosaic of humanistic style appeared in Italy, with special emphasis on ancient figures and flowers, birds and leaves of naked little love god.
Editing skills
Clay sculpture technology is a complex and expensive process, so it is usually used for books with special purposes, such as the Bible placed on the altar.
Rich people generally have valuable clay scriptures, so that they can pray many times on Sunday.
In the process of making clay manuscripts, the characters are usually copied first.
Parchment paper is cut to a certain size, and the whole page is planned and designed (initials, borders, etc. ), fix the page with a sharp stick, and the scribe begins to copy with a quill pen or a reed pen dipped in ink.
After copying the text, the illustrator began to work.
These complex designs need to be planned in advance, perhaps by using wax board sketches lined with heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant metal plates.
Then draw a shadow on the leather paper (perhaps using pinholes or other means to assist, as in the gospel of Lindisfarne).
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In the13rd century, France often used chalk preparation to make the gold foil appear slightly convex when it was stuck on the painting.
[Editor] Artistic features
Manuscripts decorated with clay gold usually have the following characteristics.
Gorgeous cover decoration, and some will be inlaid with gems.
Inside pages sometimes have a border style, and the first letter of each page is a specially decorated capital letter.
There are often color illustrations, most of which tell religious stories, such as biographies of saints, and more particularly, there are pictures of manuscripts.
Many colors are used, and they are all natural pigments.
The style of the manuscript is closely related to the local style and taste.
In the early dark ages, the strong Roman script gradually gave way to Ansel script, semi-Ansel script and other cursive scripts, especially in the British Isles, which developed their own island uppercase and island lowercase scripts.
/kloc-the solid and textured Gothic body also appeared for the first time in the 0/3rd century, which was especially popular in the late Middle Ages.
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/kloc-manuscripts decorated with clay gold in the 0/3rd century
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The book of kells, which is an extremely exaggerated depiction of the letter "XP"
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Limbaugh Brothers "The Book of Seasons: A Rich Day of the Duke of Barry Classic September"
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The Gospel of Ada, the manuscript of Caroline Dynasty.