1. With the growth of capitalist factors, emerging bourgeoisie and landlords have emerged in rural areas. They were called "farmers and businessmen" and later became the social foundation of the Reform Movement.

At the same time, with the development of capitalist relations, the internal division of the samurai class is also intensifying, and the social and economic status and world outlook of some lower-class warriors are gradually transformed into the bourgeoisie and become the political spokesmen of the immature bourgeoisie. Later, it was not the bourgeoisie that successfully led the reform movement, but the young soldiers of these bourgeoisie.

2. As far as the international environment is concerned, the Meiji Restoration broke out under the serious threat of Japan becoming a semi-colony. The decadent autocratic rule of the shogunate, the imminent national crisis, and the tragic fate of China after the Opium War.

Some people of insight in Japan realized that in order to save the national crisis, attack and expel foreign forces, and implement the policy of founding the country, we must reform the wooden model system and overthrow the Tokugawa era.

Extended data

1, positive impact:

(1) has realized the replacement of social forms, made Japanese society transition from backward feudal historical development stage to capitalist stage, and made Japan develop into an advanced capitalist country in just over half a century.

(2) It has created conditions for Japan to get rid of the crisis of becoming a semi-colony, making Japan the only country in Asia that can continue to maintain its national independence. Therefore, the Meiji Restoration basically completed the task of democracy and national revolution and reversed the historical destiny of the Japanese nation.

(3) In addition, it provides beneficial enlightenment for people in Asian countries who are determined to reform and get rid of the national crisis.

2. Negative effects:

(1) There are still a large number of feudal remnants in politics, economy and ideology, such as emperor system and semi-feudal landlord land ownership.

(2) While Japan successfully got rid of the crisis of becoming a semi-colony, with the growth of its economic and military strength, it quickly embarked on the road of aggression and oppression of other nations and occupied a place in the banquet of imperialist countries to re-carve up the world. This not only brought disaster to the people of the invaded country, but also brought disaster to the Japanese people.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Meiji Restoration