The Yuan Dynasty (127 1 year-1368) was a unified empire established by Mongols in the history of China, with its capital in modern Beijing.
1260, Kublai Khan, established the "great unity" of the Yuan Dynasty. 127 1 year, Kublai Khan changed the name of the country to "Dayuan" in the Book of Changes, and successively eliminated the Jin Dynasty, Xixia, Dali and other regimes. 1276 Lin 'an was captured and the Southern Song Dynasty fell. 1279, the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty were eliminated after the Yashan Sea War, and China was completely unified, ending the separatist situation since the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
The Yuan Dynasty implemented the provincial system, set up provincial secretariat in the central government, controlled the prime minister, and managed government affairs safely. The provincial system is implemented locally, which is the first in China. The commodity economy and overseas trade flourished, and the overall productivity was not as good as that of the Song Dynasty. During this period, cultural forms such as Yuanqu and Sanqu appeared. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, it continued to expand to the outside world, but it was defeated repeatedly when it went to sea to conquer Japan and Southeast Asian countries, including the fiasco in the Yuan-Japan War. In the middle of Yuan Dynasty, the throne changed frequently, politics never got on the right track, and the economy developed, but it failed to return to the level of Song Dynasty. In the later period, the rule was corrupt, the civil strife of the prime minister was frequent, and the ethnic contradictions deepened, which led to a large-scale peasant uprising.
1368, Zhu Yuanzhang led the peasant army to capture Nanjing, then the Northern Expedition occupied Dadu, and the Yuan Dynasty perished. Since then, the Yuan regime has retreated to Mobei, known as the "Northern Yuan" in history. 1402, Chen Yuangui and Li Chi usurped power, established "Tatar", and the Northern Yuan Dynasty perished.