Mary Ann-Tonet (1755~ 1793), a former princess of the Austrian Empire, was born in Vienna. She is the 15th child of the Holy Roman Emperor Francois I and the Austrian Queen Mother Maria Teresa (the youngest daughter, and she has a younger brother). 1755165438+10 was born in the Hofburg Palace in Vienna on February 2nd. She was named Maria antonia johanna. Maria commemorates the Virgin Mary, Antoinette commemorates Saint Anthony of Padua, Josephine commemorates her brother Archduke Joseph, and johanna commemorates the missionary Saint John. A minister described the newborn as "a petite but completely healthy archduchess."

1766, due to political needs, the French royal family formally proposed to Princess Marie Antoinette, who was 1 1. The Austrian court readily agreed. But for various reasons, the wedding was postponed for several years. It was not until 1770, when Marie Antoinette was almost 15 years old, that she finally set foot on the land of France and became the Crown Prince of France and the Crown Prince and Princess of Louis August de Bourbon (later Louis XVI). 1774, Louis XV died and Louis XVI acceded to the throne. Marie Antoinette became the queen of France and the mother of French musical instruments. But unfortunately, she doesn't have the sense of responsibility and mission that a queen should have. Marie Antoinette has made no achievements in politics since he entered the French court. Every day, I just love dances, fashions, fun and celebrations, decorate the garden, live a luxurious life, and have the name of "deficit lady". After the French Revolution began, she unexpectedly showed the pride and dignity of a queen, more opinionated than Louis XVI. 1789 On July 4th, when people attacked the Bastille, Marie Antoinette persuaded Louis XVI to take refuge in Metz. She supported the king, refused the request of the National Assembly to abolish the feudal system and restrict the royal power, and became the target of public criticism. However, no matter at that time or later generations, there are still many people on the Queen's side, such as Hugo of France and Stefan Zweig of Austria, who all sympathize with the Queen. Of course, there are many other little-known royalists. 1789 June, under the supervision of the revolutionary masses, moved back to Paris with Louis XVI from Versailles. She went undercover and asked a group of exiled nobles for help. They didn't help, and they even hit people when they were down. Everyone wants to exchange the king's head for ransom. These nobles included the king's younger brother, the Earl of Provence (now Louis Stanislas Xavier), and his younger brother, the Earl of artois (now Charles X). The king and his wife suffered from helplessness and were forced to plan their own escape again and again. 179 1 In June, he fled secretly with the king, and was found in the border city of Wallen. 1792, France declared war on Austria. She continued to collude with Austria and provided the battle plan to foreign intervention forces in an attempt to suppress the revolution with external forces. At this time, the Austrian queen Maria Teresa (Marie Antoinette's mother) and the emperor Joseph II (Marie Antoinette's younger brother) died one after another, and the Austrian kingship was in the hands of Marie Antoinette's nephew Flantz Joseph. The exposure of the crime of treason angered the French people, which led to the 1792 Paris people's uprising in August and completely overthrew the monarchy. Later, she was imprisoned in Temple Castle with the king. The following year, in June 5438+10, he was handed over to the revolutionary court for trial, sentenced to death and sent to the guillotine. At the age of 38. After her death, her body was buried in a mass grave. It was not until 22 years later that the Earl of Provence was restored as Louis Stanislas Xavier, and her bones were dug up again and buried properly.

Queen of France:

Maria Antoinette

1755—— 1792

Queen of France (1778- 1792). Her name has also been translated as "Marie Antoinette" or "Marie Antoinette".

Maria Antoinette was born in Hofburg Palace, Austria on 1755. She is the youngest daughter of Austrian Grand Duchess maria theresia and Franz I, and her mother's most expensive political bet.

childhood

Maria's childhood is happy, which is in sharp contrast with her unfortunate "old age" life. She wants the wind to get the wind and the rain to get the rain. When she was born, the French ambassador described her as "a small but completely healthy imperial daughter". Maria was very cute when she was a child. She only wants to speak German, but she is resistant to French. But as Bismarck said when describing her sister, "She can speak French or German at will".

Queen Josephine

Napoleon1August, 769 15 was born in Corsica, France. At the age of 9, he entered the Wang family military school in Lynn. 1796 At the beginning of the year, the young Napoleon was quite famous in Paris because he participated in the rebellion to crush the royalists. At this moment, a woman proposed to him. Her name is Josephine.

Josephine was six years older than Napoleon, when she was a widow with two children. Once she heard a friend talk about Napoleon's deeds, admired him very much and wanted to know this promising young officer. But it was not easy for him to go by himself, and it was not appropriate to find someone else to introduce him, so she came up with an idea.

Josephine 12-year-old son followed his mother's orders and came to Napoleon's residence. The little guy asked Napoleon to return his father's sword, and his father was a Republican general executed by robespierre during the terrorist period. Napoleon agreed to the child's request, and the child took the sword with tears in his eyes and kissed the sacred object. The next day, Josephine came to thank him and poured out her love. His beauty and frankness deeply touched him. Napoleon thought that marrying the young widow had a great bearing on his happiness. This will be a strong support for him to realize his ambition. They got married only three months after they met each other. Two days after the wedding, Napoleon returned to the front line of Italy. The French army, with poor command, training and weapons, defeated the powerful Austrian army and made him famous in Europe.

Josephine was gentle, pure and kind, and was deeply loved by Napoleon. He wrote in one of her letters: I received your letter, in which you seemed to blame me for speaking ill of women. The problem is that what I hate most is female schemers. I am used to kind, gentle and gentle women, and I like them. If they indulge me, it's not my fault, it's your fault. But you will see that I am tolerant of a reasonable and respected woman. When I showed her the letter that her husband betrayed me, she began to cry and shouted, "This is indeed his handwriting!" " "That's enough. It touched my heart. I said, "well, madam, throw the letter into the fire. I have no evidence against your husband." She burned the letter and turned grief into joy. Now her husband is saved. If he is two hours late, he will be put to death. So, you see, I like feminine, pure and kind women, because only they are like you.

Josephine and Napoleon's greatest misfortune is that they have no children. Napoleon wanted to dominate Europe and have a son to inherit his legacy. After he was declared emperor by the Senate in 1804, this idea became more obvious. 1809165438+1On October 30th, Napoleon, just over 40 years old, finally proposed to divorce Josephine. When Josephine and Napoleon had lunch as usual that day, Napoleon asked the left and right sides to step down as soon as he finished his coffee. He approached her, took her hand and put it on his chest. He stared for a while and said, "Josephine, my dear Josephine! You know I love you, and you gave me the only happy moment in the world. But, Josephine, my fate is higher than my will; My most precious love must give way to the interests of France. " 1809 12 16, Napoleon and Josephine formally divorced.

1 810 April1day, Napoleon married Marie-Louisa, the grand duchess of Austria. I got my son in March the following year.

Josephine has been living in Marmason's bedroom since the divorce. Napoleon often visited her, but her spirit was always in low spirits. After Josephine died, Napoleon came to her grave and wept bitterly.

18 14 When Napoleon was defeated and exiled to the island of Elba, Mary-Louisa returned to her hometown in Vienna with her son, but she was not allowed to see Napoleon when she left.

18 15 years, Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena after the failure of restoration. 182 1 Napoleon died in St. Helena at the age of 5 1 on May 5, 2008. On his deathbed, Napoleon was still shouting "Josephine!"

Napoleon, who usurped the throne and was hated by people, abandoned her because she was also broken.

The victim of Sharon's arrogant ambition, the Restoration Dynasty and the allied forces finally forgave her. Out of respect, maybe out of curiosity, because two

Europe has experienced a nightmare for fifteen years, and this woman is closely linked to this incredible adventure.

The Russian czar also visited her in Malmeson. Then, the king of Prussia came to visit with his son. on hand

Later, relatives from Prussia, Britain, Russia and Germany came one after another, and the family that had been left out for many years suddenly appeared.

A lively scene. Even Bourbon, who took an oath, is much more generous now. They told her that she could stay.

Continue to occupy Nabal Castle for the rest of your life. In this way, she finally stayed safely in Malmaison Castle. Later, Lu

Yi's younger brother also came to pay tribute to her. These royalists got her when they fled abroad in a panic.

They still remember. Besides, isn't she one of them? Isn't she also with many foreign countries

Have you been imprisoned in the age of terror like those who came back from abroad? She soon got used to this unexpected situation.

Let's go As always, she does not hesitate to entertain people from all walks of life. Among them are emperors, kings, princes and exiles.

The returning aristocrat. Her salon became the most lively place in the upper class at that time. That kind of grand occasion is really unique throughout the ages.

Yes, only the Russian czar comes twice a week. Even in her heyday, she has never suffered such a big difference.

Rong. What's more, King Louis Stanislas Xavier said he wanted to see her. Therefore, she was invited to return to her hometown on May 26th.

Visit him at Tuileries Palace for half a year.

But it didn't work. On the 25th, she suddenly felt a sore throat. She died four days later.

No one thought of telling Napoleon about her death. He learned from the newspaper that he lost his soul when he was young.

Josephine has passed away.

Marie Antoinette (1755-1793), French queen. Born in Vienna. Is the daughter of Mary Teresa (17 17- 1780) and Franz I, and the sister of Leopold II. 1770, he married Louis XVI and strengthened the Franco-Austrian alliance. She had a great influence on Louis XVI. She is willful and frivolous, and she is criticized for not doing as the Romans do. She defended Austria's interests and opposed the revolution. After the French Revolution broke out, some people rejected the proposal of constitutional monarchy, which made the monarchy divorced from the people. In June, 179 1 attempted to escape from Tuileries Palace with Louis XVI and return to Austria, but was arrested in Verona and taken back to Paris for imprisonment. After the king was beheaded, she was tried and guillotined.

childhood

Marie Antoinette is the first15th child of Austrian Empress Maria Teresa and Franz I (the youngest daughter, who also has a younger brother). 1755165438+1October 2nd, she was born in the Hofburg Palace in Vienna. She was named Maria MarieAn-toinette johanna. Maria commemorates the Virgin Mary, MarieAn-toinette commemorates Saint Anthony of Padua, Josephine commemorates her brother Archduke Joseph, and johanna commemorates the missionary St. John. A minister described the newborn as "a small but completely healthy royal daughter."

Marie Antoinette grew up with her older sister Maria Carolina, who is two years older than her, and her older brother Max, who is one year older than her. Her other brothers, Joseph II, Leopold II and Ferdinand Karl, played an important role in the Habsburg Empire.

There is a legend about her childhood: Marie Antoinette met Mozart, a genius who was still a child. He gave a short concert for the royal family. When the Queen asked him what he wanted as a reward, Mozart replied that he wanted to hold hands with the Queen's little daughter at the wedding. )

Marie Antoinette's sisters soon married the royal family in Europe. The eldest daughter Maria Cristina married the Dutch Regent, Maria Amalia married Prince Parma, and Marie Antoinette's favorite sister Maria Carolina married King Ferdinand of Naples.

As a child, she is charming and well-behaved, and Marie Antoinette has little real education. She is capricious and knows almost nothing about art and reading. Her French is poor and she just wants to speak German. But when her sister Johanna Gabriella1762 died of smallpox, Marie Antoinette became the next child involved in her mother's political game.

Austria and France signed a new peace treaty, which made it possible to end the intermittent war that started in 1494. Louis XV was succeeded by his grandson Louis Auguste. According to the plan, he should marry a daughter of Maria Teresa. Due to the death of johanna gabriela, Marie Antoinette was sent to France to marry the Crown Prince.

When Maria Teresa asked the prophet if her daughter would be happy in France, he replied, "There is a cross to ensure this." Marie Antoinette left Vienna on April 1770, when she was 14 years old. The Queen's farewell message to her weeping daughter was: "Farewell, my dearest child. Very kind to the French people, so that they can say that I sent them an angel. "

Maria Luise

Princess of Austria and Queen of France (1810-1814). The daughter of Franz Ii, the last emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, was born in Vienna. 18 10, Franz Ii was forced to marry his daughter to Napoleon I, so Napoleon divorced Queen Josephine (the queen had no children).

As an Austrian princess, Maria has been educated to oppose France and hate Napoleon. 18 10, she was forced to marry the French emperor. It is said that she was in pain. It turned out that her later life was not as bad as she thought. The emperor regarded her as the apple of his eye. 18 13 years, she also gave birth to Napoleon II, the only son of the emperor (Duke of Sista). According to the emperor himself, the queen is a "good wife and mother", naive and simple. "She will say out loud what she wants, but she seldom needs it."

In 18 14, Napoleon abdicated and Maria Luise was taken to Austria. After that, she never saw her husband again. Her son grew up in the Austrian court and was infected with the genetic disease of the Habsburg family. 1832, Duke Lechstadt died young. The picture shows Queen Mary and her son.

Queen of France:

Maria Antoinette

1755—— 1792

Maria Antoinette was born in Hofburg Palace, Austria on 1755. She is the youngest daughter of Austrian Grand Duchess maria theresia and Franz I, and her mother's most expensive political bet.

childhood

Maria's childhood is happy, which is in sharp contrast with her unfortunate "old age" life. She wants the wind to get the wind and the rain to get the rain. When she was born, the French ambassador described her as "a small but completely healthy imperial daughter". Maria was very cute when she was a child. She only wants to speak German, but she is resistant to French. But as Bismarck said when describing her sister, "She can speak French or German at will".

Queen Josephine

Napoleon1August, 769 15 was born in Corsica, France. At the age of 9, he entered the Wang family military school in Lynn. 1796 At the beginning of the year, the young Napoleon was quite famous in Paris because he participated in the rebellion to crush the royalists. At this moment, a woman proposed to him. Her name is Josephine.

Josephine was six years older than Napoleon, when she was a widow with two children. Once she heard a friend talk about Napoleon's deeds, admired him very much and wanted to know this promising young officer. But it was not easy for him to go by himself, and it was not appropriate to find someone else to introduce him, so she came up with an idea.

Josephine 12-year-old son followed his mother's orders and came to Napoleon's residence. The little guy asked Napoleon to return his father's sword, and his father was a Republican general executed by robespierre during the terrorist period. Napoleon agreed to the child's request, and the child took the sword with tears in his eyes and kissed the sacred object. The next day, Josephine came to thank him and poured out her love. His beauty and frankness deeply touched him. Napoleon thought that marrying the young widow had a great bearing on his happiness. This will be a strong support for him to realize his ambition. They got married only three months after they met each other. Two days after the wedding, Napoleon returned to the front line of Italy, and the French army, with poor command, training and weapons, defeated the powerful Austrian army, making him famous all over Europe.

Josephine was gentle, pure and kind, and was deeply loved by Napoleon. He wrote in one of her letters: I received your letter, in which you seemed to blame me for speaking ill of women. The problem is that what I hate most is female schemers. I am used to kind, gentle and gentle women, and I like them. If they indulge me, it's not my fault, it's your fault. But you will see that I am tolerant of a reasonable and respected woman. When I showed her the letter that her husband betrayed me, she began to cry and shouted, "This is indeed his handwriting!" " "That's enough. It touched my heart. I said, "well, madam, throw the letter into the fire. I have no evidence against your husband." She burned the letter and turned grief into joy. Now her husband is saved. If he is two hours late, he will be put to death. So, you see, I like feminine, pure and kind women, because only they are like you.

Josephine and Napoleon's greatest misfortune is that they have no children. Napoleon wanted to dominate Europe and have a son to inherit his legacy. After he was declared emperor by the Senate in 1804, this idea became more obvious. 1809165438+1On October 30th, Napoleon, just over 40 years old, finally proposed to divorce Josephine. When Josephine and Napoleon had lunch as usual that day, Napoleon asked the left and right sides to step down as soon as he finished his coffee. He approached her, took her hand and put it on his chest. He stared for a while and said, "Josephine, my dear Josephine! You know I love you, and you gave me the only happy moment in the world. But, Josephine, my fate is higher than my will; My most precious love must give way to the interests of France. " 1809 12 16, Napoleon and Josephine formally divorced.

1 810 April1day, Napoleon married Marie-Louisa, the grand duchess of Austria. I got my son in March the following year.

Josephine has been living in Marmason's bedroom since the divorce. Napoleon often visited her, but her spirit was always in low spirits. After Josephine died, Napoleon came to her grave and wept bitterly.

18 14 When Napoleon was defeated and exiled to the island of Elba, Mary-Louisa returned to her hometown in Vienna with her son, but she was not allowed to see Napoleon when she left.

18 15 years, Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena after the failure of restoration. 182 1 Napoleon died in St. Helena at the age of 5 1 on May 5, 2008. On his deathbed, Napoleon was still shouting "Josephine!"

Napoleon, who usurped the throne and was hated by people, abandoned her because she was also broken.

The victim of Sharon's arrogant ambition, the Restoration Dynasty and the allied forces finally forgave her. Out of respect, maybe out of curiosity, because two

Europe has experienced a nightmare for fifteen years, and this woman is closely linked to this incredible adventure.

The Russian czar also visited her in Malmeson. Then, the king of Prussia came to visit with his son. on hand

Later, relatives from Prussia, Britain, Russia and Germany came one after another, and the family that had been left out for many years suddenly appeared.

A lively scene. Even Bourbon, who took an oath, is much more generous now. They told her that she could stay.

Continue to occupy Nabal Castle for the rest of your life. In this way, she finally stayed safely in Malmaison Castle. Later, Lu

Yi's younger brother also came to pay tribute to her. These royalists got her when they fled abroad in a panic.

They still remember. Besides, isn't she one of them? Isn't she also with many foreign countries

Have you been imprisoned in the age of terror like those who came back from abroad? She soon got used to this unexpected situation.

Let's go As always, she does not hesitate to entertain people from all walks of life. Among them are emperors, kings, princes and exiles.

The returning aristocrat. Her salon became the most lively place in the upper class at that time. That kind of grand occasion is really unique throughout the ages.

Yes, only the Russian czar comes twice a week. Even in her heyday, she has never suffered such a big difference.

Rong. What's more, King Louis Stanislas Xavier said he wanted to see her. Therefore, she was invited to return to her hometown on May 26th.

Visit him at Tuileries Palace for half a year.

But it didn't work. On the 25th, she suddenly felt a sore throat. She died four days later.

No one thought of telling Napoleon about her death. He learned from the newspaper that he lost his soul when he was young.

Josephine has passed away.

Marie Antoinette (1755-1793), French queen. Born in Vienna. Is the daughter of Mary Teresa (17 17- 1780) and Franz I, and the sister of Leopold II. 1770, he married Louis XVI and strengthened the Franco-Austrian alliance. She had a great influence on Louis XVI. She is willful and frivolous, and she is criticized for not doing as the Romans do. She defended Austria's interests and opposed the revolution. After the French Revolution broke out, some people rejected the proposal of constitutional monarchy, which made the monarchy divorced from the people. In June, 179 1 attempted to escape from Tuileries Palace with Louis XVI and return to Austria, but was arrested in Verona and taken back to Paris for imprisonment. After the king was beheaded, she was tried and guillotined.

childhood

Marie Antoinette is the first15th child of Austrian Empress Maria Teresa and Franz I (the youngest daughter, who also has a younger brother). 1755165438+1October 2nd, she was born in the Hofburg Palace in Vienna. She was named Maria MarieAn-toinette johanna. Maria commemorates the Virgin Mary, MarieAn-toinette commemorates Saint Anthony of Padua, Josephine commemorates her brother Archduke Joseph, and johanna commemorates the missionary St. John. A minister described the newborn as "a small but completely healthy royal daughter."

Marie Antoinette grew up with her older sister Maria Carolina, who is two years older than her, and her older brother Max, who is one year older than her. Her other brothers, Joseph II, Leopold II and Ferdinand Karl, played an important role in the Habsburg Empire.

There is a legend about her childhood: Marie Antoinette met Mozart, a genius who was still a child. He gave a short concert for the royal family. When the Queen asked him what he wanted as a reward, Mozart replied that he wanted to hold hands with the Queen's little daughter at the wedding. )

Marie Antoinette's sisters soon married the royal family in Europe. The eldest daughter Maria Cristina married the Dutch Regent, Maria Amalia married Prince Parma, and Marie Antoinette's favorite sister Maria Carolina married King Ferdinand of Naples.

As a child, she is charming and well-behaved, and Marie Antoinette has little real education. She is capricious and knows almost nothing about art and reading. Her French is poor and she just wants to speak German. But when her sister Johanna Gabriella1762 died of smallpox, Marie Antoinette became the next child involved in her mother's political game.

Austria and France signed a new peace treaty, which made it possible to end the intermittent war that started in 1494. Louis XV was succeeded by his grandson Louis Auguste. According to the plan, he should marry a daughter of Maria Teresa. Due to the death of johanna gabriela, Marie Antoinette was sent to France to marry the Crown Prince.

When Maria Teresa asked the prophet if her daughter would be happy in France, he replied, "There is a cross to ensure this." Marie Antoinette left Vienna on April 1770, when she was 14 years old. The Queen's farewell message to her weeping daughter was: "Farewell, my dearest child. Very kind to the French people, so that they can say that I sent them an angel. "

Maria Luise

Princess of Austria and Queen of France (1810-1814). The daughter of Franz Ii, the last emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, was born in Vienna. 18 10, Franz Ii was forced to marry his daughter to Napoleon I, so Napoleon divorced Queen Josephine (the queen had no children).

As an Austrian princess, Maria has been educated to oppose France and hate Napoleon. 18 10, she was forced to marry the French emperor. It is said that she was in pain. It turned out that her later life was not as bad as she thought. The emperor regarded her as the apple of his eye. 18 13 years, she also gave birth to Napoleon II, the only son of the emperor (Duke of Sista). According to the emperor himself, the queen is a "good wife and mother", naive and simple. "She will say out loud what she wants, but she seldom needs it."

In 18 14, Napoleon abdicated and Maria Luise was taken to Austria. After that, she never saw her husband again. Her son grew up in the Austrian court and was infected with the genetic disease of the Habsburg family. 1832, Duke Lechstadt died young. The picture shows Queen Mary and her son.