(1) The basic view of materialism is that the origin of the world is matter, matter is primary, and spirit is secondary. The development of materialist philosophy has experienced three historical forms: ancient naive materialism, modern metaphysical materialism, modern dialectical materialism and historical materialism.

(2) The basic view of idealism is that the origin of the world is spirit, spirit is primary and matter is secondary. There are two basic forms of idealism: subjective idealism and objective idealism.