-A brief analysis of the literati's outlook on fate in the Song Dynasty from the image of falling flowers in Song Ci.

Keywords: contingency of fate, literati's personal experience, sense of hardship in home and country.

There are many images in Song Ci. This paper will select the image of "fallen flower", combine the specific works and the background and mentality of the poet when writing, and analyze the special meaning and connotation of the image of "fallen flower" in Song poetry from three aspects: the literati class, the frustrated literati and the poetess, as well as the outlook on fate and the sense of home and country expressed by the literati in Song Dynasty.

Flowers complete the life cycle from blooming to withering in a spring, which indicates the cycle of four seasons and the passage of time. Flowers fall and fall, swaying with the running water. Too many people will feel an uncontrollable sadness when they see such a scene. This is because the rapid withering of flowers is the abbreviation of "the life and death of people, the success or failure of things, the rise and fall of things". Mr. Ye Jiaying also wrote in "Jialing River Poems": "Flowers with withered branches are more embarrassing than safflower blown down by strong winds on the ground. Although the latter makes people deeply regret his untimely death, the former makes people clearly realize the cruel fact that life is from prosperity to decline and from decline to extinction. The latter is an avoidable accident, while the former is the inevitable fate of all living things. " Those who look at the fallen flowers feel that their fate is as accidental and irregular as the erratic fallen flowers. Thus, there is a sad psychology of impermanence of fate. The fallen flower has changed from a simple natural thing to an image with rich artistic connotation.

In fact, it was Fan Zhen in the Southern Dynasties who first put forward the accidental view of human destiny contained in this fallen petal image. "The Biography of Nan Shi Fan Zhen" wrote: "Jingling Wang Liangjing said that Buddhism is good, and Zhensheng said that there is no Buddha. Liang Zi asked: If you don't believe in cause and effect, how can you be rich and poor? Answer: Life is like a tree flower, which falls with the wind, falls on the mat, opens its own fence and falls in the dung. "

This passage is a debate between him and Jingling Wang Xiao about karma. Fan Zhen said, "Life is like a fallen flower. Some flowers were blown into the hall by the wind and landed on cushions and mats. Just like you, you are born in a famous family and enjoy wealth; And some petals were blown into the cesspit, just like me, and my life was unfortunate. " In other words, people's wealth and poverty are only accidental encounters. He believes that the wealth and poverty of human society are entirely natural accidents. It contains the premise of agnosticism, that is, people can't control their own destiny, they can only listen to their natural arrangements, and there is nothing that individuals can do.

Throughout the history of Song Ci, there are more than 600 fallen flower images everywhere in the poems of Song people. Write less flowers and more flowers. Because Song Ci, as a literary genre, has delicate and meticulous characteristics, it is easier to express beautiful, leisurely or sad feelings. Therefore, the beautiful, short-lived and dynamic image of falling flowers, with its sad beauty, will leave a deeper impression on poets. Falling flowers are full of feelings and fears that spring is no longer, youth is no longer, and beauty is dying. Colorful falling flowers is the core image of the theme of hurting spring in Song Ci. In ci, the image of fallen petal is more individual and feminine. At the same time, due to the different status, identity and situation of the author, the ideological connotation contained in the fallen petal image is not the same. But in my opinion, poets who use the image of falling flowers usually use falling flowers to feel the harm of time and express their feelings that life is fleeting and fate is unpredictable. When describing falling flowers, it is mostly a state of depression. The expression of the image of "falling flowers" is a process of expressing the inner world by external images.

Historically, first of all, the Song Dynasty was an era of emphasizing literature and restraining martial arts. In order to adapt to the change of social structure in Song Dynasty, imperial examination became the main way to be an official, and the ruling class adopted an inclusive policy towards intellectuals, forming a social atmosphere of running schools and doing research. The vigorous development of school education has improved people's cultural quality. Xu Youzhen in Ming Dynasty said in Rebuilding Zheng Wen Academy: "The Song Dynasty has a history of 300 years, which is not as wide as the territory of Han and Tang Dynasties, but the talents have surpassed." In view of the lessons of the previous dynasty, the rulers of the Song Dynasty did not exercise autocracy over culture, which made their academic thoughts active. In the Song Dynasty, intellectuals absorbed Buddhism and Taoism, combined with Confucianism, and formed a "new Confucianism" opposite to "Sinology", exploring the cultural situation of the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. However, they can discuss politics, but they are still chips in the hands of rulers.

Secondly, economically, the Song Dynasty basically achieved long-term stability and commercial prosperity. This also laid a solid material foundation for the development of literature in the Song Dynasty.

But at the same time, it cannot be ignored that the development of Song Dynasty was a migration process from north to south. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the territory was relatively stable, but in the process of gradual migration, the national strength gradually declined, especially in the Southern Song Dynasty. This also caused the differences between Du Nan's ci poems before and after.

It is this unique cultural soil that gave birth to and formed the mentality and value orientation of poets in the Song Dynasty. However, once the value orientation and attitude towards life are established and stabilized, the poets in the Song Dynasty will move with their hearts under the control of this value concept and realize colorful life experiences such as swimming, drinking, seclusion, retreat and Zen.

Generally speaking, I divide the intellectuals in the Song Dynasty into three categories and describe them respectively.

The first category is the literati class. Most of them are ups and downs of the official sea, and they are willing to serve the country, but they are difficult to be truly accepted by the ruling class, thus resulting in the contradiction between their origins and joining the WTO. This type accounts for a large proportion of poets in the Song Dynasty. Take Yan Shu and Ouyang Xiu as examples.

When it comes to fallen petal ci, you have to mention Yan Shu. Yan Shu was born in poverty, but his 50-year career as an official was not prominent in political history. Yan Shu's personality has the spirit of moderation, and she is not the kind of person who does not avoid risks and dares to fight. After years of experience in officialdom, he has developed the habit of being tactful. This character, as well as his family background, will inevitably lead to the situation that although he is in a high position, he can't display his ambitions well. The image of falling flowers can naturally express his helplessness and sadness about his personal experience.

In the well-known "Huanxisha", he wrote: "I have always been young and limited, and it is easy to be ecstatic when I leave. Don't speak frequently at banquets and songs. Mountains and rivers are far away, and falling flowers and wind and rain hurt spring even more. It is better to pity the people in front of you. " Among them, the phrase "poor eyes" comes from Cui Yingying's poem "Poor eyes" in Yuan Zhen's Jiang Zhen Ji. This is an impromptu performance at the party. Although the first two sentences of the next movie are still yearning for spring, they are generous, attracting people in front of them from watching mountains and rivers to bidding farewell to storms, and echoing before and after the final farewell banquet. Tang Guizhang defined this poem as a mourning poem in A Brief Interpretation of Tang and Song Ci. Began with a sentence, lamenting the limited floating life; The second sentence, sad to leave; The third sentence means to borrow wine and deliver it yourself, eat, drink and be merry in time. Turn around, say goodbye, and shine into the clouds. The meaning also comes from Li Qiao's sentence "Mountains and rivers cover tears". The phrase "falling flowers" shows the scenery in front of you and shows the depth of nostalgia. The last sentence, in Tang poetry, is also extremely painful. Through the "falling flowers" full of life transmission colors,

The image clearly condenses and embodies the feeling that "sorrow is greater than death in the heart". Because of the obvious connection between spring and a better life, revealing the theme of "hurting spring" is tantamount to expressing the lyrical hero's nostalgia for a better life, and timeliness, as the basic nature of "being alive", is revealed in this special nostalgia for life itself. It is conceivable that without these two vivid images loaded with the protagonist's myriad emotions, how can we intuitively feel the traces of life passing from "life" itself?

Yan Shu needs to take this philosophical outlook on life contained in Falling Flowers as a panacea to solve the pain, which contains irrationality, unfairness and possibility, so that he can talk to quell the hysterical contradiction and gain a short spiritual detachment.

Moreover, Ouyang Xiu and Yan Shu have a lot in common. Although Ouyang Xiu wrote few poems, the image of "falling flowers" appeared many times. For example, in "butterfly lovers": "There are deep willows in the courtyard, and the curtains are not complicated. Jade music carving saddle tour smelting place, the building is not high, look at Zhangtai Road. March storm, closing at dusk, not planning to stay in spring. Tears ask flowers silently, and red flies over the swing. " The so-called "disorderly red" here means falling flowers. This word was written in late spring and will always be in my heart.