Specific function
The Reform Movement of 1898 was a bourgeois reform movement and a preliminary attempt by the bourgeoisie to change the social system. The reformists tried to establish a bourgeois constitutional monarchy politically. Economically developing national capitalism conforms to the historical development trend.
This is a political movement of patriotism and saving the country. At the moment when the national crisis intensifies, the reformists hope to make China strong through political reform, so as to get rid of the aggression of imperialist powers, show strong patriotic enthusiasm and inspire people's patriotic thoughts and national consciousness.
The Reform Movement of 1898 was also an ideological emancipation in modern China. The bourgeoisie followed the reformists, advocated new learning, advocated civil rights, and lashed out at feudal ideas, which played an enlightening role in society and promoted the awakening of China people.
brief introduction
The Reform Movement of 1898, also known as the Hundred Days Reform, refers to the political reform movement of agriculture, industry and commerce that the reformists advocated learning from the West, advocating science and culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry and commerce through Emperor Guangxu from June to September. However, the Reform Movement of 1898 was strongly resisted and opposed because it harmed the interests of the old school (die-hards) headed by Empress Dowager Cixi. 2 1, In September, 898, Empress Dowager Cixi and others staged a 1898 coup, and Emperor Guangxu was imprisoned in Zhongnanhai. The reformists Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao fled to France, Japan and the Six Gentlemen of the Reform Movement of 1898 respectively.
main content
Reform government institutions, abolish redundant officials and appoint reformers; Encourage private enterprises to set up industrial and mining enterprises; Open new schools to attract talents, translate western books and spread new ideas; Establish newspapers and open their opinions; At the same time, it is stipulated that stereotyped writing, redundant yamen and useless official positions should be abolished in the imperial examination in the future.
Representative figure
kang youwei
Formerly known as Zuyi, the word is broad and long, also known as Ming Yi, Ji Geng, Xiqiao Mountain, Youcunzuo and Hua Tianyou, a native of Danzaosu Village, Nanhai County, Guangdong Province, known as Kang Nanhai, an important politician, thinker and educator in China in the late Qing Dynasty, and a representative of bourgeois reformism. Kang Youwei was born in a feudal bureaucratic family, and began to contact western culture in the fifth year of Guangxu (1879). In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), Kang Youwei once again went to Beijing to take the rural examination in Shuntian, and took the opportunity to write to Emperor Guangxu for the first time to ask for political reform, but he was blocked. In the seventeenth year of Guangxu (189 1), a 10,000-acre thatched cottage was established in Guangzhou and taught students here. In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), I learned that treaty of shimonoseki was signed, and invited more than 300 people to write about thousands of books, that is, "write on the bus".
In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), the Reform Movement of 1898 began. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, he fled to Japan, claiming that he held the imperial edict, organized a royalist society, advocated enlightened autocracy and opposed the revolution. After the Revolution of 1911, as the leader of the royalist party, he opposed the republic and always planned to restore Puyi. In the sixth year of the Republic of China (19 17), Kang Youwei and Zhang Xun launched the restoration and made Puyi emperor. Soon, they failed under the crusade of the then Prime Minister Duan of Beiyang Government. Kang Youwei always declared his loyalty to the Qing Dynasty in his later years. After being expelled from the Forbidden City by Feng Yuxiang, Puyi personally went to Tianjin to visit the Jingyuan where Puyi lived. He died in Qingdao in 16 (1927). As an activist in the late Qing Dynasty, Kang Youwei advocated the reform movement, which reflected the direction of historical progress. But later, he and Yuan Shikai became the spiritual leaders of the Restoration Movement.
liang qichao
(65438+23 February 0873- 1929 19 October), the word Zhuoru, the word Renfu, the name Rengong, also known as the owner of the ice house, the ice drinker, the bereaved, the new China citizen and the owner of the free lent. During Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, Juren was a thinker, politician, educator, historian and writer in modern China. One of the leaders of the Reform Movement of 1898 (the Reform Movement of 1898), a representative of the reformists and new legalists in modern China. When I was young, I learned it as a teacher. At the age of eight, I learned to be a writer. At the age of nine, I could write thousands of words. 17 years old, promoted. After studying under Kang Youwei, he became a propagandist of bourgeois reformists. Before the Reform Movement of 1898, he and Kang Youwei launched the movement of "writing on the bus". Since then, he has led strong societies in Beijing, Shanghai and other places, worked with Huang Zunxian on current affairs, and served as the keynote speaker of Changsha current affairs school to promote political reform through reform.
After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, with Kang Youwei's exile in Japan, his political thoughts gradually became conservative, but he was a theoretical advocate of the modern literary revolution. After fleeing to Japan, Liang Qichao continued to promote the "poetic revolution" in Dining Room Collection and Travel Notes in Hawaii, criticizing the previous practice of expressing new ideas in poetry with new terms. Promote constitutional monarchy overseas. After the Revolution of 1911, he joined Yuan Shikai's government as a judge. Later, he lashed out at Yuan Shikai and the Restoration and joined Duan's government. He advocated the New Culture Movement and supported the May 4th Movement. The work is co-edited as Drinking Rooms.