Although Zhang sheng is in the greenwood and has never read a book, he knows the national justice. The biggest reason for his death was Zhang's failure to implement the so-called "Article 21 of the New Sino-Japanese Covenant on Southern Manchuria and Eastern Mongolia Agriculture and Workers". After the Japanese succeeded in blackmailing Yuan Shikai in Beijing, they had negotiated with Zhang in the Northeast for many years, but they failed to do so. Japanese Consul General in Fengtian Ji Tianmao is a famous Japanese diplomat. He once made representations for China and Japan, and once arrogantly said to Zhang, "If you really don't accept it, Japan should have another way." Zhang Nai retorted, "why? If you have any good ideas, take them out. Is it necessary to send troops again? My surname is Zhang, waiting for you! " After that, he got up and went to Fujian, which made Yoshida very embarrassed. Later, Kenji Yoshizawa, the ambassador to China, came forward to negotiate with Zhang, because Zhang had taken up the post of Marshal An in Beijing.
1928 Kuomintang troops went north, which was not conducive to fighting. Zhang decided to withdraw from Beijing, and the Japanese side was very uneasy about this situation. 1 June, it is said that Fang Ze visited Zhang secretly and advised him to accept the Japanese terms, otherwise it would be bad for him. If he can accept it, Japan will protect Zhang from returning to Shenyang via Dalian. The meeting went on for a long time, and the waiter standing outside the living room heard Zhang Dasheng say, "My name is Zhang, and I'm not afraid of death."
On the morning of June 3rd 1, Zhang left Beijing. At 5: 30 am on the 4th, a special car of Zhang entered Huanggutun, Shenyang. Under the bridge where Nanman Road and Jingfeng Road crossed, it made a loud noise, and the suspension bridge collapsed, just pressing on the third, fourth and fifth carriages. The suspension bridge deck is divided into three sections, supported by stone pillars covered with 6-foot-thick reinforced concrete. Therefore, if it is not a special explosive, it is impossible to exert such great destructive power. At the same time, it is impossible for the train to pass under the bridge without calculating the time with current.
After the train was bombed, the scene was full of bodies, which was terrible. Zhang was seriously injured, and all the people in the other carriages were entourage. Zhang had an accident. He quickly rescued him and alerted the scene of the accident at the intersection. No one was allowed to touch the scene. And send Zhang back to Shenyang by car. Zhang died at the age of 55 at 6:5438+00 am due to his injuries. But the news was blocked and the outside world was completely unaware.
The evidence of the crime is undeniable.
According to all kinds of information leaked after Japan surrendered, the assassination of Zhang was indeed planned and organized by the Japanese Kwantung Army.
At that time, the commander of the Kwantung Army was Lieutenant General Tetsutaro Muraoka. The important generals of the Kwantung Army believe that Zhang is the biggest obstacle for Japan to control the Northeast. If Zhang was not removed, Japan's resistance in the northeast was great, so Muraoka personally presided over the assassination of Zhang. At first, Muraoka secretly sent Yoshiharu Takeshita, the Japanese military attache in Harbin, to Beijing to carry out the assassination, but it was discovered by the staff of Daisaku Kawamoto. He believes that there are many eyes and ears in Beijing, and the assassination work is not easy to hide, so it began when Zhang returned to the northeast, that is, Kawamoto served as the chief commander of the operation. The plot was set after May 3 1, and the assassination site was originally planned at Liu Ju River Bridge on Jingfeng Road. Later, due to the close surveillance of China military police in this area, there was no
Kawamoto also figured out a way to hide responsibility. First, the ronin Anda Longsheng found Liu Deming, an unemployed soldier in China, and then he found three beggars who sold morphine and pretended to be murderers. On June 3, he took them to the bathroom of Yifeng Road, the affiliated place of Nanman Road, to take a bath and change clothes. Japanese soldiers took them to Huanggutun suspension bridge and killed them with bayonets. Among the three, a beggar from Wang Xing took the opportunity to escape while taking a bath. Immediately after Zhang was bombed, beggars from China reported the bodies of two murderers. The owner of a bathroom on Yifeng Road once went to see the body and confirmed to the Japanese gendarmerie in Shenyang that he was a beggar who had bathed in his bathroom.
In advance, Kawamoto paid a deposit of 1000 yen to Liu Deming, but he refused to accept it afterwards. Nishihara Temple, a veteran Japanese politician, was afraid that Liu Deming would be arrested by Zhang Xueliang and reveal this scandal, so he sent Liu Deming to Dalian to help him open a cigarette shop.
After hearing the news, Zhang Xueliang in Beijing disguised himself as a chef and returned to Shenyang by train. Before returning to Shenyang, Fengfang only issued a communique announcing that Marshal Zhang was seriously injured, but did not announce his death. Zhang's head was bandaged, only his eyes, nose and mouth were exposed, and he was lying in bed with an opium stove and fruit on his body. Japanese tourists let them look out of the bedroom, which convinced the Japanese. Zhang's will was signed by Zhang Xueliang, because Jong can imitate the coach's signature and can be confused. According to this "forged document", Zhang Xueliang became the acting commander-in-chief of Feng Jun, and then transferred his troops back to Shenyang on a starry night, leaving the Kwantung Army with no chance of winning.
After Kwantung Army killed Zhang, then Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka was greatly disappointed. Since the Kwantung Army killed Zhang, it was tantamount to forcing the entire Bong Department to resist Japan. Therefore, there is no other way but to occupy the northeast. This case has caused great controversy in the Japanese government. After more than a year's delay, he succumbed to the intimidation of young soldiers. Finally, it ended with a vague statement that "after careful investigation, it has nothing to do with the Kwantung Army". The failure of the government's control over the military actually made Japan go further and further on the road of militarism.
We know from textbooks that Zhang, the leader of Beiyang warlord, was assassinated by the Japanese. However, in the article "Archives of Marshal Zhang's Death" recently written by Russian historian prokhorov, it is said that Zhang's death has nothing to do with Japan-
Another modern expression of Huanggutun incident
Zhang (1875— 1928) was born in Fengcheng (now Liaoning). 19 16 began to serve as inspector of Fengtian and three northeastern provinces. 1928 On the night of July 4th, he was killed by a pre-buried bomb when passing Huanggutun (now Shenyang) station by train. Subsequently, the Japanese Kwantung Army publicly admitted that it was responsible for the incident. The motive of the assassination was Zhang's secret collusion with the United States, which made Japan lose control of the Northeast.
However, a recent article by Russian historian prokhorov, Archives of Marshal Zhang's Death, said that Zhang's death had nothing to do with Japan, but was done by Soviet intelligence agencies, thus giving a new account of Zhang's death.
The dispute over "Middle East Railway" angered the Soviet government.
1On September 20th, 924, Zhang signed the Middle East Railway Treaty with the Soviet government as a gesture of friendship with the Soviet Union. According to the treaty, the Middle East Railway will be under the joint jurisdiction of China and the Soviet Union. However, with the development of the situation, the Soviet government began to change its attitude towards Zhang. 1926 65438+ 10, Zhang's army had a dispute with the Soviet side over the payment for the use of the Middle East railway. By the end of 1925, Zhang's army owed the Middle East Railway Bureau140,000 rubles. To this end, Ivanov, director of the Middle East Railway Administration, decided to prohibit Zhang's army from using this railway to transport troops and military supplies. For Ivanov's decision, Zhang's army not only ignored it, but also intensified the use of railways and even threatened to intercept railway staff passing by.
1926 Zhang ordered the army to arrest Ivanov in order to control the management right of the Middle East railway. The Soviet government called it the "East Railway Dispute", trying to put pressure on Zhang, and hinted that some influential groups in Japan were looking for new candidates to replace him, hoping that Zhang would not freeze relations with the Soviet Union at this time, so as not to lose reliable supporters. However, the efforts of the Soviet government were fruitless. In July of the same year, Zhang met with Wu in Beijing and discussed with him how to deal with the leftist movement. At the same time, Zhang also asked Wu to hand over the management right of the Middle East Railway to him. Although the Soviet Union made a solemn protest, the right to operate the Middle East railway actually fell into Zhang's hands.
Caught in the first assassination.
In view of Zhang's tough policy on China's Eastern Railway, the Soviet government ordered the Soviet Intelligence Agency to assassinate Zhang on August 1926. At that time, the Soviet Intelligence Agency handed over the task of assassinating Zhang to agents Saning and Burakov.
According to the assassination plan, they will plant mines in the mansion of Zhang's official residence to kill the assassination target. The specific division of labor is that Saneng is mainly responsible for laying mines in Zhang's official residence. It is reported that a concert will be held in Zhang's official residence at the end of September. At that time, Saneng had to arrange for band members to smuggle mines, bury them in Zhang's mansion and detonate them regularly. Burakov is mainly responsible for escorting landmines across the border. On September 24th, Burakov met Medvedev and Vlashenko, alias Jin Shu, sent by Sarnen at the border railway station, and prepared to hand over mines. However, their whereabouts have long been under the surveillance of special agent Zhang. The station patrol immediately searched Burakov's luggage and found the mine. So Burakov, Medvedev and Vlashenko were arrested by the patrol. Subsequently, the Soviet government immediately declared that Burakov was a white bandit, and the assassination of Zhang was entirely planned by Soviet expatriates who moved to China.
After the first assassination attempt by the Soviet intelligence agency failed, Zhang began to alienate Moscow and took many actions hostile to the Soviet Union.
1926 1 February 1 day, Zhang was appointed commander-in-chief of the northern warlords and commander-in-chief of an, and issued the declaration against * * *. Later, Zhang said in the leaflets distributed in the three northeastern provinces: "The Soviet Bolsheviks are poisonous snakes and beasts, and only one can save the people in the three northeastern provinces." At the same time, Zhang actively supported Chiang Kai-shek's expulsion from the North Valve Army and severed diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.
1927 65438+ 10, in view of the smooth northward movement of the northern valve army, Zhang began to harass Soviet institutions in the three northeastern provinces to prevent armed uprisings in the three northeastern provinces. On March 1 1, Zhang sent people to search the Soviet commercial representative office in Harbin. On March 16, the representative office of the Soviet "Transport" joint-stock company in Harbin was closed. On March 3 1 day, the Soviet staff of the East Railway Bureau organized a search; On April 6th, they attacked the Soviet Consulate in Beijing, arrested a large number of party member in China, including Li Dazhao, founder of China's * * * production party, and killed them on April 28th. On the same day, Zhang's army detained a Soviet ship in Nanking, arrested three Soviet diplomatic envoys and Bao Luoting Na, the wife of the general counsel of the Soviet Union working in the Wuhan government, and tried to force Bao Luoting Na to persuade her husband to sign the North-South armistice agreement. At the same time, Zhang's army took part in the armed uprising to suppress the Shanghai Communist Party, and set up a new interim government headed by Hu in Nanjing. Subsequently, the Soviet advisory group was forced to leave China. On June 25th, Zhang called Chiang Kai-shek, hoping to sign an agreement with him on "Opposing the Production Party".
Zhang set off an anti-* * climax at home, but also incited white bandits and local bandits entrenched in the northern border area of China to provoke the Soviet border guards. According to the statistics of the General Administration of State Security of the Soviet Union, from 1927 to 1928, there were more than 90 incidents of invading Soviet territory on the Sino-Soviet border. At the same time, Zhang's regime is also difficult to maintain. 192712-1928 was forced to fight against the Beiyang valve army at the beginning, and then fought against Chiang Kai-shek's army, with heavy casualties. Therefore, he sent personnel to negotiate with Japan in an attempt to establish an anti-* * anti-Soviet "independent Republic of Manchuria" in northeast China with the support of the Japanese government.
The second assassination was finally successful.
At this time, Ettinggong, a special agent of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the State Political Security Administration of the Soviet Union living in Harbin, spied on Zhang's information about the negotiations with Japan and reported it to the headquarters. The Soviet government believed that Zhang's behavior had threatened the interests of the Soviet Union in the Far East, so it ordered the Soviet Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency to jointly assassinate Zhang. Responsible for the assassination task is involved in the first assassination of Ettingang and Sanen. In order to turn the assassination line of sight to the Japanese government, the Soviet government ordered the secret service teams of the three northeastern provinces led by Saneng to do this work well.
On the evening of July 4th, 1928, Zhang returned to Shenyang by special train. When driving to Huanggutun Station on the outskirts of Shenyang, Zhang's special train suddenly exploded violently, and Zhang's chest was seriously injured. He was sent to Shenyang hospital and died soon. At that time 17 people died in the special train. In order to blame the Japanese government for the assassination, the Soviet secret service deliberately buried the bomb on the railway bridge guarded by the Japanese Kwantung Army. What puzzled the Soviet government was that after Zhang's assassination, the Japanese government took the initiative to take responsibility, claiming that Zhang was assassinated because he secretly colluded with the United States and betrayed the three northeastern provinces.
However, Zhang's assassination did not bring any expected results to the Soviet government. 1929 1, Zhang Xueliang came to power, cooperated with Chiang Kai-shek and recognized the Nanjing government. In August, Zhang Xueliang's army began to prepare for the Middle East railway armed conflict that would break out in February of that year. After Zhang's death, he lost control of northern China. In 193 1, the Japanese government occupied the three northeastern provinces, established the puppet Manchukuo, and deployed the Kwantung Army on the Sino-Soviet border, thus making the Soviet Union lose its foothold in the three northeastern provinces.
For a long time, it is generally believed that Zhang was assassinated by the Japanese Kwantung Army. 1946 ——1948 During the trial of Japanese war criminals by the Tokyo International Military Tribunal, the Japanese generals who invaded China confessed to the crime that the Japanese Kwantung Army planned to assassinate Zhang under the orders of the government. However, in the late 1940s, the Japanese government categorically denied its involvement in the assassination of Zhang, saying that it had no reason to instruct the Kwantung Army to assassinate Zhang. In the early 1990s, when Russian historian Volgogonov was investigating Trotsky's death, he accidentally discovered the historical data of Zhang's assassination by the Soviet Intelligence Agency, which made this established historical ironclad case have a new statement 70 years later.