1. Nicokal Ethics is an ethical work created by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, which was written around 330 BC. Nico Kyle's ethics has become one of the main sources of western modern ethics and laid the foundation for western modern ethics. This book has a profound and extensive influence on the development of bourgeois ethics in the Middle Ages and modern times.

2. The Republic is a philosophical dialogue work written by Plato (427- 347 BC), an ancient Greek philosopher. This book mainly discusses the construction, governance and justice of Plato's ideal country, with the theme of state management.

3. The Encyclopedia of Theology is Thomas Aquinas' most important masterpiece. He is known as "the giant and mentor of scholasticism". From 1259, he became a theological consultant of the Holy See and began to write the first encyclopedia. After teaching at the University of Paris for three years, he finished the second volume of the encyclopedia. After returning to Naples, he continued to discuss the first 90 questions in the third episode until 1259. Father Regina compiled Thomas' works into an addendum to the encyclopedia.

4. The Collection of First Philosophical Meditations is a collection of essays created by French philosopher rene descartes, which was first published in 164 1. This book contains six meditations, which are heckled by Hobbes, Arnault, Gassendi and Descartes.

Meditation on the First Philosophy is one of Descartes' important philosophical works. In this book, Descartes tries to make the mind get rid of the senses and acquire some knowledge through pure reason by the method of universal doubt.

5. The Study of Human Understanding is a philosophical work created by British philosopher david hume, which was first published in 1748.

The study of human understanding reflects Hume's philosophical thought. He tried to carry out the principle of empiricism to the end, thus ending the empiricism in modern Britain. He was skeptical about all the philosophical issues he involved and established a special and unique philosophical system in the history of western philosophy.