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Classical Chinese geography common sense
1. The geographical knowledge in China's ancient prose, such as Hedong Hexi Henan Hebei and inland rivers, Jiangdong Jiangxi Jiangnan Jiangbei China ancient literature generally refers to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.

Hedong Hedong refers to Shanxi. Because the Yellow River flows through the southwest of Shanxi Province and Shanxi is east of the Yellow River, this place was called Hedong in ancient times.

In Qin and Han Dynasties, it refers to Hedong County, located in Yuncheng and Linfen, Shanxi Province. After the Tang Dynasty, it generally refers to Shanxi.

Hexi Hexi generally refers to the land west of the Yellow River, which changed in ancient times. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it refers to the area to the west of the south section of the Yellow River between Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces, which is around Hancheng, Heyang and Dali in Shaanxi Province.

During the Han and Tang dynasties, it mostly refers to the west of the Yellow River in Gansu and Qinghai provinces. Hexi now refers to Wuwei (formerly known as Liangzhou), Zhangye (Ganzhou), Jinchang, Jiuquan (Suzhou) and Jiayuguan in Gansu Province, that is, the five cities of Hexi.

Henan, formerly known as the Central Plains (sometimes referred to as Henan now), is the birthplace of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation. It is the core area of China history before Yuan Dynasty.

In the first year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (627), Henan Road was set up, and its jurisdiction was in the south of the Yellow River, hence the name, there is a sea in the east, a valley in the west, a Huaihe River in the south and a big river in the north. Shaanxi, Ru, Zheng, Sliding, Bian, Xu, Chen, Cai, Ying, Bo, Song, Xu, Si, Su, Hai, Pu, Cao, Deng, Lai, Mi, Qing, Yi, Yan, Zi, Qi and Yi.

Its jurisdiction is equivalent to all the territories of Shandong Province, Henan Province, Northern Jiangsu Province and Northern Anhui Province. Administer Luoyang County and Luozhou (now northeast of Luoyang City, Henan Province).

Henan Road is the origin of the name of Henan Province today. Hebei Hebei is also one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation.

Zhangjiakou Zhuolu Huangdi City is located 2 kilometers west of Fanshan Town, Zhuolu County. During the Warring States period, most of Hebei belonged to Zhao and Yan, so Hebei was also called the land of Yan and Zhao.

Hebei belonged to Jizhou (one of the ancient Kyushu) in ancient times, so it was called Hebei for short. Historically, it has always been an important place in Gyeonggi.

In the first year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (627), Hebei Road was set up, and its jurisdiction was north of the Yellow River, hence the name. East of Linjiang, west of Taihang and Changshan, north of Chongqing Pass and Jiyumen (Chongqing Pass is now Shanhaiguan and Jiyumen is now Juyongguan), leading Huai, Wei, Bo, Xiang, Wei, North, Xing and Zhen. It is the land north of rivers in Henan, Shandong and Hebei, including most areas of Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Beijing and Tianjin, and governs Weizhou in the east of daming county, Hebei Province.

Hebei Road is the origin of the name of Hebei Province today. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in Hanoi, Hanoi was north of the Yellow River.

In ancient times, it generally refers to the area north of the Yellow River, which is equivalent to today's Henan Province. Outside the river During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the south of the Yellow River was outside the river (relative to Hanoi, north of the Yellow River).

It also takes the west of the Yellow River as the river outside. "Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong fifteen years": "liar Qin Bo (Mu Gong) five cities outside the river."

In other words, Jin bribed five cities in Hexi. Jiangdong Yangtze River flows in the northeast of Anhui Province, and the east, west and left are determined according to this section of the river.

Jiangdong refers to areas of different sizes, mainly around Wuhu and Nanjing, and also refers to the south bank of the Yangtze River with Wuhu as its axis. Culturally, it also includes places along the Yangtze River, such as Chuxian, Liuhe and Lai 'an, north of the Yangtze River, that is, southern Anhui, eastern Anhui, southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang and northeastern Jiangxi (east), which are called Jiangdong. Historical Records Biography of Xiang Yu: "And 8,000 people from Jiangdong crossed Jiangxi, and no one has returned today. Even if my brothers and sisters in Jiangdong pity me, how can I tell! " Li Qingzhao said in a poem: "I miss Xiang Yu so far and refuse to cross Jiangdong."

"Battle of Red Cliffs": "My father and brother fought fiercely and killed themselves in Jiangdong. Jiangxi corresponds to Jiangdong above.

In the 21st year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (733), Jiangnan Road was divided into Jiangnan East Road, Jiangnan West Road and Guizhou Middle Road. Jiangnan West Road governs Hongzhou and leads Xuanzhou, Rao, Fu, Qian, E, Jiang, Hong, Yuan, Ji, Li, Lang, Yue, Tan, Heng, Chen, Shao, Yong, Dao and Lian, with a total of 19 states.

It is equivalent to the whole province of Jiangxi and a part of Hunan, Anhui and Hubei. Jiangnan West Road is called Jiangxi Road for short, hence the name "Jiangxi".

Jiangnan Jiangnan literally means Jiangnan. In the concept of human geography, it refers to Jiangnan.

In different historical periods, the literary image of Jiangnan is different. Jiangnan first appeared in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, which refers to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Hunan Province, southern Hubei and parts of Jiangxi Province with Chu as the background.

Jiangnan in a narrow sense now refers to the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain and the Jiangnan area along the Yangtze River. The economy of Xiaojiangnan, with Suzhou and Hangzhou as the center, is more developed.

Jiangnan in a broad sense includes the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanling and Wuyishan, that is, the whole territory of Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Shanghai and the area south of the Yangtze River in Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu. Compared with Jiangnan, the area north of the Yangtze River in Jiangbei mainly refers to the areas north of the Yangtze River and south of Huaihe River in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.

Huainan Road in Tang Dynasty and Huainan Road in Song Dynasty. Generally refers to the north of the Yangtze River.

Song Luyou's "The Plum Blossom Que": "The old pool platform in Wang Xiaoyuan, Shu, is beautiful in the north and south of the Yangtze River." Generally refers to the north of the river.

"Mandarin Wu Yu": "So the king of Wu set out to fight in Jiangbei." Especially the Northern Wei Dynasty and its ruled areas.

Biography of Wei Lu in the Southern Qi Dynasty: "(Tuo Ba Hong) attaches great importance to aligning people and often says that his subordinates say' Jiangnan Good Minister'." Li Yuankai, a pseudo courtier, said to him:' What a good courtier in the south of the Yangtze River, he changed hands at the age of one; Jiangbei has no good minister, a century-old master.

Hong dagai "Jiang Biao the area south of the Yangtze River, from the Central Plains, is located outside the Yangtze River (table, for external explanation), so it is called Jiang Biao.

Jiangbiao means beyond the Yangtze River. Compared with the Central Plains where the ancients lived, it includes most areas such as Jiangnan Jiangdong except the Yangtze River. Jiangbiao in the Three Kingdoms refers to Liu Biao's influence in Jingxiang area, which is different from Sun Shi's influence in Jiangdong.

2. What are the geographical knowledge contained in China's ancient poems and its wonderful use in geography learning [Author: Yang Zhengyi reposted from: original hits on this site: 55 1 update time: article entry: qqqqq] In the vast literary ocean of China, there are many famous sentences describing geographical landscapes, geographical laws and principles.

From elementary school to high school, we learned a lot of ancient poems. Therefore, when learning geography knowledge, if we can further deepen our understanding of ancient poetry, we will be surprised to find that ancient poetry also contains a lot of geography knowledge such as climate, topography and hydrology.

Here are a few examples for your reference. 1. There are many sentences describing climate in ancient poems and climate poems. For example, "like a strong wind in spring, it comes up at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees" reflects the weather change characteristics of cold front blowing first and then precipitation (snow); "Peach blossom in April Mountain Temple" reflects the vertical distribution of temperature. It is precisely because the temperature decreases with the elevation of terrain (the temperature drops by 6℃ every elevation of terrain 1000 m) that peach blossoms bloom early and late in the mountains and hills. "sunrise in the east, sunset in the west, the Tao is blind" is an excellent portrayal of flowing rain. From the poem, we can know the characteristics of convective rain: large precipitation intensity, small range and short duration.

Second, ancient poetry and topography China has a vast territory, diverse landforms and different causes. There are external forces such as weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition, as well as internal forces such as crustal movement.

This is also described in China's ancient poems. For example, "the green hills on both sides of the strait are facing each other, and the solitary sails are drying themselves" can be understood as flowing water eroding the landform, that is, when the crust rises, flowing water goes deep into the valley, making the green hills on both sides of the strait face each other; "The Shu Road is difficult, and it is difficult to go to the sky" and "48,000 years have passed, and it is not connected with Qinsai", indicating that the Shu Road is rugged, and the landform of the Sichuan Basin has been blocked since ancient times; "The side view of the mountain is the peak, and the distance is different" is a typical description of the mountainous terrain, which embodies the majestic beauty of Lushan Mountain.

Third, ancient poetry hydrology There are many poems describing hydrology. For example, Li Bai's "Flying down three thousands of feet, suspecting that the Milky Way has set for nine days" is a description of Lushan Waterfall; "Bai Di colorful clouds, thousands of miles Jiangling also one day.

Apes on both sides of the Taiwan Strait can't stop crying. The canoe has passed Chung Shan Man. It shows the spectacular sight of the Yangtze River rushing through the Three Gorges. Tides are born with the moon, and rivers should be born in spring. "August 18th tide is spectacular, and there is nothing strange in the world" not only shows the majestic momentum generated by the surging qiantang bore, but also describes the most spectacular time of tides (August 18th) and its astronomical factors (moon gravity). There are many poems that can express geographical knowledge such as climate, topography, hydrology and humanities. As long as students are good at discovering and thinking in their study, they can link ancient poetry with geographical knowledge, which will greatly stimulate our interest in learning geographical knowledge.

Not only reviewed the knowledge of ancient poetry, but also deepened the understanding of geographical knowledge, killing two birds with one stone, wouldn't it be quick! .